The objective of this study was to determine the effects of age and diet on intestinal morphology and large bowel fermentative end-product concentrations in healthy dogs. Small intestinal villus width, height, and area, and small intestinal and colonic crypt depth were measured. Large bowel digesta samples were analyzed for ammonia, ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Ghrelin is a peptide mainly secreted in stomach with a potent growth hormone releasing activity both in vitro and in vivo. The trophic mucosal effect of an enriched protein diet may be related with ghrelin and growth hormone plasma levels since peptides from the somatotrophic axis are ...

We investigated the intestinal absorption enhancing effect of the saponins from the root bark of Aralia elata (SRBAE) in Caco-2 cell monolayers and rats. SRBAE at concentrations of 0.04% and 0.08% (w/v) decreased the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values and increased the paracellular uptake of chondroitin sulfates (CSs) having different ...

Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is the structural protein of the filamentous coat that decorates the cytoplasmic surface of each caveola. Cell culture studies have implicated CAV1 in playing an important role in intracellular cholesterol trafficking. In addition, it has been reported that CAV1 forms a detergent-resistant protein complex with Annexin-2 in enterocytes ...

To determine the effects of delayed access to feed on intestinal villus development, bacterial translocation, and salmonella attachment potential in turkey poults, poults were given ad libitum access to water and feed immediately after hatch (FED) or were delayed access to water and feed for 48 h (DLY). In experiment ...

Molecular techniques were used to investigate the composition and ontogenetic development of the intestinal bacterial community in the marine herbivorous fish Kyphosus sydneyanus from the north eastern coast of New Zealand. Previous work showed that K. sydneyanus maintains an exclusively algivorous diet throughout post-settlement life and passes through an ontogenetic ...

CD36 mediates the transfer of fatty acids (FAs) across the plasma membranes of muscle and adipose cells, thus playing an important role in regulating peripheral FA metabolism in vivo. In the proximal intestine, CD36 is localized in abundant quantities on the apical surface of epithelial cells, a pattern similar to ...

High density lipoprotein (HDL) has been shown to play an important role in the dietary lipid mobilisation in the carp. In spite of this, previous studies have failed to demonstrate the synthesis of the major protein component of HDL, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), in the proximal intestine of the carp. Therefore, ...

The presence of TAG hydroperoxides in the epithelial cells of the small intestines in growing pigs was studied after they had consumed a diet rich in either nonoxidized or oxidized sunflower seed oil (PV in oils, 1 and 190 mequiv O2/kg, respectively). To obtain molecular-level information on the oxidized TAG ...

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine if dietary gangliosides induce changes in the ganglioside content of intestinal mucosa, plasma and brain and to identify where GM3 and GD3 are localized in the enterocyte membrane. METHODS: Male 18-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a semipurified diet containing 20% (w/w) ...

In search of substances replacing antibiotics as growth promoters for farm animals, non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) or non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) have been proposed as possible alternatives. In this context, the influence of galactomannans on bacteriological and morphological aspects of the gastrointestinal tract in weanling pigs was investigated. Four groups of five ...

There is now a general consensus that the intestinal absorption of water-insoluble, dietary lipids is protein-mediated, but the assignment of protein(s) to this function is still a matter of debate. To address this issue, we measured beta-carotene and cholesterol absorption in wild-type and SR-BI knockout mice and the uptake of ...

Segments of small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) from slaughtered reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) grazing natural winter pastures (n=3) and reindeer fed commercially available pellets (RF-80) in winter (n=5) were collected and immediately fixed in McDowell's fixative. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to investigate the ultrastructural features of the epithelium ...

The present study investigated the metabolic fate of dietary TAG and DAG and also their digestion products in the stomach and small intestine. A diet containing 10% TAG or DAG oil, enriched in 1,3-DAG, was fed to Wistar rats ad libitum for 9 d. After 18 h of fasting, each ...

The mucous layer that covers the intestinal absorptive surface acts as a barrier against bacterial translocation. The chicken gut contains a diverse bacterial population which interacts with the mucous layer. In this report, we studied the effect of changing the intestinal microbial populations on mucin dynamics by feeding 1-d-old chicks ...

The purpose of these studies was to determine the effects of diets containing water/alcohol extracts from soybean meal (SBM) on growth and performance, intestinal histology and specific and nonspecific immune parameters of juvenile rainbow trout. The first study evaluated seven experimental diets containing SBM, SBM after extraction, soy protein concentrate ...

Mechanisms involved in the digestion and absorption of dietary vitamin A require the participation of several proteins. Dietary retinyl esters are hydrolyzed in the intestine by the pancreatic enzyme, pancreatic triglyceride lipase, and intestinal brush border enzyme, phospholipase B. Unesterified retinol taken up by the enterocyte is complexed with cellular ...

