Mild steatorrhea is common after all ulcer operations except parietal cell vagotomy. As these operations impair the grinding and sieving of solid food, we sought to determine the effect of vagotomy and antrectomy on fat absorption from solid (e.g., liver) as compared with liquid (e.g., margarine) dietary sources in the ...

The interaction between malnutrition and exposure to a mucosal damaging agent, difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), was examined by monitoring the small-intestinal changes in weanling rats. Malnutrition as induced by the expanded-litter method resulted in severe reduction in body weights in the expanded litters as compared to normal litters. Subsequent treatment of malnourished ...

Dietary purines and pyrimidines are not considered to have a nutritional role, much less a direct effect on the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. We found that a dramatic decrease in adult rat small intestinal and colonic total ribonucleic acid (RNA) results from the removal of dietary purines and pyrimidines ...

Seventy-two hour starvation in neonatal rabbits was studied. Fasted animals received no feeds, only water every 8 h for 72 h. Fed animals were suckled by the dam. There was no difference in birth weight, serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen, electrolytes, or urine specific gravity between fed and fasted animals. ...

This study was undertaken to examine the effect of feeding 2 defined-formula diets, Isocal and Portagen, on intestinal morphology and transport function in rabbits subjected to an ileal resection, and in control animals with an intact intestinal tract. Neither ileal resection nor feeding Isocal or Portagen significantly altered jejunal mucosal ...

This study was undertaken to determine what changes occur in the intestinal microvasculature during the rapid growth associated with juvenile maturation. A technique was developed that permitted the comparison of the same microvessels in exactly the same intestinal region at two time periods of an animal's life. A region of ...

Sixty-eight horses with colic caused by small intestinal disease were allotted into 2 groups of 34 on the basis of recorded findings during exploratory celiotomy, necropsy, or response to medical treatment alone. Signalment, history, physical examination findings, and laboratory findings were compared between the group of horses with small intestinal ...

Changes in ovine visceral organ mass and small intestinal mucosa morphology and metabolism due to short-term and prolonged modifications in level of alimentation were studied. Thirty-six lambs were fed for 21 d at either 100 or 50% ad libitum levels of intake. For the next 5 d, lambs either remained ...

It has previously been demonstrated that a short period of feeding of a low cholesterol diet (LCD) alters the active and passive transport properties of the intestine. This study was undertaken to determine the late effect of early nutrition with LCD. An in vitro technique was used to determine the ...

This study was undertaken in the young and growing rabbit to establish the effect of feeding a high-cholesterol (2%) diet on the intestinal in vitro uptake of glucose, galactose, leucine, and cholic acid. Three groups of animals were fed standard Purina chow for 14, 28, and 42 days. A fourth ...

Transmural electrical potential difference, short-circuit current (Isc), and resistance were measured in vitro in the intestines of chickens. In birds maintained on a low-Na diet, there was a rise in Isc in the ileum and the colon but not in the duodenum or jejunum. A substantial portion of this Isc ...

Following the intestinal absorption of dietary benzo[a]pyrene (BP) by the killifish, this compound becomes incorporated along with dietary triglycerides into membrane-bound fat vacuoles within the intestinal epithelial cell (1985. J. Lipid Res. 26: 428-434). These vacuoles, arising from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, are important transient structures involved in both the ...

The effect of oral isocaloric feeding on small intestinal structure and function was studied in the rat. The liquid 'elemental' enteral feed Vivonex HN, the liquid 'complete' feed Ensure and the same liquid complete feed with 9% bulk Enrich were compared with solid chow containing 21% bulk (normal rat chow), ...

Apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) synthesis rates were measured in vivo in rat enterocytes by immunoprecipitation after administration of [3H]leucine into in situ loops of jejunum and ileum. Basal apoA-IV synthesis rates (percent total protein synthesis) were significantly higher in jejunal enterocytes (2.05 +/- 0.54%) compared with ileal enterocytes (0.48 +/- 0.32%) ...

In recent studies (1985. J. Lipid Res. 26:368-379 and 1986. J. Lipid Res. 27:30-39) we characterized aspects of synthesis of rat intestinal apolipoproteins (apo) A-I and B-48 in vivo, and their short term regulation by dietary and biliary lipid flux. We now report studies extending these observations to the effects ...

Pigs weaned for five days had caecal contents with significantly lower osmolalities than those of unweaned animals of the same age. Supplementation of a standard weaning diet with therapeutic levels of oxytetracycline to suppress the normal large intestinal microbial flora did not significantly further reduce osmolarity of caecal contents after ...

Two fish species (rainbow trout and common carp) that differ in natural diet also exhibit differences in the adaptive flexibility of their intestinal nutrient transport mechanisms in response to changes in dietary nutrient composition. When carp ingested a feed that was 24% glucose by weight, there was an increase in ...

