OBJECTIVE: To determine whether intestinal dimensions and nutrient absorption are influenced by different types of dietary fiber. ANIMALS: 10 adult Beagles of both sexes. PROCEDURE: Dogs were randomly assigned to 2 groups and fed a diet with fermentable fibers (beet pulp and oligofructose) or a nonfermentable fiber (cellulose) for 6 ...

Campestanol (24-methyl-5alpha-cholestan-3beta-ol) is a naturally occurring plant stanol, structurally similar to cholesterol (5-cholesten-3beta-ol) and widely distributed in vegetable oils consumed in human diets. We measured the absorption and turnover of campestanol by the plasma dual-isotope ratio method and mathematical analysis of specific activity versus time decay curves after simultaneous oral ...

The use of glutamine (GLN) and growth hormone (GH) improves intestinal adaptation in short bowel syndrome (SBS). The present study aimed to assess the effect of a diet rich in glutamine and the use of GH on intestinal adaptation in experimental SBS. 80 Wistar rats (240 g) were randomized into ...

The oral administration of etoposide has erratic absorption and low bioavailability. P-glycoprotein (Pgp) located in the intestinal brush-border membrane may pump out orally absorbed etoposide and thus decrease etoposide's absorption. Since flavonoids are abundant in food, we speculated that the common natural rodent diet may contain some flavonoid-related constituents which ...

BACKGROUND: Polyamines are essential for cell growth. Dietary and probably gut bacterial derived polyamines contribute significantly to the polyamine body pool. AIMS: To evaluate the influence of dietary, luminal polyamines on growth and development of different gastrointestinal organs in normally growing rats. METHODS: Male suckling Wistar rats were randomly allocated ...

BACKGROUND: Intestinal resection stimulates the synthesis and release of gastrointestinal peptides that regulate the growth and adaptation of the mucosa. Luminal nutrients are necessary for optimal proliferation and glutamine is the preferential nutrient to the small bowel. The interplay between glutamine and regulatory peptides could be important in treating short ...

BACKGROUND: Certain lipids, primarily long chain fatty acids and especially long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) from marine oils, stimulate gut adaptation after resection. The goal of this study was to define the degree of resection that provides an optimal model for adaptation and to determine if dietary LCPUFAs improve ...

Changes in the activity of enzymes involved in oxidative metabolism of glutamine, and in protein content, in the epithelial tissue along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of growing pigs exposed to nivalenol (NIV) in the diet were investigated. The epithelial tissue was taken from the stomach, small intestine and colon of ...

Viscous polysaccharides reduce intestinal absorption of glucose and diminish postprandial hyperglycemia. However, it is unknown whether viscous fiber also inhibits absorption of nutrients under conditions of enteric feeding. Therefore, we measured the absorption rates of nutrients in miniature pigs by perfusing a 150-cm length of jejunum with 8.37 kJ/min of ...

In four mini pigs a segment of the proximal jejunum was temporarily isolated and perfused with two enteral diets containing isocaloric amounts either of glucose or maltodextrin. With regard to total energy, the diets were composed of 60% carbohydrate, 20% protein and 20% fat. The perfusion rates were 1, 2, ...

Gut-associated lymphoid tissue is the major inductive site of the mucosal immune system, which is functionally independent of the systemic immune system. Both the amount and type of dietary fat modulate intestinal immune function. Absorption of long-chain fatty acids stimulates lymphocyte flux and lymphocyte blastogenesis in intestinal lymphatics. Long-chain fatty ...

Ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG) has been advocated in the treatment of critically ill patients for its anabolic effect on protein metabolism. Since OKG is a precursor of glutamine, arginine, and polyamines, key substrates of intestinal metabolism and function, we investigated the influence of OKG on intestinal adaptation and trophicity and on ...

To examine the efficacy of psyllium mucilloid in evacuating sand from the equine large intestine. 12 clinically healthy pony geldings. Twelve ponies were assigned to 2 groups of six each. One group was treated with psyllium and the second was a control group. All ponies had an exploratory celiotomy and ...

BACKGROUND: In gastrectomized rats intestinal calcium absorption and bone calcium levels markedly decrease and the levels recover as a result of feeding fructooligosaccharides (FOS). In the present study we examined the effects of gastrectomy and dietary FOS on intestinal calbindin-D9k (CaBP) levels. METHODS: One group of rats was subjected to ...

To improve the absorbability of phenytoin (DPH), a prodrug, N-acetyl-DPH (EDPH), was synthesized, and the absorptive characteristics and pharmacokinetics of the prodrug were evaluated in rats. EDPH was rapidly hydrolyzed to DPH in the intestinal fluid and the mucosa (rate constant, 0.055 and 0.169 min(-1), respectively). The plasma concentrations of ...

We reported in the previous paper that rats fed a curdlan diet showed significant increases in the weight of the cecum and its contents, a decrease in fecal wet weight, a retardation in the transit time of the gastrointestinal tract and morphological changes of the ileal and cecal mucosal surface ...