Vegetarians may have subtle nutritional deficiencies which have been related to the occurrence of an unrecognized malabsorption syndrome. The excess phytate content in cereals, nuts, legumes and oilseeds which represent the mainstay of their food intake, seems to play a central role in the pathogenesis of this malabsorption syndrome as ...

AIMS: To determine the effect of diet acidification and an in-feed antibiotic growth promotant (Tylosin, Ty) on selected culturable bacterial populations in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: Female C57Bl mice were given a standard diet supplemented with Acid Pak (AP) or Ty in the drinking water. ...

The ability of the liver and small intestine for secretion of dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione (DNP-SG), a substrate for multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2), into bile and lumen, respectively, as well as expression of Mrp2 in both tissues, were assessed in 70-75% hepatectomized rats. An in vivo perfused intestinal model was used. A ...

Short-bowel syndrome is responsible for significant metabolic alterations that compromise nutritional status. Glutamine is considered an essential nutrient for enterocytes, so beneficial effects from supplementation of the diet with glutamine are hypothesized. PURPOSE: In this study, the effect of a diet enriched with glutamine was evaluated in rats undergoing extensive ...

The mechanisms whereby exogenous growth hormone modulates intestinal structure and function in fish were investigated. Goldfish (Carassius auratus) were fed commercial flake diet sprayed with recombinant carp growth hormone (cGH) daily for 1 month. Control animals received food sprayed with the vehicle. After 1 month of daily feedings, body mass ...

This present work was undertaken to answer two basic questions (a) is C. argentea lectin part of the general defensive strategy of the plant against predation by animals? (b) if so, how does it act on them? To achieve these goals the lectin from C. argentea seeds was purified to ...

Biochemical evidence of essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) may exist in protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). EFAD is characterised by low 18:2omega6, often in combination with low 20:4omega6 and 22:6omega3, and high 18:1omega9 and 20:3omega9. Some PEM symptoms, notably skin changes, impaired resistance to infections, impaired growth rate and disturbed development may ...

Enteric denervation and ischemic injury contribute to dysmotility and malabsorption following intestinal transplantation. We hypothesized that, by prolonging bowel transit and by ameliorating dysmotility, octreotide (OT) may improve cholesterol and bile acid absorption after jejunoileal autotransplantation. Seventeen pigs with fixed food intake underwent either jejunal transection (n = 6), or ...

Adaptation of the residual small bowel following resection is dependent on luminal and humoral factors. We aimed to establish if circulating levels of glucagon-like peptide (GLP-2) change under different dietary regimens following resection and to determine if there is a relationship between plasma GLP-2 levels and markers of intestinal adaptation. ...

This study was aimed at determining the effect of raw full-fat soybean in the digestion/absorption of broilers and to evaluate the role of soybean agglutinin (SBA) in the pathogenesis of the runting and stunting syndrome of broilers. Six broiler groups were fed with six experimental diets for 42 days in ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Intestinal adaptation after small bowel resection in humans is debated. We have quantified in adult short bowel (remnant small bowel length <2 m) patients oral intake and net digestive absorption and their evolution over time. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Oral intake and faecal output were studied over three ...

This study investigated intestinal physiology of piglets at weaning. Piglets (n = 60) weaned at 21 d were food deprived for 2 d and then tube-fed using 2 different diets (a conventional diet vs. a wheat-enriched diet). They were slaughtered at d 0, 2, 5, 8, or 15 postweaning. Jejunum, ...

BACKGROUND: Fat feeding increases the activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in the serum. The mechanism underlying this increase is unknown. Surfactant-like particles (SLP) secreted by enterocytes have been implicated in this phenomenon. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of feeding fish oil and protein synthesis inhibitors on alkaline phosphatase activity in ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of early nutritional intervention on the serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), intestinal development, and catch-up growth of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) rats by giving the IUGR new born rats different protein level diet. METHODS: IUGR rat model was ...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Small bowel transplantation impairs enteric function and causes malabsorption of cholesterol and bile acids. Growth hormone stimulates intestinal absorptive function. The authors hypothesized that long-term growth hormone therapy could improve absorption of bile acids and cholesterol after autotransplantation of the jejunoileum. METHODS: Sixteen pigs with similar food, cholesterol, and ...

Effective treatment of obesity is based on the restriction of food intake or reduction of absorption or both. The aim of this study was to study whether intestinal electric stimulation (IES) would reduce fat absorption and, thus, would be a potential therapy for obesity. Forty rats implanted with serosal electrodes ...

BACKGROUND & AIM: The mammalian lignan enterolactone (ENL) produced from plant lignans, e. g. secoisolariciresinol diglycoside (SDG), may protect against various cancers in humans. The present work aims to evaluate the effect of flaxseed on tumour formation in multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) mice, a model for colon tumorigenesis. DESIGN: Male ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The goal of the study was to facilitate fat balance measurements with an appropriate intestinal marker for the transit of dietary fat and thereby eliminate the need for complete diet and fecal collections. METHODS: Dietary fat containing 5% sucrose polybehenate was fed in a semisynthetic diet to ...

Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 (NPC1L1) is a protein localized in jejunal enterocytes that is critical for intestinal cholesterol absorption. The uptake of intestinal phytosterols and cholesterol into absorptive enterocytes in the intestine is not fully defined on a molecular level, and the role of NPC1L1 in maintaining whole body cholesterol ...

A 47-yr-old man with hepatitis B virus associated liver cirrhosis was admitted to our hospital with diarrhea and generalized edema and diagnosed as protein-losing enteropathy due to intestinal lymphangiectasia by intestinal biopsy and 99m Tc albumin scan. During hospitalization, he received subcutaneous octreotide therapy. After 2 weeks of octreotide therapy, ...

While active against Herpesviridae, oral aciclovir is limited by low and inconsistent bioavailability. Modification of aciclovir by valine esterification, producing valaciclovir, results in significant increases in systemic aciclovir plasma levels. The exact mechanism of increased absorption with valaciclovir is not fully determined but probably involves intestinal dipeptide transporters, followed by ...

We examined in rats the intestinal absorption of fat from dairy products differing in physiochemical properties. Five dairy products (cream cheese, cream, sour cream, butter, and mixed butter) with minor differences in fatty acid composition were administered by gavage to rats, and lymphatic fat absorption was examined. Absorption was followed ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent developments in molecular biology have led to the recognition of food-derived lipids and their metabolites, including cholesterol, fatty acids, bile acids and litocholic acids, as ligands of each corresponding nuclear receptor and regulators of key physiological events. Intake of diacylglycerol, which comprises up to 10% of ...

To evaluate the effects of green banana and pectin (nondigestible, dietary sources of colonic shortchain fatty acids [SCFA]) on intestinal permeability, 57 boys (5-12 months) with persistent diarrhea (> or = 14 days) were given a week's treatment with a rice-based diet containing either cooked green banana (n = 19), ...

LevoDOPA given orally may compete with the neutral aminoacids contained in food for its absorption in the small intestine. LevoDOPA plasma kinetics of the morning intake with 'french' breakfast (low protein content) were compared with those of the noon intake with lunch (normal protein content) in 20 advanced parkinsonian patients ...

The mucosal surface area of the guinea pig duodenum, jejunum, and ileum was determined during development, in three age groups: 1-day-old and 2- and 12-week-old animals. The morphometric analysis was performed at three magnification levels. The nominal surface area was determined at the macroscopic level, from intestinal length and perimeter. ...

Although gender differences exist for intestinal absorption of nutrients and drugs, the possible role estradiol may play in modulating nutrient transport has not been established. Therefore, small intestine glucose transport was measured 1 week after administering estradiol to ovariectomized rats fed diets high in carbohydrate (C) or protein (P). Rats ...

Modulation of cholesterol absorption in the intestine, the primary site of dietary cholesterol uptake in humans, can have profound clinical implications. We have undertaken a reverse genetic approach by disrupting putative cholesterol processing genes in zebrafish larvae by using morpholino (MO) antisense oligonucleotides. By using targeted MO injections and immunoprecipitation ...

Dietary cholesterol consumption and intestinal cholesterol absorption contribute to plasma cholesterol levels, a risk factor for coronary heart disease. The molecular mechanism of sterol uptake from the lumen of the small intestine is poorly defined. We show that Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1(NPC1L1) protein plays a critical role in the absorption ...

Acyl-CoA:monoacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 (MGAT2) catalyzes the synthesis of diacylglycerol and differs from the MGAT1 and MGAT3 in tissue distribution at the mRNA level. In addition to the small intestine, MGAT2 mRNA is also expressed at high levels in human liver, the lower gastrointestinal tract, and the mouse kidney, but the physiological ...

Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is an intestinal trophic enteroendocrine peptide that is associated with intestinal adaptation following resection. Herein, we investigate the effects of GLP-2 in a total parenteral nutrition (TPN)-supported model of experimental short bowel syndrome. Juvenile Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a 90% small intestinal resection and jugular catheter insertion. Rats ...

To investigate the effects of dietary charcoal powder including wood vinegar compound liquid (CWVC, 4 : 1) on intestinal villus histology, piglets were fed 0, 1, 3 and 5% dietary CWVC diets for 30 days. Feed intake and body weight gain were measured during the experimental period. At the end ...

1. Three experiments were performed to relate morphological characteristics of the small intestinal mucosal surface to age, dietary factors, small intenstinal microflora and performance of broilers. Characterisation of the small intestinal mucosal surface using a dissecting microscope was based on the orientation of the villi, villus shape and the presence ...