Rosuvastatin represents the latest inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase introduced in clinical practice for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. In comparative trials, across dose ranges this statin reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol significantly more than atorvastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin, and triglycerides significantly more than simvastatin and ...

The aim of this study was to investigate if dietary Chlorella vulgaris (chlorella) intake would be effective on cadmium (Cd) detoxification in rats fed dietary Cd. Fourteen-week old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats weighing 415.0 +/- 1.6 g were randomly divided into two groups and fed slightly modified American Institute of ...

Exposure to chemicals via diet is a major uptake pathway for many compounds but is often estimated in a rather generic way. We use a new model framework (NMF) with crop-specific models to predict the dietary intake by 4-5-year-old children and 14-75-year-old women of three environmental compounds from their background ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of minerals on lead-induced effect on the liver. Differentiation of minerals and heavy metals pose an inherent problem due to certain common properties shared by them. With this approach to the problem of heavy metal toxicity, in the present study ...

Oral exposure to dietary fat results in an early initial spike, followed by a prolonged elevation, of serum triglycerides in humans. The physiological and pathophysiological implications remain unknown. This study sought to determine the incidence of the effect, the required fat exposure duration, and its reliability. Thirty-four healthy adults participated ...

We investigated juvenile Achatina achatina snails by feeding graded levels of inorganic lead metal contaminated artificial diet in plastic snaileries in the laboratory. Snails were tolerant of all levels of lead contamination with no mortalities. Results indicated significant (p < 0.05) transfer of lead from diet to snail with high ...

The effect of occupational lead exposure on the liver function and on the blood biochemical parameters among the battery workers and the muffler repair workers was studied. The study included 22 battery and 38 muffler repair workers. Whole blood lead levels were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometers. Total protein, albumin, ...

Exposure to some predominantly emotional (electric shock) and systemic (interleukin-1beta) stressors has been found to induce long-term sensitization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responsiveness to further superimposed stressors. Since exposure to immobilization on wooden boards (IMO) is a severe stressor and may have interest regarding putative animal models of post-traumatic stress ...

Metabolomics describes the measurement of the full complement of the products of metabolism in a single biological sample and correlating these metabolomic profiles with known physiological or pathological states. The metabolome offers the possibility of finding unique fingerprints responsible for different phenotypes. Analytical techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance or ...

The significant role of trace elements in human health is well documented. Trace elements are those compounds that need to be present in the human diet to maintain normal physiological functions. However, some microelements may become harmful at high levels of exposure, or, on the other hand, may give rise ...

A bioassay was developed to assess the toxic effects of ingested PAH-contaminated prey using the teleost Fundulus heteroclitus as a predator and the polychaete Nereis virens as a benthic vector. Ten groups of 9 male adult Fundulus were exposed during 21 days to 10 different diets of Nereis contaminated with ...

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is widely distributed and persistent in the environment and wildlife. The main aim of this study was to investigate the impact of long-term exposure to low concentrations of PFOS in zebrafish. Zebrafish fry (F(0), 14 d post-fertilization, dpf) were exposed via the water for 70 d to ...

We examined the toxicity of Cd, provided in a natural diet and at an environmentally relevant concentration ( approximately 12microgg(-1) dry wt.), to the juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In addition, we tested the protection by elevated dietary Ca against both the accumulation and toxicity of dietary Cd from this ...

It has been investigated, based on a rat model of human exposure to cadmium (Cd), whether zinc (Zn) supplementation may prevent Cd-induced alterations in lipid metabolism. For this purpose, the concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA), phospholipids (PL), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TCh), and high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol ...

This in-vitro study evaluated the inhibition of demineralization in enamel sections produced by MI paste, fluoride and a combination of both, compared to artificial saliva and NaF 5000 ppm in a caries progression pH-cycling model. Twenty-one teeth were demineralized to create subsurface enamel lesions (approximately 200 microns in depth). The ...

Zebrafish were fed chironomid larvae (8% wet weight daily ration) for 7 days, followed by 3 days of gut clearance in a static-renewal system. Regardless of whether the chironomids had been loaded with Cd via a waterborne exposure or sediment exposure, they had similar subcellular distributions of Cd, with the ...

The pleuromutilin antibiotic tiamulin (TIA) is known to produce a negative interaction in broilers when administered in combination with several ionophore anticoccidials such as salinomycin (SAL). Chlortetracycline (CTC), when administered simultaneously with TIA, has demonstrated a synergistic antimicrobial effect. A 35-d feeding study was conducted in cages to evaluate the ...

