The 1993 NCEP recommended phase 2 diets and < or = 100 mg/dL LDL goals for all atherosclerotic patients. We reviewed Washington, DC physician 1994-2000 use of these recommendations for coronary care unit (CCU) patients. Questionnaires, chart reviews and interviews of cardiologists, residents and dietitians showed > 80% of CCU ...

Lipid peroxidation (LP) has recently been suggested to trigger the atherosclerotic process as well as to worsen the progression of renal disease. Autoantibodies against oxidized low-density lipoproteins (Ox-LDLAb) were considered to provide a sensitive marker to detect LDL oxidation in vivo. To date few studies have been reported on Ox-LDLAb ...

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to determine the rate of visualization of the normal pediatric appendix on CT and to evaluate the relationship of the appendix to parameters such as amount of intraperitoneal fat, use of contrast material, patient age, and slice thickness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three board-certified radiologists retrospectively ...

The present study investigated whether development or maintenance of a relatively increased fat mass in normal-weight patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), despite periods of weight loss, may be related to impaired beta-adrenoceptor-mediated responses in lipid utilization and thermogenesis. Nine COPD patients and nine healthy controls (body mass index: ...

Clinical experience suggests that fasting followed by vegetarian diet may help patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We reviewed the available scientific evidence, because patients frequently ask for dietary advice, and exclusive pharmacological treatment of RA is often not satisfying. Fasting studies in RA were searched in MEDLINE and by checking ...

A minority of patients with coeliac disease do not improve in spite of strictly adhering to gluten-free diet and are considered to have developed refractory disease. Such patients are usually treated with steroid and/or immunosuppressive agents but these are not without serious side effects. Herein, we present a patient with ...

BACKGROUND: Undernutrition in hospitalized patients is often not recognized and nutritional support neglected. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is frequently characterized by weight loss. No data exist on the effects of nutritional supplementation in underweight lung transplantation candidates during hospitalization. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects on energy intake and body weight ...

There have been numerous reports that the nutritional intake of many hospitalized patients is sub-optimal, but there is little published information about patients' diets in Australian hospitals. In this study, the nutritional intake of patients in general medical wards of an Australian acute care hospital was assessed. Although the hospital ...

More effective ways to improve lifestyle behaviors need to be developed. Two hundred forty adult patients at a preventive cardiology clinic were randomly assigned to receive either one or five sessions of behavioral instruction to improve cardiovascular risk behaviors. Results for 102 patients from 6-month follow-up data revealed few significant ...

Diet is one of the mainstays of the treatment of patients with urea cycle disorders. The protein intake should be adjusted to take account of the inborn error and its severity and the patient's age, growth rate, and individual preferences. Currently, the widely used standards for protein intake are probably ...

Several studies have previously reported high levels of total tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) antigen in patients with hypercholesterolemia. The relationship between serum lipid concentrations and total and free-form TFPI antigen in 32 patients with primary type II hypercholesterolemia and 38 age- and gender-matched normolipemic control subjects was studied (Study ...

In studies of the effect of diets in obese type 2 diabetic patients, information about the degree of compliance or non-compliance is generally lacking or incomplete, though their poor long-term success rate is widely recognized. We have quantified the degree of short-term compliance with a personalized hypocaloric diet (800-1500 kcal) ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of dietary counselling and the predictability of success in reducing fat intake to less than 20% of total energy in patients with symptomatic coronary heart disease. Forty-seven patients with coronary heart disease attended a 2-week in-house cardiac rehabilitation course with ...

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to investigate the impact of prosthetic rehabilitation of the shortened dental arch on the intake of nutrients, non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) fruits and vegetables (dietary fibre), and to compare dietary intakes between patients receiving bilateral resin-bonded bridges with patients receiving conventional partial dentures. METHODS: ...

Aims: patients with liver cirrhosis exhibit abnormal fuel metabolism, including increased fat and decreased glucose oxidation. Such altered energy metabolism is similar to that observed after starvation and could lead to malnutrition. We therefore studied whether nocturnal energy supplementation might improve the fuel metabolism in cirrhotic patients. Methods: 12 cirrhotic ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine dietary protein intake in Indian patients with chronic renal failure and the impact of prescribing protein restricted diets to these patients. METHODS: Baseline dietary protein intake was estimated in forty five patients with chronic renal failure on an unrestricted diet. Of these 45 patients, 27 were vegetarian ...

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and the complications associated with it are very common in the Western world. There has been speculation for many years that certain dietary and lifestyle factors may play a role in the pathogenesis or course of GERD. However, a wide-ranging review of the available data reveals ...

