BACKGROUND: Anisakis simplex, a fish parasite, causes allergic urticaria, angioedema and anaphylactic shock through an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity mechanism. Consensus on the dietary recommendations that should be given to allergic patients is lacking. Our objective was to evaluate the usefulness of different types of diets in preventing further reactions in patients ...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate if exogenous cholesterol affects sterol turnover in the cholesterol-synthesis defect Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) and if clinical effects justify long-time supplementation. The SLOS is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme 7-dehydrocholesterol-7-reductase with markedly reduced cholesterol levels and greatly increased levels of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC). DESIGN: Treatment with dietary ...

BACKGROUND: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) improve on a vegetarian diet or supplementation with fish oil. We investigated the effects of both dietary measures, alone and in combination, on inflammation, fatty acid composition of erythrocyte lipids, eicosanoids, and cytokine biosynthesis in patients with RA. METHODS: Sixty-eight patients with definitive RA ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine stage-matched nutrition counseling by family physicians and its effect on dietary intake, anthropometry, and serum lipid levels in patients at elevated risk for cardiovascular disease. METHODS: In this controlled trial, patients randomized to intervention practices received nutrition information following the Stages-of-Change Model, and patients randomized to control ...

We investigated the effect of a glutamine-enriched enteral diet on intestinal permeability and infectious morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients who developed systemic inflammatory response syndrome after an acute event. Eleven intensive care units in tertiary-care hospitals participated in a prospective, randomized, single blind, multicenter trial. Eighty-four patients with ...

A female patient, the first child of healthy non-consanguineous parents, presented at the age of 16 months with delayed motor development and facial dysmorphism. In addition she displayed a palatoschizis and multiple skeletal abnormalities as hypoplastic scapulae, hypoplastic os ilea, and an extreme cervical kyphosis. Biochemical investigation of urine revealed ...

BACKGROUND: Dietary fat has been suggested to determine the therapeutic effect of enteral diets in Crohn's disease. AIM: To assess the efficacy of two whole protein based diets with different fat compositions (n6 polyunsaturated fatty acids v monounsaturated fatty acids) in inducing clinical remission in active Crohn's disease compared with ...

Phytoestrogens are plant substances that are similar to 17-beta-estradiol and produce estrogenic effects. A protective role in the development of breast and prostate cancer has been hypothesized. Estrogen receptors and their variant forms play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); therefore weak estrogenic substances in the ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To characterize weight changes in patients with neurodevelopmental disabilities who received topiramate. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational study. SETTING: State-supported developmental center. PATIENTS: Fifteen patients with neurodevelopmental disabilities who received topiramate therapy MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Monthly weights for 1 year after the start of topiramate therapy were recorded. Mean ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether it is possible to separate cases of irritable bowel syndrome associated with excess total hydrogen production (as a surrogate of colonic fermentation; these patients may be offered an exclusion diet as treatment) from other causes of irritable bowel syndrome by determining the amount of hydrogen excreted ...

BACKGROUND: Hypoalbuminemia is a powerful predictor of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients and results from a reduction in albumin synthesis. It is not known if this is associated with any impairment of the normal response to feeding. METHODS: Protein turnover and albumin synthesis were measured in the fasting ...

Numerous vitamins, herbs, supplements, and other agents are readily available for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. Many of these products have little evidence-based medical support to prove the efficacy of these supplements. The physician must be aware that their patients are using these products and must be knowledgeable about ...

Very low density lipoprotein overproduction is the major metabolic characteristic in familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL). Peripheral handling of free fatty acids (FFAs) in vitro may be impaired in FCHL by decreased action of acylation-stimulating protein (ASP), which is identical to the immunologically inactive complement component 3a (C3adesArg). Because decreased FFA ...

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer and rheumatoid arthritis are common diseases which change everyday life among women. This study investigated the beliefs and attitudes of female patients regarding diet and their need for dietary counseling in relation to years since diagnosis, age, and education. METHODS: Breast cancer (BC) patients were compared to ...

Dietary intervention studies in COPD patients often are short-term inpatient studies where a certain amount of extra energy is guaranteed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an 1 year individual multifaceted dietary intervention during multidisciplinary rehabilitation. Eighty-seven patients with severe COPD, not demanding oxygen therapy ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of replacing red meat with chicken in the usual diet and the effect of a low-protein diet on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER), and lipid levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A randomized, crossover, controlled trial ...

Previous reports on the activities of essential endogenous antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione in dementia patients have not included a simultaneous quantitative assessment of dietary antioxidant intake. This is important because the reported differences in endogenous antioxidant levels among dementia patients may have reflected variations in the ...