1. Unidirectional Na+ fluxes obtained in perfused preparation of intestine and Na+ effluxes from enterocytes isolated by a specific method have been determined in the middle intestine of freshwater rainbow trout. 2. Fish were fed semi-purified diets containing 8% by wt of either cod liver oil as reference, grape seed ...

To test the role of nonmicellar phases in lipid absorption, intestinal uptake of fatty acids and cholesterol has been studied in vitro from supersaturated and micellar solutions. The micellar solubility limit at equilibrium was established for cholesterol and oleate/monoolein (2:1) at pH 6.7 with 10 mM taurocholate. Uptake by rat ...

The influence of diet or its ingredients on 141Ce absorption and retention was investigated in six-day-old rats. Animals were fed over 8h with cow's milk, rat diet or a mixture of rat diet ingredients (fish meal, sunflower meal, alfalfa, cane molasses and premix) labelled with 141Ce. Whole-body radioactivity was determined ...

This study has demonstrated that the microsomal fraction of the rat small intestinal mucosa has the capacity to catalyse the oxidation of benzo[a]pyrene(BP)-7,8-diol to BP-diol-epoxides (BPDEs) both by a mechanism involving the mixed-function oxidase system (NADPH-dependent) and as a result of the initiation of peroxidation of the membrane phospholipids by ...

The bacterial population colonising the large intestine is able to metabolise a variety of ingested or endogenously produced substances to products, some of which possess toxic, mutagenic or carcinogenic properties. Dietary components, resistant to digestion and absorption in the upper alimentary tract, may influence these reactions by altering the environment ...

Dietary fat is transported in the chicken by portomicrons; these large lipoproteins enter the portal blood of the small intestinal villi. We have shown by electron microscopy that avian portomicrons resemble mammalian chylomicrons in size, but their mode of transport differs. Portomicrons enter the intestinal blood vessels through endothelial intracytoplasmic ...

The effect of combination chemotherapy on human small intestinal morphology and disaccharidase activities and their relation with clinical and chemical (fecal wet weight and K-excretion) parameters for gastrointestinal toxicity were evaluated in patients with disseminated malignant melanoma receiving enteral normoalimentation (NA). Also evaluated were the supposed protective effects on gastrointestinal ...

Coprostanol and cholestanol are two saturated analogues of cholesterol. The former, which is the A/B ring isomer of cholesterol, is a nonabsorbable sterol, whereas the latter, which has an A/B ring configuration closer to that of cholesterol, is absorbed only half as efficiently as cholesterol. Intestinal mucosal cell uptake and ...

Initial studies determined whether a renal factor facilitates decreased jejunal absorption following volume expansion of the anesthetized rat. Volume expansion (VE) decreased jejunal absorption to the same extent in both normal and nephrectomized animals. Furthermore, VE of a donor animal failed to alter jejunal absorption in a recipient following cross ...

We have synthesized alpha- and beta-anomers of tigogenin cellobioside and have determined their effects on intestinal absorption of [1,2-3H]cholesterol in rats. We demonstrated that the loss of tritium label likely to occur in the conversion of cholesterol to coprostanone was minimal. Dose response studies showed that both anomers depressed intestinal ...

The fraction of plutonium absorbed after oral administration of Pu(VI) to 24-h-fasted mice was 19 X 10(-4), 13-fold higher than in fed mice, 1.4 X 10(-4). We have investigated the relevance of the high gastrointestinal (GI) absorption value for the 24-h-fasted animals in setting drinking water standards for humans. When ...

The effect of a pectin-supplemented elemental diet on intestinal adaptation to massive small bowel resection in the rat was investigated in this study. Sixty adult Sprague-Dawley rats underwent placement of a feeding gastrostomy and swivel apparatus. Control animals (N = 16) were then returned to their cages while the remaining ...

1. Rats were fed on a control semi-synthetic diet containing insoluble cellulose (Solkafloc; 100 g/kg; control group) as the only source of dietary fibre, or on one of two test diets containing the same quantity of either guar gum or carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). Animals in the test groups showed similar growth ...

Mucosa isolated from the proximal third of the small intestine of infant rats had much lower cyclic nucleotide concentrations (expressed both per unit wet weight and per unit DNA content) than those determined in the intestinal wall. The steady-state concentrations of both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in jejunum showed ...

Absorption and retention of neptunium were determined in baboons after intragastric administration of neptunium nitrate solutions at pH 1. The effects of mass, diet, and fasting on absorption were studied. At higher mass levels (400-800 micrograms Np/kg), absorption was about 1%; at lower mass intakes (0.0009-0.005 micrograms Np/kg), absorption was ...

The possible causes of changes in the piglet small intestine after weaning were investigated. Groups of piglets weaned at three weeks old were either given oral oxytetracycline daily, weaned on to a regularly fed sow-milk replacer or weaned on to specially formulated diets based on casein or hydrolysed casein as ...