AIM: Visceral hypersensitivity characterizes the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We evaluated the effect of a cold pressor test (CPT)--hand immersion in ice water for 1 minute, which evokes a sympathetic response--on rectosigmoid motility in patients with IBS and normal volunteers. Since many Indian patients with IBS complain of worsening of ...

Dietary treatment of phenylketonuria is well established to be safe and to prevent developmental and mental impairment in patients with low or absent phenylalanine hydroxylase activity. The use of semi-synthetic diets necessitates careful and longitudinal control not only of physical and intellectual development, which are both near normal in well ...

The acylcarnitines in plasma and blood spots of 23 patients with proven deficiency of long-chain 3-hydroxyacylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase were reviewed. Long-chain 3-hydroxyacylcarnitines of C14:1, C14, C16 and C18:1 chain length, and long-chain acylcarnitines of C12, C14:1, C14, C16, C18:2 and C18:1 chain length were elevated. Acetylcarnitine was decreased. In plasma, ...

Undernutrition without malnutrition (low-energy diet) increases maximum longevity, reduces the incidence of several cancers and delays their onset, in animal studies. It has also been demonstrated by experimental study that caloric restriction provides a beneficial effect on various inflammatory diseases. In this study, we offered a low-energy diet to patients ...

OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluate acceptability of an intensive and ethnic-specific cholesterol-lowering diet program with a strong behavioral component in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHOD: A comprehensive program with a behavioral component and culturally sensitive menus was developed in an effort to alter dietary behavior in patients with ...

Cardiac complications of the ketogenic diet, in the absence of selenium deficiency, have not been reported. Twenty patients on the ketogenic diet at one institution were investigated. Prolonged QT interval (QTc) was found in 3 patients (15%). There was a significant correlation between prolonged QTc and both low serum bicarbonate ...

BACKGROUND: Glutamine (Gln) is a major nutrient for rapidly proliferating cells. Unlike glutamine itself, the dipeptide glycyl-glutamine as a source for Gln is stable in aqueous solutions ex vivo. In order to evaluate the possible therapeutic role of glycyl-glutamine on lymphocyte proliferation we investigated its influence on lymphocytes of AIDS ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is effective for treatment of obesity-related liver abnormalities in children. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-one children (21 bboys; mean age, 8.7 years) had obesity-related persistent elevation of aminotransferase levels, which was associated with ultrasonographic images of bright liver in 27. A preliminary interview determined which ...

Titres of parasite-specific IgE were investigated in 19 patients thought to have recurrent, acute urticaria caused by sensitization to Anisakis simplex (Dujardin, 1845), before and after they were placed on a fish-free diet. Patients with other allergic disease and those being treated with corticosteroids or antihistaminics were excluded. Skin-prick tests ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether (1) dietary supplements raise the normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) and/or further improve the nutritional status of stable hemodialysis patients who have both a low nPCR and a low dietary protein intake, <1.2 g/kg body weight/day; and if (2) protein intake measured by nPCR reflects protein ...

BACKGROUND: In rats with experimental chronic renal failure (CRF), low-protein diets protect against histologic damage and improve mortality. In CRF patients, low-protein diets ameliorate uremic symptoms and certain CRF complications. Fortunately, low-protein diets are nutritionally sound in CRF patients because they activate compensatory mechanisms that conserve protein with a low-protein ...

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the effect of a liquid diet, and of vertical banded gastroplasty, on gastro-oesophageal reflux in morbidly obese patients. DESIGN: Prospective study, patients being their own controls. SETTING: University hospital, Sweden. SUBJECTS: 25 morbidly obese patients, listed for vertical banded gastroplasty. INTERVENTIONS: 24 hour ambulatory intra-oesophageal pH-monitoring three weeks ...

Length of hospital stay after elective intestinal surgery may be related to patient tolerance of a diet. We hypothesized that early initiation and discharge home on a clear liquid diet would decrease the length of hospital stay without increasing morbidity. The aim of this study was to determine if early ...

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is highly prevalent in hemodialysis patients. Amino acid (AA) losses during the dialysis procedure may be a contributing factor. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were 1) to prospectively evaluate AA losses and their effect on plasma AA concentrations during dialysis with polyacrylonitrile at baseline and after administration ...

Extended-release oxybutynin (Ditropan XL) uses an osmotic system (OROS) to deliver a controlled amount of oxybutynin chloride into the gastrointestinal tract over a 24-hour period when taken once daily. Oxybutynin binds to M3 muscarinic receptors on the detrusor muscle of the bladder, preventing acetylcholinergic activation and relaxing the muscle. Mean ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an oligoantigenic and histamine-free diet on patients affected with chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). DESIGN: Ten patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria were prescribed an oligoantigenic and histamine-free diet for 21 days, followed by serial and controlled reintroduction of foods ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the dietary habits among adult patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis and relate intake to clinical symptoms. DESIGN: Data were obtained from a clinical trial. SETTING: Five departments of dermatology at Norwegian University hospitals. SUBJECTS: Outpatients, 46 men (median age 27 y) and 92 women (median ...

