BACKGROUND AND AIM: Choline deficient (CD) and methione-choline deficient (MCD) diets are rodent models for steatosis, with potentially dissimilar biochemical backgrounds. The aim of this study was to assess the metabolic and pathological derangements in rats fed CD and MCD diets. METHODS: Male Wistar rats received CD or MCD diet ...

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play a central role in the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism(s) responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction in nonalcoholic fatty liver. Fatty liver was induced in rats with a choline-deficient (CD) diet for 30 days. We examined the ...

The present study examined the effects of pulse exposures of the insecticide imidacloprid on the mayfly, Epeorus longinmanus Eaton (Family Heptageniidae), and on an aquatic oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus Miller (Family Lumbriculidae). Pulse exposures of imidacloprid are particularly relevant for examination, because this insecticide is relatively soluble (510 mg/L) and is ...

Expancel microspheres are thermoplastic microspheres enclosing hydrocarbon. These microspheres expand when heated, producing many applications. Because they have unknown biological persistence and toxicity, we investigated the toxicity of two unexpanded (11.1 and 15.4 micro m mean diameter) and two expanded (3.1 and 5.5 micro m mass median aerodynamic diameter) Expancel ...

This study measured concentrations of iron, manganese, zinc, copper, lead, and cadmium in environmental substrates (water and sediment) as well as in the diet and feathers of Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax and Grey Heron Ardea cinerea chicks from Pyeongtaek heronry, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. Zinc and cadmium concentrations in sediment were ...

A subchronic toxicity study of nivalenol (NIV), a trichothecene mycotoxin, was conducted in male and female F344 rats fed diet containing 0, 6.25, 25 or 100 ppm concentration for 90 days. Decrease of body weight and loose stools were observed at 100 ppm in both sexes from the start of ...

The objective of the study was to compare in vivo estimates of Cd bioavailability in two diet materials (lettuce and durum wheat grain) with bioaccessibility estimates from three in vitro methods. For both dietary materials, the Cd was either incorporated during growth or applied topically as a soluble salt just ...

To address the need for dietary arsenic (As) research on freshwater fish, experiments were conducted to examine the uptake and toxicity of dietary As exposure in two species. First, a short-term preliminary experiment was conducted to compare the accumulation, distribution, and toxicological effects of dietary As exposure in lake whitefish ...

The biochemical and histological sequelae resulting from a diet containing 50.20 mg cadmium/kg were studied in Lohmann brown cockerels from hatching until 30 days of age. The additional cadmium chloride (CdCl(2)) to the diet induced the formation of lipid peroxides, which via a chain reaction led to accumulation of malondialdehyde ...

Humans are exposed to ubiquitous phthalates via multiple pathways. Exposures to phthalates have been estimated in some previous risk assessments in Japan based on point-of-contact measurement or scenario evaluation approaches. While the Japanese national government has regulated the use of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and excluded several other phthalates from its regulation ...

The incorporation of plant-based ingredients, and the possible carry-over of pesticides such as endosulfan, in fish feeds may present new toxicological challenges to aquacultural species. Biological responses of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to a 35-day dietary endosulfan exposure at levels ranging from 4 to 710 microgkg(-1) were assessed using tissue ...

The aim of this study was to examine the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) incorporated in radish bulb and its effects on liver and kidney functions in male rats. Control animals were given diet containing ordinary radish bulb for 4, 8 and 12 weeks, while contaminated animals were given diet containing ...

Free-living bank voles have been shown to be more sensitive to cadmium (Cd) toxicity than the rodents exposed to Cd under laboratory conditions. The present study was designed to find out whether polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), common environmental co-contaminants, increase susceptibility to Cd toxicity through inhibition of metallothionein (MT) synthesis-a low ...

Metal mining, milling, and smelting, metal processing, fuel combustion, and waste incineration activities release significant amounts of nickel (Ni) into freshwater systems. Benthic-feeding fish residing in Ni-contaminated systems are exposed to Ni through ingestion of contaminated food items and sediments. Laboratory-based research is needed to provide insight into the potential ...

Paleozoic chondrichthyans had a large gape, numerous spike-like teeth, limited cranial kinesis, and a non-suspensory hyoid, suggesting a feeding mechanism dominated by bite and ram. Modern sharks are characterized by a mobile upper jaw braced by a suspensory hyoid arch that is highly kinetic. In batoids, the upper jaw is ...

Canada is the world's leading uranium (U) producer; mining and milling operations in northern Saskatchewan generate about one third of total global production. These activities discharge U directly into aquatic ecosystems, where it accumulates in sediments. In turn, fish accumulate U via ingestion of sediments and contaminated diet items. However, ...

