To study the intestinal metabolism of lignans, the concentrations of plant and mammalian lignans in intestinal digesta sampled along the intestinal tract of pigs were determined by isotope dilution GC-MS. The pigs were fed rye-bread diets made from either whole rye-grains or rye-grain milling fractions enriched in pericarp-testa, aleurone or ...

BACKGROUND: Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) prevents progressive malnutrition but fails to maintain intestinal gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) or established respiratory antiviral or antibacterial mucosal immunity. Our previous work demonstrated that decreases in intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) were associated with decreases in Th2-type IgA-stimulating cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10. Because glutamine ...

In the immediate posthatch period, chicks must transfer from metabolic dependence on yolk to utilization of exogenous feed. This study describes changes in intestinal luminal pancreatic enzyme activity and mucosal uptake posthatch as influenced by feed and Na intake. Chicks with access to feed increased in BW and small intestinal ...

Intestinal atresia accounts for about one third of all cases of neonatal intestinal obstruction. The survival rate has improved to 90% in most of the series with the operative mortality being < 1%. The survival rate improves with distal atresias. An increased mortality is observed in multiple atresias (57%), apple ...

Dietary short-chain fructooligosaccharides (Sc-FOS) increase mucosal calbindin-D9k (CaBP) levels in the large intestine whereas levels in the small intestine are decreased in rats. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism by which Sc-FOS induce this increase in CaBP in the large intestine by measuring intestinal CaBP levels in rats ...

Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), an intestinal product of glucagon gene expression which induces intestinal growth in mice, has been proposed as a treatment for intestinal insufficiency. GLP-2 is metabolized extensively by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) in rats, but less is known about its fate in humans. Therefore, GLP-2 metabolism was investigated ...

Triglycerides and cholesterol are important biological lipids, and their excessive intake in the diet is relevant to the development of two prevalent cardiovascular risk factors, obesity and hypercholesterolemia. Because most lipids are essentially water-insoluble molecules, their transport within and absorption from the aqueous medium of intestinal contents is rather complex. ...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of growth hormone on proliferative activity of the residual small intestinal mucosa after massive small intestinal resection and to evaluate the clinical efficacy of bowel rehabilitative therapy for short bowel syndrome. METHODS: Small intestinal mucosa proliferative activity were compared in rats from control group (sham ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study was undertaken to compare the effect of different key nutrients on lymphocyte subsets of Peyer's patches (PP) and spleen in endotoxemic mice. METHODS: Female Balb/c mice were fed over a period of 10 days either with an isocaloric and isonitrogenous control diet (Control), a glutamine ...

BACKGROUND: High dose growth hormone, glutamine, and a high carbohydrate diet may improve intestinal function in short bowel patients. AIMS: To investigate if growth hormone with glutamine and no change in diet improved intestinal function. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eight short bowel patients were randomised in a double blind crossover study ...

High-fat diets are essential in suckling animals to ensure adequate calories for postnatal growth, but their lymphatic transport of dietary lipids has not been characterized. We established a lymph fistula model in suckling rats to quantify intestinal uptake and lymphatic transport of dietary lipids and analyzed lipoprotein fractions. Suckling 19-day-old ...

BACKGROUND: The effects of proximal small-bowel resection on absorption and synthesis of cholesterol are unclear. METHODS: To study cholesterol absorption and synthesis after proximal gut resections of variable length, plasma plant sterols, cholestanol, and cholesterol precursors were measured 1 and 2 months after 50% and 75% proximal small-bowel resection or ...

Acamprosate (calcium bis acetyl-homotaurine), a homotaurine derivative, a structural analogue of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and an upper homologue of taurine, is a relatively new drug used to prevent relapse in weaned alcoholics. When administered orally as enteric-coated tablets at relatively high doses, this drug has a bioavailability of about 11%; ...

Previous studies suggested that dietary composition affected glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in catfish intestine, and this activity varied along the intestine. In this study, catfish were fed a semi-purified diet or a commercial chow for at least 2 weeks. GST activity, percent protein cross-reacting with anti-catfish GST pi antibody, and ...

BACKGROUND: Parenterally nourished preterm infants commonly receive minimal enteral feedings, the aim being to enhance intestinal function. Whether this regimen increases intestinal growth has not been established. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine the minimal enteral nutrient intakes necessary to stimulate and to normalize neonatal intestinal growth. METHODS: Intestinal growth ...

BACKGROUND: Steatorrhoea is associated with increased faecal loss of calcium and magnesium. Medium chain C8-C10 triglycerides (MCTs) improve fat absorption in patients with small bowel resections but the effects on intestinal absorption of divalent cations are not clear. AIM: To assess the effect of dietary replacement of long chain triglycerides ...

Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the blood and plays a key role in the response of the small intestine to systemic injuries. Mucosal atrophy is an important phenomenon that occurs in some types of clinical injury, such as states of severe undernutrition. Glutamine has been shown to ...

Soluble fibers such as guar gum (GG) may exert cholesterol-lowering effects. It is generally accepted that bile acid (BA) reabsorption in portal blood is reduced, thus limiting the capacity of BA to down-regulate liver cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme of BA synthesis. In the present work, rats were adapted to ...

Although it is well known that the intestinal tract has a high metabolic rate, the substrates that are used to generate the necessary energy remain poorly established, especially in fed animals. Under fed conditions, the quantification of substrate used by the gut is complicated by the fact that potential oxidative ...

Groups of fresh- and seawater-adapted Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed diets with (SBM diet) or without (control diet) extracted soybean meal (30% of protein substituted with SBM) for 3 weeks. Average fish size per group ranged from 597 to 1763 g. One tank ...

BACKGROUND: Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is a potent mitogen and may be of value for the treatment of conditions such as short bowel syndrome and chemotherapy-induced mucositis. However the most efficacious route and method of administration is unclear. METHODS: Rats maintained by total parenteral nutrition (TPN) were given KGF (1 ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between calculated vibration dose and the measured absorption of vibration power in the human hand, as well as the measured grip and feed forces applied by the subjects. METHODS: The study was carried out with 10 healthy subjects. A ...

PURPOSE: Treatment of short bowel syndrome (SBS) can be difficult; this study examines the effect of parental administration of different peptide hormones in a rat model of SBS. METHODS: Juvenile male Lewis rats (220 to 240 g) underwent resection of the proximal 90% of small bowel and were assigned randomly ...

The rhamnogalacturonan-II dimer (dRG-II) forms strong complexes in vitro with lead (Pb) and other selected cations. We examined the in vivo bioavailability of Pb complexed with dRG-II and the effect of unleaded dRG-II on the intestinal absorption and tissue retention of Pb in rats. Forty male Wistar rats were divided ...

Eur. Sci. Conf. Bioactive Micronutrients in Mediterranean Diet and Health. Rome, 23 - 25 March 2000. COST 916 Action, 55

Noninvasive assessment of intestinal permeability in vivo is based on the measurement of urinary excretion of orally administered sugar probes. It is expressed as a ratio, usually lactulose/rhamnose or 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (3-OMG)/rhamnose. In both endotoxemic and control rats that were receiving fluid, we observed an increase in the recovery of lactulose ...

Plasma glutamine turnover was determined using 1-14C-labeled glutamine in rats that consumed crystalline amino acid diets containing the equivalent of 16% protein with 25% of the amino acids as glutamine or a control diet containing no glutamine (or glutamate) for 10 days. Glutamine turnover in glutamine-fed animals was 66% of ...

The ontogenetic development of intestinal digestive functions for avian species other than the domesticated chicken are not well documented. Therefore, this study was conducted to resolve the developmental patterns of some intestinal digestive functions in White Pekin ducks. The ducks were killed and their intestines harvested when they were 1, ...

There is evidence that glutathione conjugates are the major metabolites formed following systemic uptake of carcinogenic contaminants from the intestine. The effect of commercial diet versus a semi-purified diet on the distribution of glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was examined in proximal, medial, and distal sections of catfish intestine. The bulk ...

BACKGROUND: Bacterial translocation (BT) plays a major role in the pathophysiological process of spontaneous infections in portal hypertension (PH) and cholestatic jaundice. The major mechanisms promoting BT in experimental animal models are the disruption of the intestinal ecological equilibrium and disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier. The enzymes xanthine dehydrogenase ...

The activities of catalase, polyamine oxidase, diamine oxidase, ornithine decarboxylase, and peroxisomal beta-oxidation were assayed in homogenates from liver and small intestinal mucosa of rats which had been fed either a diet very low in polyamines or a diet containing five times the levels of dietary polyamines (putrescine, spermine, and ...

In a study of the rat intestinal P(i) transport system, an activator protein for rat Na/P(i) co-transport system (PiUS) was isolated and characterized. We also investigated the effects of restriction of vitamin D and P(i) (two of the most important physiological and pathophysiological regulators of P(i) absorption in the small ...

We addressed the question whether the type of anion in potassium salts affects magnesium absorption and the transmural potential difference by using wethers (n = 8) fed a control diet and diets supplemented with equimolar amounts of KHCO(3), KCl or K-citrate according to a Latin-square design. The control diet contained ...

Diets containing genetically modified (GM) potatoes expressing the lectin Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) had variable effects on different parts of the rat gastrointestinal tract. Some effects, such as the proliferation of the gastric mucosa, were mainly due to the expression of the GNA transgene. However, other parts of the construct ...