The objective of this investigation was to determine the influence of weanling caloric restriction on the expression of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) in the liver and intestine and on the levels of IgA in the blood and intestinal secretions. Male C57BL/6J mice were allocated to a zero-time control group ...

Our previous study (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1393 (1998) 336-348, this issue) found that dietary hydroperoxides of trilinoleoylglycerol were broken down, releasing linoleic acid hydroperoxides (LA-OOH) in the stomach without reaching the intestines. The present paper describes the catabolic fate of LA-OOH in rat gastrointestines, in an attempt to elucidate those ...

Glutamine represents the principal metabolic substrate for all rapidly proliferating cells. Since part of the glutamine efficacy could be related to immunoregulating properties, we assessed the effects of orally administered glutamine on serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels and intestinal T-cell populations in 48 athymic (nude) mice. Twenty-four mice received a standard ...

The nutritional benefits of lactic acid bacteria in fermented dairy products have been well documented, especially in terms of weight gain and feed efficiency, but not in terms of small intestine adaptation. The effects of a diet supplemented (30% wt/wt) with milk fermented either by Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 or ...

BACKGROUND: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) results in hypercholesterolemia which is attributed to increased production and decreased removal of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins. Adjustments in intestinal absorption are reportedly involved in cholesterol homeostasis. We, therefore, studied the intestinal absorption and biliary excretion of cholesterol in NS. METHODS: We studied intestinal absorption (by in vivo ...

The effect of famotidine, an H2 receptor blocker, on the oral absorption and pharmacokinetics of the novel agent vesnarinone was investigated after oral administration of 60 mg vesnarinone with and without pretreatment with intravenous famotidine. The single-blind, randomized, two-way crossover study was conducted in 12 volunteers, with a washout period ...

Reports on the effects of cholestyramine on small intestinal structure of rats have produced contradictory data about changes in mucosal histomorphometry, perhaps due to interacting effects of dietary composition. In order to identify effects of cholestyramine and diet on structure of the small intestines, 40 male rats were divided into ...

BACKGROUND: Recent studies indicate that faecal pH is acidified in patients with inflammatory bowel disease compared with healthy controls. In healthy volunteers, stool pH, faecal flora, and bile acid concentration could be affected by means of elemental diets. AIMS: To assess the role of variations of faecal pH on leucocyte ...

To test the hypothesis that maternal dietary glucose restriction throughout pregnancy and lactation would perturb glucose transporter (GLUT) protein levels in offspring, isoenergetic diets containing graded levels of glucose (0, 12, 24 and 60%) were fed to pregnant rats and their offspring from gestation day (gd) 0 through postnatal day ...

BACKGROUND: Short-gut syndrome is likely to impair enteric fat utilization. This study was undertaken to develop a clinical test of lipid absorption without fecal collection. METHODS: The absorption of enterally fed radioactive long-chain fatty acid, beta-methyl-p-(123I)-iodophenylpentadecanoic acid was investigated with continuous chyle collection in rats. The changes in excretion and ...

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of two enzyme preparations containing beta-glucanase and xylanase activities on barley- and wheat-based diets, respectively, for broilers, in combination with flavomycin. In addition, the stability of the enzyme preparations after pelleting was measured. Temperatures recorded during the pelleting process reached ...

The blood diet of the vampire bat represents an extraordinarily high ratio of protein to other nutrients and the highest water consumption per body weight of any other mammal. This bat has a unique gastrointestinal morphology that is characterized by a reduced small intestine, absence of a large intestine and ...

Dietary intake of highly polyunsaturated fats represents a major source of lipid hydroperoxides in the intestinal lumen. Under conditions of high peroxide intake, excessive concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides can persist in the gut lumen and contribute to impairment of mucosal GSH-dependent detoxication pathways, enterocyte dysfunction independent of cell injury, and ...

The digestive tolerance of cholesterol absorption inhibitors, which requires a constant improvement, was the main purpose of this study. Given the known hypocholesterolemic and antiatherosclerotic properties of some steroid glycosides, we synthesized a series of sterol derivatives by coupling some phytosterols known to interact with sterol absorption and also to ...

Intestinal resection results in loss of surface area, motor disruption, and an altered luminal milieu, all of which might influence bacterial growth. Our aim was to determine the effect of extensive intestinal resection in the dog on small intestinal bacterial flora and nutrient absorption. Ten dogs underwent 75% proximal intestinal ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The effects of parenteral growth hormone, glutamine supplementation, and a high carbohydrate-low fat (HCLF) diet on gut adaptation in short-bowel syndrome are unclear. The aim of this study was to compare effects of this treatment regimen and placebo in patients with short-bowel syndrome. METHODS: A randomized, 6-week, ...

The purpose of this study was to characterize intestinal apolipoprotein B (apoB) metabolism in subjects with familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL), where segregation analysis supports linkage to the apoB gene but no apoB truncations are present. We investigated cholesterol and fat absorption, intestinal apoB mRNA synthesis and editing, as well as apoB-48 ...