The nutritional status of the first 1,000 patients randomized into the Hemodialysis (HEMO) Study was analyzed at baseline when they received their typical dialysis dose (equilibrated Kt/V = 1.30 +/- 0.22) and dialysis membrane. This is the largest study to date of the nutritional status of chronic hemodialysis patients. The ...

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the effects of a very low-fat, vegan diet on patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). DESIGN: Single-blind dietary intervention study. SUBJECTS AND STUDY INTERVENTIONS: This study evaluated the influence of a 4-week, very low-fat (approximately 10%), vegan diet on 24 free-living subjects with RA, average age, 56 +/- ...

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is well accepted as the standard cholecystectomy only in adult patients. However, the advantages of LC over open cholecystectomy have never been proved in pediatric patients because the number of pediatric cholecystectomies is limited as well as the faster ability of pediatric patients to resume their ...

The brain is the most cholesterol-rich organ in the human body. Accumulation of excess cholesterol in hippocampal neurons promotes the cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) into amyloidogenic components with the consequence of the acceleration of neuronal degeneration. Conversion of cholesterol to 24S-hydroxycholesterol mediated by cholesterol 24S-hydroxylase (CYP46) is ...

OBJECTIVES: A dietary management program, consisting of the alternation between a vegetarian low-protein diet (VD) and an animal-based conventional low-protein diet (CLPD), aims to increase foods choices and to improve compliance with dietary prescriptions, psychologic aspects, and the quality of life of renal patients. The present study investigates the subjective ...

Following a heart-healthy diet to lower cholesterol levels is often assumed to be difficult, to be burdensome, and to have a negative impact on quality of life (QOL). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) versus usual care (UC) for hypercholesterolemia on ...

Nephrotic patients show various abnormalities in protein kinetics. Plasma albumin levels and the total plasma albumin pool are reduced. The rate of hepatic absolute and fractional albumin synthesis are increased. Transferrin synthesis is also increased. Fibrinogen levels are elevated in nephrotic syndrome because of an increase in the hepatic synthesis. ...

GOAL: The goal of this study was to determine recovery rates from swallowing disorders, or dysphagia, at 3 weeks and 3 months poststroke by tracking changes in nutritional management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-one newly diagnosed stroke patients were studied. Patients with suspected dysphagia were referred for bedside swallowing assessment, performed ...

BACKGROUND: Accurate estimation of extracellular fluid (ECF) is an important factor in assessing dry weight in hemodialysis patients. Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) is a simple method to determine the compartmental distribution of body water in HD patients. Recent studies have shown that sum of segmental BIS (SBIS) is less affected by ...

Protein-restricted diets have been proposed in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) to correct uremic symptoms and to slow the progression of CRF thus delaying the initiation of dialysis. Questions have been raised about the compliance to such diets, their nutritional safety and efficacy. In two-thirds of selected and motivated ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the bone density of adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa with adolescent patients with other dieting disorders and to evaluate risk factors for low bone density in these patients. METHOD: Sixty-nine consecutive female patients referred to an adolescent eating disorders clinic were studied by interview, blood sampling, body ...

A fat-free liquid diet was formulated to be administered by nasogastric tube as therapy for hyperlipaemia in ponies. The liquid diet provided energy, protein, minerals, trace elements, and vitamins in accordance with the requirements of ponies. As sole source of nutrition, the liquid diet fully counteracted fasting-induced hyperlipaemia in two ...

Dietary interventions are sometimes necessary, even in young children; however, adhering to a diet can cause medical and psychosocial problems. Therefore, insight into frequency, reasons, and effectiveness is important. To establish the prevalence of dieting in children referred to a general paediatric outpatient clinic, parents of newly referred patients were ...

The onset time of vecuronium, a muscle relaxant, was measured after a bolus intravenous injection of 0.15 mg kg(-1) of vecuronium into 40 surgical patients aged 59-64 years. The onset time was then compared between male and female patients and the relationship between onset time and body fat (% of ...

OBJECTIVE: Whether food intake can modify the course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an issue of continued scientific and public interest. However, data from controlled clinical trials are sparse. We thus decided to study the clinical effects of a vegan diet free of gluten in RA and to quantify the ...

Supplement with keto acids/amino acids (KA) and erythropoietin can independently improve the metabolic sequels of chronic renal insufficiency. Our study was designed to establish whether a supplementation with keto acids/amino acids (KA) exerts additional beneficial metabolic effects in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRF) treated with a low-protein diet (LPD) ...