Using stool samples previously obtained for a nutritional balance study of very small infants, the intake, excretion, and percent absorption (%A) of individual fatty acids were quantitated by gas-liquid chromatography in two groups of patients; one receiving a formula providing fat as long chain triglycerides (LCT), the other providing 40% ...

Intestinal structure and function change with aging and with manipulation of the diet. The present study was undertaken to assess the absorption of selected nutrients and the morphologic characteristics of the intestine of weaning rabbits fed chow for 2, 4, or 6 weeks, and to determine the effect of feeding ...

The absorption of xylose at different levels of the intestine was compared in five dogs receiving diets containing either wheat bran, polyethylene particles (PE), or horse-bean hulls. The absorption was determined by serial collection of the interstitial fluid (ISF) in different parts of the small intestine and colon, and blood ...

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of variations in the dietary content of carbohydrate (sucrose) and intestinal resection on the passive jejunal and colonic uptake of short-, medium-, and long-chain length fatty acids, cholesterol, and decanol. A previously validated in vitro technique was used, and studies were performed ...

These studies were undertaken to analyze the effects in dogs of the administration of liquid polymeric diets by gastric tube for 14 days on brush-border absorptive functions measured in vitro. Transport studies of D-glucose, L-leucine and L-alanine have been performed by a rapid filtration technique using brush border membrane vesicles ...

In the newborn calf, colostrum immunoglobulin absorption was compared with absorption of immunoglobulins extracted from colostrum. Reduced absorption of the latter resulted in plasma immunoglobulin levels unable to protect the animals against infections. Adding complete milk powder to the immunoglobulin solution slightly improved the level of absorption. Postprandial plasma alkaline ...

An evaluation of total hemolytic complement activity (CH100) after fasting or intestinal bypass was performed in rats. The experiment lasted 6 days. Three groups, of 5 animals each, were studied. On the 1st day, basal values of total complement (TC), albumin and body weight were determined. Group A received normal, ...

Some diets exert a considerable influence on porphyrin metabolism and induction of microsomal liver enzymes in experimental porphyria induced by hexachlorobenzene (HCB). As HCB and its metabolites come into direct contact with intestinal mucosa, this study investigated the changes in the activities of intestinal disaccharidases and gamma-glutamyl transferase in a ...

The effects of maternal protein-energy malnutrition and exposure to nitrofen on selected aspects of intestinal morphology and function were studied in the fetal rat. Pregnant rats were fed, throughout gestation, diets containing 24% or 6% casein as the sole source of protein. Reduced total food intake produced protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). ...

Weight measurement of the gastrointestinal organs (GIT) and morphometric measurements of circumsections of the small intestine (SI) have demonstrated profound responses to the level of dietary intake. The average response of pigs (all the same live body weight) gaining weight at a moderate rate (treatment LH) relative to pigs losing ...

The intestinal absorptive and digestive functions using the brush border membrane (BBM) vesicles were evaluated in guinea pigs receiving cholesterol-supplemented diet for 12 weeks. The Na+-gradient-dependent transport of D-glucose (p less than 0.001), L-alanine and L-phenylalanine (p less than 0.01) was decreased significantly the BBM of cholesterol-fed animals. The maximal ...

An in vitro technique was used to measure the jejunal and colonic uptake of fatty acids, decanol and cholesterol in sham-operated control (CONT) rabbits and in animals with a surgical resection of the distal half of the small intestine (RES). CONT and RES were fed standard Purina chow, Ensure, or ...

After 6 weeks feeding on either a high-cholesterol/fat (H) or a low-cholesterol/fat (L) diet, jejunal and colonic uptake was measured using a previously validated in vitro technique in control rabbits with an intact intestinal tract (C) and in animals submitted to the surgical removal of the distal half of the ...

The small intestinal mucosa of 112 piglets aged between 21 and 32 days was examined to identify the effects on its structure of weaning and of consumption of creep food. In unweaned control pigs a gradual increase in crypt depth occurred with age, while villus height altered little. In contrast, ...

Transport of electrolytes, particularly of Cl- and K+, by the rat proximal colon was studied in vivo under conditions of high and low K+ diet and in the presence of transport inhibitors and secretagogues. The electrical parameters, PD, Isc, Rm, were monitored by direct clamping and via cable analysis. The ...

We studied the effects that dietary fat has on the capacity of preparations of rat small intestinal mucosal cells to metabolize benzo[a]pyrene (BP) in vitro and on the composition of fatty acids in the endoplasmic reticulum of the intestinal mucosa. When rats were fed diets containing different types of fat, ...

After 6 weeks' feeding on a high-fat or low-fat diet, the in vitro uptake of hexoses and lipids was measured in control rabbits with an intact intestinal tract, and in animals submitted to the surgical removal of the distal half of their small intestine. Jejunal villus height, villus surface area ...