BACKGROUND: Ozone is a potent photochemical oxidant that produces transient, reversible decrements in the lung function of acutely exposed individuals. A recent study provided previously unavailable clinical data for 30 healthy young adults exposed to O(3) at 0.06 ppm. That study showed significant effects of 0.08 ppm on lung function, ...

The aim of the study was to evaluate subchronic toxic effects of the preparation LASSO MTX (alachlor 42% W/V) on hematological indices and histology of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). In carp exposed for 28 days to LASSO MTX in the concentration of 2,400 microg L(-1), significant differences (p ...

Rats that are fed cafeteria diet (CD) are a widely used model of obesity. Presenting a varied and energy-dense diet often leads to hyperphagia and weight gain. However, the exact macronutrient composition of ingested food remains difficult to measure accurately. The current investigation aims to improve the accuracy of food ...

Twelve lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental diets in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design with 4-wk periods to ascertain the lactational response to feeding fish oil (FO), condensed corn distillers solubles (CDS) as a source of extra linoleic acid, or both. Diets ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors is a potential risk factor for humans. Many of these chemicals have been shown to exhibit disruption of normal cellular and developmental processes in animal models. Ultraviolet (UV) filters used as sunscreens in cosmetics have previously been shown to exhibit estrogenic activity ...

The effects of the insecticide chlorpyrifos were studied in plankton-dominated mesocosms under Mediterranean conditions. Chlorpyrifos was applied four times at 1 week intervals at nominal concentrations of 0.033, 0.1, 0.33, and 1 microg/l simulating repeated agricultural applications. The lowest 7 days time weighted averaged concentrations (TWAC) during the 28 days ...

A novel assembly of Au NPs-beta-CDs-FL for the fluorescent probing of cholesterol (Cho) is provided. Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) possessing a high extinction coefficient function can be used as excellent fluorescent quenchers in Au NP-fluorophore composites. Inclusion of fluorescein (FL) into beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) makes fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) occur ...

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate [DEHP] is a plasticizer (softener) used to increase the flexibility of polyvinyl chloride (plastic). Animal studies following acute and chronic exposure of DEHP show several toxic changes in many organs including the liver. There have been no studies of compound specific techniques for reducing DEHP body burden. A study ...

The European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) is severely threatened with extinction. Surprisingly, even though their unusual life cycle makes them particularly vulnerable to pollution, the possible contribution of contamination remains especially poorly known. Here we have investigated the possible effect of cadmium (Cd), a widespread nonessential metal, on eel reproductive ...

The purpose of this paper is to address some of the paradoxical issues and perceptions regarding animal fats and the related effects on meat quality and consumer perceptions. Meat scientists have been studying carcass characteristics for many years and although the factors that influence the accumulation, distribution and composition of ...

We have studied the effects of bupivacaine on human and bovine articular chondrocytes in vitro. Time-lapse confocal microscopy of human articular chondrocytes showed > 95% cellular death after exposure to 0.5% bupivacaine for 30 minutes. Human and bovine chondrocytes exposed to 0.25% bupivacaine had a time-dependent reduction in viability, with ...

Today, being either overweight or obese is becoming the norm both in developing and developed countries. Developing countries often experience a double burden of nutrition-related diseases, as both over and undernutrition are experienced, with overweight presently exceeding underweight in most developing countries. Global diet trends such as moving from a ...

The present study has been designed to investigate the protective role of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulfur containing conditionally essential amino acid, against cadmium-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice. Cadmium chloride (CdCl(2)) was used as the source of cadmium and it was administered orally at a dose of 4mg/kg body weight ...

American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were fed meat diets containing 0, 3, 6, or 12 ppm (dry weight) methylmercury chloride. Birds fed the 12-ppm diet started to show signs of neurotoxicity after 26 days and all died in 39-49 days. One male kestrel fed the 6-ppm diet died after 75 days ...

BACKGROUND: Parabens are widely used preservatives in cosmetics and pharmaceutical products, and approved as food additives. Parabens have been considered safe for these uses for many years. Recently, adverse effects on male reproductive parameters in rats have been reported when parabens were given orally for 8 weeks starting at three ...

Genistein is a naturally occurring isoflavone that interacts with estrogen receptors and multiple other molecular targets. Human exposure to genistein is predominantly through consumption of soy products, including soy-based infant formula and dietary supplements. Consumption of soy and genistein has been associated with a variety of beneficial effects in animals ...

The dromedary camel is a good source of meat especially in areas where the climate adversely affects the performance of other meat animals. This is because of its unique physiological characteristics, including a great tolerance to high temperatures, solar radiation, water scarcity, rough topography and poor vegetation. The average birth ...