A woman with end-stage renal disease underwent peritoneal dialysis. On initiation of treatment, there was turbid peritoneal dialysis fluid, which proved to be of chylous rather than inflammatory origin. A low-fat and medium-chain triglycerides diet induced visible clearing of the fluid and a decrease in its triglyceride concentration. Challenge with ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the results and cost-effectiveness of a cholesterol lowering protocol implemented by registered dietitians with cholesterol lowering advice by physicians. DESIGN: Six month randomized controlled trial, cost-effectiveness analysis. Subjects included 90 ambulatory care patients (60 men, 30 women), age range 21 to 65 years, with hypercholesterolemia and not ...

BACKGROUND: Survey of the serum lipoprotein profile, uric acid levels and body weight in Chinese patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) one year after injury, and to report the data of patients with SCI at different levels. METHODS: Seventy-seven Chinese patients with SCI categorized into cervical SCI, thoracic SCI, and ...

AIM: To collate information on current British dietetic practice in the area of diet in secondary prevention of myocardial infarction, and to compare this with best evidence. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to all Chief Dietitians, to be completed by the whole department, asking about current dietary advice and practice, ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A large number of prescriptions are issued for nutritional supplements under British National Formulary classifications 9.4.1 (foods for special diets) and 9.4.2 (enteral feeds), but little is known about the characteristics of the patients who receive them. We used the General Practice Research Database to examine patterns ...

Diet treatment characterized by a reduction in or a selection of food proteins is currently suggested in hepatic encephalopathy. This article is a review of the present knowledge about the characteristics and the rationale of vegetarian diets in cirrhotic patients with overt or latent encephalopathy. In addition, evidence relating diet ...

OBJECTIVES: To study the lipid profile in a group of treated phenylketonuric patients (PKU; n = 61) compared with a group of inborn error of intermediary metabolism patients (IEM; n = 22), a group of hyperphenylalaninemic children (HPA; n = 37), and a control group without dietary restriction (n = ...

OBJECTIVE: We recently found a close relationship between high interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) and nutritional parameters, confirming the potential role of IDWG as a marker of calorie and protein intake in hemodialysis patients. In this population, the control of volume status to achieve the "appropriate dry weight" suggests a correlation ...

The treatment of multiple acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) includes a low-fat, low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet, avoiding long fasting periods. However, there is no useful biochemical marker to determine the response to different diets or fasting periods. The aims of this study are to report a patient with MADD, diagnosed through a newborn ...

The aim of this literature review is to produce guidelines for dietetic practice in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by evaluating the research available. In this area randomized control trials (RCT) only account for a small proportion of the literature and have been concentrated in the modification of dietary fibre in ...

Patients with end-stage renal failure are a high-risk group for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and commonly have dyslipidemia as a major factor. Dietary manipulation is the recommended first line of therapy for reducing lipid levels in people with normal renal function; however, complex dietary requirements of dialysis-treated patients with end-stage renal ...

In chronic renal failure (CRF) patients with a reduced protein intake, if the patients' energy intake could be estimated on the basis of biochemical data together with protein intake, it would be easier to provide them with adequate dietary treatment. Thus, from the relationship among the normalized protein catabolic rate ...

The National Kidney Foundation Clinical Practice Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative (DOQI) guidelines recently recommended dietary protein intake for patients with chronic renal failure as follows: predialysis patients should receive 0.60 g/kg/day of protein and increase intake to 0.75 g/kg/day for subjects who cannot follow such a diet. For stable maintenance ...

BACKGROUND: Dietary factors are known to be associated with initiation and development of colorectal cancer (CRC), and also with CRC's major precursor, the colorectal polyp. In long-term intervention studies on colorectal polyps, dietary changes may therefore affect potential effects of the study intervention. OBJECTIVE: To examine potential dietary changes among ...

The avoidance of incriminated foods is one of the principal therapies for atopic dermatitis (AD). Recently, interferon (IFN)-gamma therapy has been tried in AD with limited success. The necessity of diet therapy for the success of IFN-gamma therapy in AD was evaluated. A total of 524 AD patients participated in ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine if confirmation of hypolactasia offers any benefit to the dietary treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). METHODS: One hundred and twenty-two consecutive IBS patients (37 male, 85 female) were given lactose hydrogen breath tests (LHBT). Those with positive LHBT followed a low lactose diet for ...

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a defined formula diet with a blenderized diet on nutritional and respiratory function parameters and to determine the bacteriological load of the two formulations. METHODOLOGY: Seventeen patients, aged 50-75 years, admitted to the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital for chronic ...