The present investigation was undertaken to assess the effects of aflatoxin (AF) on the exocrine pancreas in quails by means of light and electron microscopy. A total of 30 quails were divided into three groups, each composed of ten animals. Total AF was incorporated into the diet of these groups, ...

Evidence suggests that short-term animal exposures to synthetic amorphous silicas (SAS) and crystalline silica can provide comparable prediction of toxicity to those of 90-day studies, therefore providing the opportunity to screen these types of substances using short-term rather than 90-day studies. To investigate this hypothesis, the inhalation toxicity of three ...

In acute toxicity (96 hr) experiment the fingerlings of freshwater fish Labeo rohita was exposed to tannery, electroplating and textile mill effluents. The LC0 and LC50 concentrations were 15% and 20% for tannery effluents, 3% and 6% for electroplating effluents and 18% and 22% for textile mill effluents respectively. It ...

We investigated the bioaccumulation of metals (Cd, Se, and Zn) in different juvenile sizes of black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegeli by applying a biokinetic model. A series of experiments were conducted to determine the physiological kinetic parameters, including uptake rate constant of waterborne metals, ingestion rate, assimilation efficiency of dietary ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine which exposure pathway, dietary or inhalation, contribute more to the exposure to, and/or internal dose of, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of non-smoking Japanese. METHODS: Duplicated diet, personal air samples and 24-h urine were collected from 14 non-smoking male university students without occupational exposure and the concentrations of ...

The economy of Ca utilization is under the control of vitamin D(3), particularly its active metabolite 1,25-dihydroxy cholecalciferol [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)]. In sufficient Ca absorption leads to tibial dyschondroplasia resulting in not attaining optimum body weight. Our earlier studies [T.P. Prema, N. Raghuramulu, Phytochemistry 37 (1994) 167] have shown that the Cestrum ...

Background  The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is increasing at an alarming rate around the world and prevention has become a key public health objective. Treatment and management of those already overweight and obese must be aligned with the best available evidence on effectiveness, if the ...

This study investigates the presence of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Hg in 24 dietary supplements purchased in different health stores across the city of Hermosillo, located in the northwest of Mexico. Analysis of metals was done by microwave digestion and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The most abundant elements in dietary ...

Mammalian studies have raised concerns about the toxicity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), but there is very limited data on ecotoxicity to aquatic life. We describe the first detailed report on the toxicity of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) to rainbow trout, using a body systems approach. Stock solutions of dispersed ...

The aim was to study health effects in office workers (N = 18) in a medical case book archive with dampness caused by flooding. They were first investigated in a building without dampness (exposure free for 10 days). Then all returned to the damp building, and were re-investigated after 2 ...

Methyl isobutyl ketone is used as a denaturant for rubbing alcohol; as a solvent for paints, varnishes, nitrocellulose, lacquers, and protective coatings; in industrial extraction processes; in dry-cleaning preparations; and in the synthesis of methyl isobutyl carbinol. Methyl isobutyl ketone was nominated for study by the National Cancer Institute and ...

Because European silver eels (Anguilla anguilla) fast during their reproductive migration to the Sargasso Sea, the successful completion of their unusual life cycle depends on quantity of lipids stored beforehand. These lipids are mainly accumulated during the growth phase stage of the animals, called yellow eel, as triglycerides in muscle. ...

Jamaica quassia extract (JQE), a natural bittering agent, was investigated for hepatocarcinogenesis-promoting potential using a medium-term liver bioassay system. F344 male rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (200mg/kg body weight) and then starting 2 weeks later, received JQE in the diet at concentrations of 500, 5000 or ...

A number of preclinical safety pharmacology and toxicity studies have been performed on the angiostatic cortisene anecortave acetate in various species and using different routes of administration (oral, intravenous, subcutaneous, topical ocular, intraocular injection, posterior juxtascleral) and a wide range of doses (0-1,000 mg/kg). Anecortave acetate did not interact with ...

The combination of Simvastatin and Ezetimibe allows dual inhibition of both cholesterol production and absorption. This treatment approach allows achieving same low serum cholesterol levels with the administration of much lower doses of statins. This should reduce side effects, compared to statin only therapy, enabling more patients to achieve their ...

This study undertook the analysis of tissue cadmium (Cd) distribution using in-air micro-particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and the examination of the involvement of metal ions in parenteral Cd toxicity. A mouse was injected intraperitoneally with 3 mg/kg body weight of CdCl2 thrice weekly. After 27 wk, the liver and kidney ...

To determine the effect of nematode infection on the response of snails to selected toxins, we infected Helix aspersa with 0-, 0.25-, 1-, or 4-fold the recommended field dose of a commercial nematode application for agricultural use. In the first experiment, the snails also were exposed to cadmium via food ...