Grey seals Halichoerus grypus were sampled in the Faroe Islands archipelago during the summers of 1993 to 1995. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Hg, Se and Zn were measured in the liver, kidney and muscle of 68 seals. All elements except Zn exhibited lowest concentrations in the muscle. The liver contained ...

Concentrations of cadmium, mercury, copper and zinc were measured in liver, muscle, kidney and stomach contents and the preys of five species of small burrowing petrels : South Georgian (Pelecanoides georgicus) and common (P. urinatrix) diving petrels, thin-billed (Pachyptila belcheri) and Antarctic (P. desolata) prions, and blue petrel (Halobaena caerulea). ...

Arsenic is a proven carcinogen often found at high concentrations in association with gold and other heavy metals. The freshwater yabby, Cherax destructor Clark (Decapoda, Parastacidae), is a ubiquitous species native to Australia's central and eastern regions, with a growing international commercial market. However, in this region of Australia, yabby ...

In observational studies, the presence of confounding [corrected] can distort the true association between an exposure and a toxic-effect outcome, if the confounding variable is not controlled for in the study design or analysis phase. While confounding is often assumed to occur in the same direction as the toxicant exposure, ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of very weak, extremely low frequency (50 Hz) electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on the relative spleen weight, lymphoid organ histology, peripheral blood leukocyte and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase positive (ANAE- positive) lymphocyte percentages of the mouse. METHODS: The study was carried out in Scientific Research and Application ...

Male and female rats were fed a diet containing flame retardant hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) at 0, 150, 1500 or 15,000 ppm throughout the study beginning at the onset of a 10-week pre-mating period and continuing through the mating, gestation and lactation periods for two generations. The mean daily intakes of HBCD ...

AIMS: Inhalant abuse during pregnancy lowers birth weight and impedes early development. These studies explored the effects of brief, repeated, prenatal toluene exposures in pregnant female rats on body weight, metabolic rate, body composition, and food intake in their offspring. METHOD: Rats were exposed to 0, 8000, 12,000, or 16,000 ...

Essential metals can affect the metabolism of nonessential metals. Calcium (Ca) is an essential mineral that is commonly lacking in the diet. When we fed 5-week-old male mice for 4 weeks on a purified diet containing 0.005% Ca (CaDF mice), the Ca concentration in the plasma, liver and kidneys did ...

Male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats were fed a diet containing the rubber accelerator N,N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (DCBS) at 0, 1500, 3000, 6000 or 10,000 p.p.m. (0, 83, 172, 343 or 551 mg/kg bw/day in males and 0, 126, 264, 476 or 707 mg/kg bw/day in females) for a total of 57 days ...

The aim of this study was to examine the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) incorporated in radish bulb and its effects on testes function in male rats. Control animals were given diet containing ordinary radish bulb for 4, 8 and 12 weeks, while contaminated animals were given diet containing Cd-polluted radish ...

Resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin, has free-radical scavenging activity and we found that it induces chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei, and sister chromatid exchanges in vitro. We synthesized its analogue 4-hydroxy-trans-stilbene (4-OH) and found that it has the same in vitro clastogenic activities as resveratrol, suggesting that the 4' hydroxy group of resveratrol ...

A 28-day dietary study was conducted in Hsd:SD rats to evaluate the safety of PureLo, a non-caloric powdered concentrate of the Chinese fruit Luo Han Guo, which derives its sweetening properties from triterpene glycosides called mogrosides. Groups of 20 rats (10/sex/group) were fed diets containing 0, 10,000, 30,000, or 100,000 ...

Exposure to cadmium and other pollutants is a major environmental problem. Cadmium is causing acute liver injury but the mechanism of hepatotoxicity is poorly understood. The present study aimed to assess the possible reasons by which cadmium causes liver toxicity. Furthermore, the protective role of selenium against this toxicity was ...

Heavy metals are widely distributed in the environment and some of them occur in food, water, air and tissues even in the absence of occupational exposure. Among of these lead, (Pb) is a hazardous substance to human and animals. The present study was carried out to investigate the possible protective ...

Lead (Pb) seems to be involved in the etiology of psychological pathologies. This study investigated the effects of subchronic Pb exposure from weaning to adulthood on anxiety, depression and aggressiveness in male and female Swiss mice. Moreover, the reversibility of the effects was evaluated retesting the animals 30 days after ...

4,4'-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) is the most important isocyanate in the manufacture of polyurethanes, dyes, pigments and adhesives. High concentrations of isocyanates are a potent respiratory irritant. Therefore, it is important to develop methods to monitor exposure to such compounds. We monitored biological samples from 40 non-exposed and 45 exposed construction ...