The fluorescent cholesterol analog 22-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-23,24-bisnor-5-cholen-3beta-ol (fluoresterol) was characterized as a tool for exploring the biochemistry and cell biology of intestinal cholesterol absorption. Hamsters absorbed fluoresterol in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with an efficiency of about 15-30% that of cholesterol. Fluoresterol absorption was blocked by compounds known to inhibit ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine, in a rat model of fat malabsorption, the potency of the carbon 13-labeled mixed triglyceride ((13)C-MTG) breath test as a noninvasive, patient-friendly replacement for classic fat balance studies. Study design: Comparison of the percentage of fat absorption, detected by fat balance, with the (13)CO(2) recovery of the ...

Previous work in our laboratory has demonstrated that bacterial adherence alone to the intestinal epithelium, as occurs following catabolic stress, significantly perturbs the normal electrophysiology of the cecal mucosa. The aim of this study was to further characterize these effects in the mouse cecum following hepatectomy and short-term starvation, and ...

The effect of orally administered insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on small intestinal structure and function was studied in 5-day-old colostrum-deprived piglets. Human recombinant IGF-I (3.5 mg. kg(-1). day(-1)) or control vehicle was given orogastrically for 4 days. Body weights, jejunal and ileal mucosa wet and dry weights, and serum IGF-I ...

The strong association between intestinal cholesterol absorption and total plasma cholesterol level has renewed interest in the absorptive process and stimulated the generation of new animal models. Increasingly, new studies suggest that cholesterol absorption is genetically controlled and supports a protein-mediated mechanism for cholesterol uptake into the intestinal mucosal cell. ...

BACKGROUND: Fat malabsorption in the short-bowel syndrome (SBS) may in part be caused by decreased bile secretion. Cholylsarcosine is a synthetic conjugated bile acid resistant to bacterial degradation with no cathartic activity. METHODS: Metabolic balance studies were performed in four patients with SBS, two with a colon and two with ...

BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factor- plays an important role in small intestine development. The presence of insulin-like growth factor-1 and the complexity of the fatty acid composition in breast milk suggests that intestinal development may be influenced by manipulating the levels of these components. METHODS: To determine whether a physiological dose ...

The objective of this work was to determine the effects of starvation and refeeding on growth, nutritional recovery and intestinal repair in starved rats. Male Wistar rats, weighing 200 g, were starved for 3 d, then refed a soy-based diet for another 3 d. Normally fed rats were given the ...

When rats are maintained on high-fat diets, digestive processes adapt to provide for more efficient digestion and absorption of this nutrient. Furthermore, rats fed high-fat diets tend to consume more calories and gain more weight than rats on a low-fat diet. We hypothesized that, in addition to adaptation of digestive ...

BACKGROUND: To restore intestinal integrity after starvation and trauma, luminal nutrients are essential. Specific nutrients such as glutamine support mucosal proliferation and energy metabolism. The aim of this study was to compare effects of enteral formula vs specific amino acids on ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and adenine nucleotide metabolism in ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the regional absorption characteristics of the distal gut using two markers of permeability, quinine (a transcellular probe) and 51CrEDTA (a paracellular probe). METHODS: The permeability markers were delivered to the undisturbed gastrointestinal tract in 39 healthy volunteers using an oral timed-release delivery vehicle which allowed pulsed release ...

Although largely unproven in humans, better resistance to pathogens, reduction in blood lipids, antitumor properties, hormonal regulation and immune stimulation may all be possible through gut microflora manipulation. One approach advocates the oral intake of live microorganisms (probiotics). Although the probiotic approach has been extensively used and advocated, survivability/viability after ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of glutamine-supplemented and glutamine-free amino acid-based purified diets, compared with a dry expanded diet, on intestinal structure and function in a model that used cats with methotrexate-induced enteritis. ANIMALS: 18 adult specific-pathogen-free cats. PROCEDURE: 12 cats were given intragastric feedings of an amino acid-based purified diet ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the effects of new enteral foods on the adaptation of the gut mucosa after massive intestinal resection in rats. DESIGN: Laboratory experiment. SETTING: Teaching hospital, Spain. SUBJECTS: 91 male Wistar rats, 69 of which were studied (5 were excluded and 17 died). INTERVENTIONS: Previously undernourished rats were ...

The study was conducted to elucidate the effects of orally administered indigestible saccharides (IDS) on immunoresponses of the intestinal tracts, especially secretion and excretion of immunoglobulin A (IgA). Male 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing several kinds of IDS (cellulose, corn husk, glucomannan, curdlan and lactulose) at 5% for ...

BACKGROUND: Commercial enteral diets differ widely in nutrient composition. It is unknown whether the nutrient composition of the diets influences intestinal absorption. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different enteral diets providing 60% of energy as carbohydrate, protein, or fat or 33.3% of energy ...