Glucose and lipid metabolism in pancreatic islet organs is poorly characterized. In the present study, using as a model the carnivorous rainbow trout, a glucose-intolerant fish, we assessed mRNA expression levels of several genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism (including ATP-citrate lyase; carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 isoforms, CPT; the mitochondrial isoform ...

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer has a natural history of several decades; therefore, the diet consumed decades before diagnosis may aid in understanding this malignancy. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate diet during adolescence and 10 y before baseline (ages 40-61 y) in relation to colorectal cancer. DESIGN: Participants in the NIH-AARP ...

The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma in humans is increasing more rapidly than any other malignancy in the United States. Animal studies have demonstrated the efficacy of freeze-dried berry supplementation on carcinogen-induced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in rats; however, no such studies have been done in esophagoduodenal anastomosis (EDA), an animal ...

OBJECTIVES:: Obesity is associated with increased pancreatic cancer risk, although the mechanisms have yet to be detailed. This study aimed to elucidate promotion of pancreatic cancer by obesity and hyperlipidemia. METHODS:: Six-week-old female Syrian golden hamsters were treated with N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP) and after 1 week were fed a high-fat diet ...

Current research was conducted to estimate heritability and genetic correlations for carcass composition and fat deposition in Japanese quail at 42 and 91 d of age. Studied traits were BW at 42 and 91 d of age (BW42, BW91), carcass weight and percentage, breast meat weight and percentage, thigh weight ...

We report 9 patients with pleural biopsies referred because of concern about infiltration of what appeared to be chest wall fat by pan-keratin-positive spindled cells, a finding that led to a consideration of desmoplastic mesothelioma. All patients showed pleural effusions/pleural thickening on computed tomographic scan. Pleural biopsy showed a greatly ...

Cocoa is a rich source of bioactive compounds with potential chemopreventive ability but up to date its effectiveness in animal models of colon carcinogenesis has not been addressed. Herein, we investigated the in vivo effect of a cocoa-rich diet in the prevention of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon cancer and the mechanisms ...

Investigating the association between dietary factors and mammographic density (MD) could shed light on the relationship between diet and breast cancer risk. We took advantage of a national mammographic screening program to study the association between intake of nutrients and MD. In this study, we analyzed data of 2,252 postmenopausal ...

AIMS: To develop a rat model of atherosclerosis-induced chronic bladder ischemia and investigate the effect of chronic bladder ischemia on voiding behavior and bladder function. METHODS: Adult male rats were divided into three groups. The arterial injury (AI) group underwent endothelial injury of the iliac arteries and received a 2% ...

We aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary saturated fat on fasting triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol levels, and any mediation of this relationship by dietary carbohydrate intake. Men and women in the NHLBI Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study (n = 1036, mean age ± SD = ...

We evaluated a novel stearic-acid-complexed-high-amylose-cornstarch (SAC) for the prevention of preneoplastic lesions in the colon of azoxymethane (AOM)-treated Fisher344 rats fed resistant starches at 50-55% of the diet for 8 weeks. Uncooked-SAC (r-SAC) diet was compared with raw-normal-cornstarch-diet (r-CS) or raw-high-amylose-cornstarch-diet (r-HA), and water-boiled-CS (w-CS) was compared with w-HA and ...

Background/Aims: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of development of colonic adenomatous polyps and colorectal cancer. However, the influence of obesity on the development of advanced colon polyps is not clear. We examined the relationship between advanced colon polyps and obesity in health check-up subjects in Korea. Methodology: A ...

Blood sugar is an essential energy source for growth and development and is maintained at a constant level through precise regulation of formation and utilization. Sugars are produced from dietary carbohydrates by enzymatic hydrolysis in the digestive tract, which are under the homeostatic control of paracrine and prandial mechanisms in ...

The incidence of squamous cancer of the esophagus varies up to a hundredfold in different regions of the world. In Transkei, South Africa, a particularly high incidence of the disease is observed. We have previously proposed an association between a maize-rich diet and elevated levels of intragastric prostaglandin E2 production ...

In the past, attempts have been made to estimate the carbohydrate contents of preagricultural human diets. Those estimations have primarily been based on interpretations of ethnographic data of modern hunter-gatherers. In this study, it was hypothesized that diets of modern hunter-gatherers vary in their carbohydrate content depending on ecoenvironments. Thus, ...

PURPOSE: Enteric colonization with Oxalobacter formigenes, a bacterium whose main energy source is oxalate, has been demonstrated to decrease the risk of recurrent calcium oxalate kidney stone formation. We assessed the impact of diets controlled in calcium and oxalate contents on urinary and fecal analytes in healthy subjects who were ...