Exposure to a sublethal concentration of cadmium (Cd; 50 microg L(-1)) resulted in significantly increased Cd concentrations in the gill and digestive gland of the Antarctic bivalve Laternula elliptica. Continuous accumulation of Cd in the two organs during the 14-day exposure period was associated with sequestration of Cd to both ...

OBJECTIVES: The programmes of asbestos replacement brought the need to use other fibres for insulation or reinforcement of material. The aim of the presented study was to follow the effect of refractory ceramic fibres (RCF3) alone or in combination with cigarette smoke (CS) on antioxidant status of the lung in ...

The hepatotoxin cylindrospermopsin, a sulfated-guanidinium alkaloid with substituted dioxypyrimidine (uracil) moiety, was isolated from several cyanobacteria species. The acute toxicity of cylindrospermopsin was well established based on intraperitoneal and oral exposure; however, only a few long-term subacute exposure studies were performed to permit a reliable guideline value for cylindrospermopsin in ...

The phthalate esters are a group of industrial chemicals considered to have endocrine-disrupting properties. The most common tonnage product among these, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), is widely spread in the environment. The objectives with the present work were to study uptake and metabolism of orally administered DEHP and its major metabolite ...

Many different species have been used in environmental biomonitoring studies in diverse habitats including forest, farmland, and urban and sub-urban areas. However, there is little information on domestic animals living in rural or urban habitats and exposed to the same pollutants as the human population. In this connection, pets could ...

The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between cadmium (Cd) intake and cadmium toxicity indicators by meta-analysis of literature data, in particular beta2-microglobulin (beta2MC), and to compare the results with the current Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) set by FAO/WHO. The literature survey identified 79 feeding trials ...

Effluents from wastewater treatment plants and untreated sewage constitute a low concentration but continuous source of pharmaceutical products to the aquatic environment. One such drug, ibuprofen, is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent that primarily acts through inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) activity. Oryzias latipes (Japanese medaka) were exposed for 6 weeks via ...

The fathead minnow is a useful species for evaluating the toxicity of wastewater effluents. While this fish is widely used for "survival" studies of metal toxicity, little or no work has been done on the tissue distribution of metals in fathead minnows. To determine the distribution of tissue lead, aquarium ...

This study uses a spatially explicit microclimate/biophysical approach to examine the potential distribution of the Po'ouli on Maui to find either new habitats to search for existence or refine search efforts in previously occupied areas. We used specific physiological and behavioral ecology bird data, and Po'ouli morphological and spectral data ...

Iron (Fe) plays essential roles in biological processes, whereas cadmium (Cd) is a toxic and non-essential metal. Two metal transporters, divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and metal transporter protein 1 (MTP1), are responsible for Fe transport in mammals. Here, we studied the effect of dietary Fe on the expression of ...

Effect of cadmium on barley seeds treated with kinetin and gibberellic acid was investigated. As usual, cadmium has inhibited seed germination, and showed important inhibitory effects on roots and coleoptile growth after germination. In general, increase in cadmium concentration caused a greater inhibition of germination, root and coleoptile growth. The ...

The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate, and adequate-protein diet for the treatment of intractable seizures in children, initially introduced in 1921 to mimic the biochemical changes associated with fasting. The diet is individually calculated and rigidly controlled, requiring a comprehensive medical team approach. Although there are adverse, as well ...

Low fat sausages were prepared with added hydrated oatmeal or tofu as texture-modifying agents at levels of 10%, 15%, and 25% (w/w), respectively. The effects of the type and level of texture-modifying agents on the physical and sensory properties of low fat sausages were investigated. The water-holding capacity in sausage ...

Three different diets amended with lead (Pb) nitrate Pb(NO3)2 (7, 77, and 520 microg Pb/g dry weight) and a Pb-free control diet (0.06 microg Pb/g dry weight) were fed to juvenile freshwater rainbow trout for 21 days. Accounting for measured food consumption, the calculated doses per fish were 0.02, 3.7, ...

In the Arctic, the traditional diet exposes its people to a very high intake of cadmium because it is highly concentrated in the liver and kidneys of commonly eaten marine mammals. In one study in Greenland, the cadmium intake was estimated to 182 microg/day/person in the fall and 346 in ...

Groups of Fischer 344 rats (20/sex/group) received control or treated diets at levels of 0, 25,000 or 50,000 ppm kappa carrageenan with a molecular weight range (Mw) of 196,000-257,000 Da for 90 days. The Low Molecular Weight Tail (LMT) ranged between 1.9% and 12.0%<50 kDa (mean 7%) based on the ...

The effects of bioturbation by tubificids on cadmium (Cd) remobilization and bioavailability from sediment were studied throughout two experiments. With bioturbation, particulate Cd was transitorily released into the overlying water, in correlation with sediment resuspension (maximum of 6.1+/-0.1 microg L(-1) after 6 days). Cd bioaccumulation by the bivalve Corbicula fluminea ...