The effect of an orally administered glutamine-enriched elemental diet was examined following orthotopic small bowel allotransplantation using Brown Norway rats as donors and Lewis rats as recipients. The recipients was treated with FK 506 and randomized to receive glutamine-free elemental enteral diet solution (glutamine-free group), glutamine-enriched elemental diet solution containing ...

The objective of this study was to determine whether dietary glucose or starch would reduce the inhibitory effect of high K intake on Mg absorption in ruminants. In a 6 x 6 Latin square design, six goats were fed diets with or without added KHCO3 containing either cellulose, glucose, or ...

Four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a 90% small bowel resection. From the fourth day after surgery, they were divided into group 1 and 2, and pair-fed by elemental diets (0.8 kcal/mL, 50 mL/day) with L-arginine (n = 10) or L-glycine (n = 11) as an isonitrogenous and isoenergetic supplement for ...

The effect of olestra, a zero-calorie fat replacement, on the absorption of dietary fat was determined with a dual-isotope technique in 67 healthy male subjects. After a 30-d adaptation period in which they consumed potato chips which delivered either 10 g/d olestra or 10 g/d triglyceride under free-living conditions, the ...

Refeeding a diet initially given shortly after weaning results in a different adaptive change in the in vitro intestinal uptake of sugars and lipids than if the diet is given for the first time at a later age. This study was undertaken in rats to test the hypothesis that changes ...

The effect of orally administered IGF-I on intestinal development was assessed in piglets. Cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived piglets received formula alone or formula containing 65 nM (500 microg/L) of recombinant human IGF-I. IGF-I intake averaged 200 microg/kg/d. On d 7 and 14 postpartum, piglets were killed, organs were removed and weighed, and ...

We have investigated the possible benefits of elemental diets, especially a diet supplemented with L-glutamine, on maintenance of intestinal absorptive function in rat small intestine damaged by 5-fluorouracil. Although a standard rat diet sustained better body growth in control rats, each of the elemental diets and the diet containing intact ...

Quercetin is a powerful antioxidant which is widely distributed in edible plants, mainly as glycosides such as rutin. It has been reported to be absorbed in mammals, but its metabolism needs further investigation to evaluate its possible physiological effects. We compared the evolution of the absorption of quercetin and rutin ...

The increase in oral availability of felodipine and other commonly used medications when taken with grapefruit juice has been assumed to be due to inhibition of CYP3A4, a cytochrome P450 that is present in liver and intestine. To evaluate the effect of repeated grapefruit juice ingestion on CYP3A4 expression, 10 ...

We investigated the effect of enteral glutamine on intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation after whole abdominal radiation in rats. Rats irradiated with 10 Gy to the abdomen were randomly divided into a glutamine-free diet group and a glutamine-rich diet (2% glutamine) group. After 3 days of feeding of each diet, ...

These studies demonstrated that intestinal mucosa of the channel catfish contained activities comparable with liver for several phase 2 xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, and showed that CYP1A-dependent monooxygenase activities were inducible in intestine but not liver by dietary exposure to low concentrations of the Ah agonist, beta-naphthoflavone (BNF). The diets administered were ...

Yellow-rumped warblers (Dendroica coronata) are one of many avian species that change their diet seasonally. Using them, we tested the predictions that uptake of D-glucose and the amino acid L-leucine will increase as dietary levels of carbohydrate and protein, respectively, are increased and that mediated uptake capacity of the entire ...

The serum cholesterol level in rats was significantly decreased in a group fed on a soyprotein peptic hydrolyzate (SPH) when compared with a group fed on a casein tryptic hydrolyzate (CTH). The fecal excretion of total steroids was significantly greater with rats fed on the SPH diet when compared with ...

Swiss mice fed commercial or elemental diets and an oral short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) solution or saline were treated with the cytostatic drug Ara-C (cytarabine, 3.6 mg/mouse/day) for two or four days. Histopathological examination revealed less damage (atrophy, inflammation, or necrosis) to the small intestine and colon caused by Ara-C ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of inulin and oligofructose on cholesterol absorption and excretion of cholesterol, bile acids, energy, nitrogen and minerals in man. DESIGN: Double-blind cross-over study. SETTING: Metabolic kitchen with policlinic visits, Sahlgrenska Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. SUBJECTS: Patients with conventional ileostomy because of ulcerative colitis. INTERVENTIONS: 7 g ...

BACKGROUND: Polyamine synthesis or uptake, or both, might be an important event that initiates the adaptive hyperplasia seen in the intestinal remnant after partial small bowel resection. AIM: The ability of an enteral diet supplemented with the ornithine salt: ornithine alpha ketoglutarate (OKG), a precursor for polyamine synthesis, to modulate ...

Insulinlike growth factor-I (IGF-I) has been found in the milk of various species. To investigate if milk-borne IGF-I has any effect on postnatal gut development in neonatal animals, newborn rat pups were given orally 1 microg recombinant human IGF-I daily for 3 days. For comparison, a separate group of newborn ...