Aim: Altered lipid profile patterns have been associated with malignancies because lipids play a pivotal role in the maintenance of cell integrity. The present study evaluated alterations in serum lipid profile in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients as well as its association with the habit of tobacco consumption. Materials and ...

Rather than being an inevitable consequence of age, cognitive decline can occur with marked variation among individuals. In this context, nutrition is one factor that is believed to be influential. When considering the potential role of diet, two factors need to be considered. First, cognitive or brain reserve is said ...

Atopic dermatitis, a chronic disease with no cure, currently affects almost one-fifth of the population of industrialized nations. Treatment can be challenging for physicians and patients alike. Children are commonly affected, making it even more difficult to find safe therapeutic options, especially in severe disease. Interest in diet and nutrition ...

At present, Singapore health authorities are deliberating nutrition labeling and regulations to reduce trans-fat in the food supply. This paper reviews the case for enacting nutrition policies to reduce population trans-fat intake in Singapore. It further proposes a decision-making framework that may inform other jurisdictions in assessing the merits of ...

The preterm intestine is immature and responds differently to total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and enteral nutrition, compared with the term intestine. We hypothesised that in preterms, diet composition and feeding route affect mucosal morphology, enterocyte mitosis and apoptosis, and the distribution of laminin-1, fibronectin and collagen IV (extracellular matrix proteins ...

Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), the red flour beetle, is a common cosmopolitan pest exploiting a variety of stored products. We experimentally manipulated diet nutritional quality by using non-nutritive filler to examine how this influenced pheromone production and olfactory attractiveness of T. castaneum adult males. Volatiles released by individual males ...

Nutritional intervention in uremia, specifically the restricted protein diet, has been under debate for decades. The results of various clinical trials have not been concordant, as some studies have reported positive effects of the low-protein diets, whereas others have shown no benefit. Recently published data show that the restricted protein ...

Nutrition logos have received a great deal of attention to stimulate people to eat a healthier diet. However, very little is known neither about actual consumption behavior related to nutrition logos nor about potential compensatory eating behaviors due to nutrition logos. The aim of this study was to assess the ...

Optimal nutritional status is imperative for growth, development, immune function, and bone health. Patients with thalassemia are known to have poor growth, altered puberty, and immune function as well as reduced bone mineral acquisition. The etiology of these comorbidites is typically ascribed to the toxic effects of transfusion-related iron-overload. Recently, ...

Many nutrients are essential for life, and an adequate amount of nutrients in the diet is necessary for providing energy, building and maintaining body organs, and for various metabolic processes. The role of food in the induction of various skin disorders and skin diseases leading to nutritional deficiencies is well ...

Keloids are the result of a dysfunctional scarring process that leads to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix in susceptible individuals, causing them physical, psychological, and social discomfort. Many studies have investigated various aspects of keloid physiopathology; however, the relationship between dietary components and keloids has not received much attention. The ...

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of visual loss in older adults, has limited therapeutic options. This review describes the current literature on the role of nutritional supplementation in primary and secondary prevention of AMD. Many observational studies have explored the association between diet, nutrient intake, and AMD. In ...

Many people suffer from fibromyalgia (FM) without an effective treatment. They do not have a good quality of life and cannot maintain normal daily activity. Among the different hypotheses for its ethiopathophysiology, oxidative stress is one of the possibilities. Non-scientific information addressed to patients regarding the benefits of nutrition is ...

It has been reported that there is an association between pancreatic cancer and obesity, impaired glucose metabolism and diabetes based on excess dietary fat and sugar intakes. A number of studies have suggested that a high-fat diet increases development of carcinomas in various organs and possible risk factors for pancreatic ...

The purpose of this study was to observe early lesions of rat epiphyseal plates and metaphysis caused by T-2 toxin and T-2 toxin combined with a low nutrition diet to determine possible pathogenic factors of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD). Ninety Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Group A was fed ...

A phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diet is the mainstay of phenylketonuria (PKU) treatment, and, in recent years, the nutritional management of PKU has become more complex in order to optimize patients' growth, development and diet compliance. Dietary restriction of Phe creates a diet similar to a vegan diet, and many of the ...

BACKGROUND: Algae are commonly consumed in Asia and have also gained popularity in Europe. However, data on the bioavailability of their components are limited. The present study was designed to determine the composition of Ulva rigida and the effects of inclusion of 10% of the algae in a standard diet ...