Urticaria and angioedema symptoms result primarily from the physiological actions of histamine. Some individuals with urticaria have a decreased ability to degrade dietary histamine before it enters the circulation. Foods high in histamine, such as fermented foods, may exacerbate urticaria and angioedema in these individuals. Certain food additives may increase ...

BACKGROUND: Glutamine is traditionally considered a nonessential amino acid but may be conditionally essential in patients with catabolic conditions. Glutamine-supplemented foods in these patients have been shown to prevent deterioration of gut permeability, protect against the development of intestinal mucosal atrophy, and improve nitrogen balance. Animal models of inflammatory bowel ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a diet therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Fifty RA patients entered a 24-week double-blind, randomised, controlled-study of two different dietary regimens (an experimental diet high in unsaturated fats, low in saturated fats with hypoallergenic foods vs. a control well-balanced diet). The ...

OBJECTIVE: Since malnutrition and lactose intolerance are frequently reported in Crohn's disease (CD), we evaluated the differences in terms of compliance-to-treatment and nutritional status in inactive CD patients after two different treatments using either a standard polymeric diet or a vegetable-protein-rich and lactose-free diet. STUDY DESIGN: A case-control study. SUBJECTS: ...

The effect of a strict, low-salt, uncooked vegan diet rich in lactobacteria on symptoms in 18 fibromyalgia patients during and after a 3-month intervention period in an open, non-randomized controlled study was evaluated. As control 15 patients continued their omnivorous diet. The groups did not differ significantly from each other ...

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed in 44 patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) aged 6-29 y. The phenylalanine-restricted diet was based on a low-protein diet in combination with phenylalanine-free amino acid mixtures and phenylalanine-low casein hydrolysate in 32 patients. The 10 oldest patients were supplemented only with casein hydrolysate, and the ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Protein and calorie malnutrition is frequently observed in chronic haemodialysis (HD) patients. Recently it has been suggested that intradialytic nutritional support with amino acids may improve nutritional status and increase immunocompetence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of intradialytic infusion of amino acids, ...

It is known that the Japanese people have had healthy eating habits, which may explain their low incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). In the present study, in order to examine dietary habits such as fish consumption, the serum fatty acids from 190 normal people in their 30s and 50s ...

Dysphagia and aspiration in intensive care unit patients with acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a frequent and potentially life-threatening problem. Any diagnostic technique used with this population, therefore, must be able to be performed in a timely and efficient manner while providing objective information on the nature of the ...

Dietary habits are often considered as a pathogenic factor for fatty liver. The impact of dietary intake and steatosis on drug metabolism remains poorly investigated. Our aim was to assess the effect of dietary intake on in vivo cytochrome P450 (CYP) activities in eleven patients with abnormal liver function tests ...

Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is characterized by arteriosclerosis and lower extremity ischemia which cause intermittent claudication. Patients grouped in the Fontaine stage II have more than 75% organic stenosis in their large coronary arteries and exhibit a number of alterations in blood coagulation and plasma lipids. The aim of this ...

The notion that dietary factors may influence rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been a part of the folklore of the disease, but scientific support for this has been sparse. In a controlled, single-blind trial we tested the effect of fasting for 7-10 d, then consuming an individually adjusted, gluten-free, vegan diet ...

Concern has been raised about the nutritional adequacy of a very low protein diet (VLPD). Monthly clinical evaluation by a physician and dietitian and quarterly dietary records, anthropometric measurements, blood testing, and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) were used to assess the course of nutritional status for 1 year in ...

The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) clinical trial demonstrated that a diet that emphasizes fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products, includes whole grains, nuts, fish, and poultry, and is reduced in fats, red meats, sweets, and sugar-containing beverages can be highly effective in lowering blood pressure. The National High ...

Low protein diets have been used for a long time in the conservative management of chronic renal failure as they have a beneficial effect in preventing the appearance of symptoms. However, with the exception of the beneficial effect on hyperphosphatemia of the very low protein diets supplemented with ketoacids, they ...

BACKGROUND: Patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD) show significant disturbances in short-chain fatty acid pattern. In the present study five more microflora-associated characteristics (MACs) were investigated before and after administration of an enema containing faecal microflora from a healthy person on a Western diet. METHODS: The functions of the microflora were ...