This study compared the effects of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) by central vein with or without fat provided at maintenance energy requirement on fatty acid metabolism, de novo lipogenesis, and the risk of hepatic and systemic inflammation in rats. Study 1 was conducted in 2 groups: high glucose (HG), where ...

Moringa oleifera Lam (horseradish tree; tender pod or fruits) has been consumed as a vegetable and utilized as a major ingredient of healthy Thai cuisine. Previous studies have shown that M. oleifera pod extracts act as bifunctional inducers along with displaying antioxidant properties and also inhibiting skin papillomagenesis in mice. ...

AIM: We evaluated histologically the differences in the healing of cutaneous wounds on nourished or undernourished rats following laser phototherapy (LPT) (20 or 40 J/cm2). BACKGROUND: Wound healing occurs due to a competitive mechanism between the synthesis and lysis of collagen. Any factor that increases the lysis or reduces the ...

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the rs9939609 (T/A) gene variant in fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) on body weight changes after 3 years and its modification by a randomized nutritional intervention with a Mediterranean-style diet in a population of subjects at high ...

This is a short synopsis of the importance of nutrition and disease, which is especially centered on the achievements concerning renal diseases. With regard to renal nutrition, the paper analyzes the contributions of Beale, Peters and van Slyke, Addis, and Borst, and discusses the advent of the Giordano-Giovannetti diet and ...

Dry-cured ham is a traditional product with a strong presence in markets in the Mediterranean area. It is very popular with European consumers and is of enormous economic importance for the meat industry in the Mediterranean area. Although the great palatability of ham largely outweighs other considerations, aspects relating to ...

Pediatric nutritional deficiencies are associated not only with poverty and developing countries, but also in children in the developed world who adhere to restricted diets. At times, these diets are medically necessary, such as the gluten-free diet for management of celiac disease or exclusion diets in children with food allergies. ...

The need to develop standardized diets to support zebrafish (Danio rerio) research is supported by the knowledge that specific dietary ingredients, nutrients, or antinutritional factors in diets have been shown to affect development and growth of adult D. rerio and their offspring. In this study, there were seven dietary treatments ...

Research over the last 5 years has firmly established that learning and memory abilities, as well as mood, can be influenced by diet, although the mechanisms by which diet modulates mental health are not well understood. One of the brain structures associated with learning and memory, as well as mood, ...

OBJECTIVE: Although teachers are the key participants in health-promoting schools (HPS) programme delivery, it is still unknown whether teachers are appropriate health information resources and role models for students with respect to healthy diets. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of implementing HPS programmes on teachers' nutrition knowledge ...

Tailoring individualizes information to the receiver and provides a potential strategy for improving dietary intakes. The present systematic review summarizes evidence for the long-term (> or =6 months) effectiveness of tailored nutrition education for adults and includes priority population groups. Key electronic databases and relevant bibliographies were searched for trials ...

Although previous studies have shown successful treatment of persistent diarrhea (PD) with the use of yogurt-based diets, some recent ones speculate the need of special formulas for the nutritional management of PD complicated cases. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the consumption of 3 lactose-free diets, with ...

Stored fat can be informative about the relative age of an ant, its nutritional status, and the nutritional status of the colony. Several methods are available for the quantification of stored fat. Before starting a project involving fat extraction, investigators should weigh the advantages and disadvantages of different methods in ...

Underweight and specific nutrient deficiencies are frequent in adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In addition, a significant number of children with IBD, especially Crohn's disease (CD) have impaired linear growth. Nutrition has an important role in the management of IBD. In adults with CD, enteral nutrition (EN) is ...

BACKGROUND: The management of Type V hypertriglyceridaemia at some centres involves the use of a very low fat diet (15% energy as fat). There is no published research examining compliance with, or nutritional adequacy, of this treatment. This study assesses the nutritional adequacy of the diet and examines barriers and ...

The focus of this article is nutritional strategies for weight loss. Following a review of general nutritional principles, the evidence behind specific nutritional weight-loss strategies is presented. These strategies include nutritional supplements, nutrient-limited diets, and energy-limited diets. A brief discussion of nutritional considerations relevant to other weight-loss strategies--pharmacologic, surgical, and ...

This study evaluated the nutritional quality of home-made enteral diets and their effect on growth parameters. Thirty pediatric patients receiving only homemade enteral diets were enrolled. Samples of milk-based (MB) and soup-based (SP) feeds were taken for chemical analyses. The children's anthropometric indexes were assessed. In the MB, the measured ...