BACKGROUND AND AIM: Plant foods may lower the risk of cardiovascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: We assessed changes in the intima media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery and diet in elderly men. Men (n=563) aged 70+/-5 years were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups (dietary intervention, omega-3 supplementation, ...

BACKGROUND: Dietary treatment plays an important role in prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). A significant factor that influences the fulfilment of dietary recommendations is also the knowledge of non-pharmacological methods of CVD prevention. AIM: To evaluate the health knowledge and the dietary behaviours among subjects with established CVD and to ...

In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), the factors associated with under- or overreporting of protein intake in nutrition assessment tools, as well as the variability of diet records, have not been fully established. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate factors associated with under- or overreporting ...

The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) recommends MEDFICTS, a rapid screening instrument for dietary fat, to assess adherence to the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet (score <40 points indicates intake of <7% of energy from saturated fat, <30% of energy from total fat, and <200 ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to determine the dietary patterns of a Mediterranean cohort and relate them to the observed patterns of beverage consumption. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. Dietary habits were assessed with a semi-quantitative FFQ validated in Spain. A principal components factor analysis was used to ...

BACKGROUND: Low-carbohydrate diets could lead to reduced fruit and vegetable intake, which may be protective against CVD. The role of carbohydrate intake in modifying the association between fruits and vegetables and CVD has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether carbohydrate intake affects the association between fruits and vegetables and ...

The scientific community has long been interested in the overall quality of diets owing to the fact that it is important for each individual's health through a healthy, varied, and balanced diet. Much research has been conducted on methods used to measure dietary quality. These studies led to the determination ...

BACKGROUND: Evidence for the dietary determinants of obesity in children is limited. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to identify a dietary pattern that explained dietary energy density (DED), fiber density (FD), and percentage of energy intake from fat and analyze its relation to fatness in children. DESIGN: The subjects were 521 ...

BACKGROUND: Although the effects of nutrition on health and school performance are often cited, few research studies have examined the effect of diet quality on the academic performance of children. This study examines the association between overall diet quality and academic performance. METHODS: In 2003, 5200 grade 5 students in ...

Little data are published on the habitual home oral diet of patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). We assessed nutrient intake from oral food and beverages in 19 stable patients with severe SBS who live in the southeastern United States. Intestinal absorption of energy, fat, nitrogen (N), and carbohydrate (CHO) ...

The aim of the present review was to perform a systematic in-depth review of the best evidence from controlled trial studies that have investigated the effects of nutrition, diet and dietary change on learning, education and performance in school-aged children (4-18 years) from the UK and other developed countries. The ...

Comparative studies were carried out on the ability of pure strain of Rhizopus oryzae   and Saccharomyces cerevisae   to alter the nutritional quality of cassava flour produced from low- and medium-cyanide variety of cassava tuber. Low- and medium-cyanide variety of cassava tubers were collected from International Institute of Tropical ...

The additive and interactive effects of habit strength in the explanation of saturated fat intake were explored within the framework of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Cross-sectional data were gathered in a Dutch adult sample (n=764) using self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using hierarchical regression analyses and simple slope analyses. ...

The role of dairy fat in the aetiology of myocardial infarction (MI) is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between intake of dairy fat and dairy products, and risk of a first acute MI. A total of 111 MI patients with a first acute MI ...

A multivitamin/mineral supplement is the most widely used type of dietary supplement among American adults. Therefore, accurate assessment of intake from this supplement is crucial when studying diet and chronic diseases. From 1999 to 2001, the Multiethnic Cohort Study collected detailed information on multivitamin/mineral use among five ethnic groups: African ...

Lengthy cooking times and the presence of anti-nutrients are factors contributing to the poor exploitation of the high protein content in cowpea seeds. This study was carried out to determine the effect of soaking and microwave energy pre-treatments on the cooking time, anti-nutritional factors and proximate composition of cowpea seeds. ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the perceived outcomes associated with diet/food intake in the general adult population. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: The Food Benefits Assessment (FBA) questionnaire was developed from subjects' verbatim transcripts (n 18) and after comprehension tests (n 5). Normal-weight (n 130) and overweight (n 67) subjects then completed the final ...

BACKGROUND: Although the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension trial) diet is among the therapeutic lifestyle changes recommended for individuals with hypertension (HTN), accordance with the DASH diet is not known. METHODS: Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from the 1988-1994 and 1999-2004 periods, DASH ...

The aim of this study was to determine the dietary intake of perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) by the population of Tarragona County (Catalonia, Spain). PFC levels were determined in 36 composite samples of foodstuffs randomly purchased in various locations. Exposure to PFCs through the diet was estimated for various age/gender groups. ...

In response to the need to assess both food and supplemental sources of nutrients, we have expanded the capabilities of Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) software to allow for assessing dietary supplement use. A Dietary Supplement Assessment Module allows for the automated collection and coding of dietary supplement use. ...

There is increasing evidence that dietary factors in plant-based diets are important in the prevention of chronic disease. This study examined protective (eg, antioxidant vitamins, carotenoids, and fiber) and pathogenic (eg, saturated fatty acids and cholesterol) dietary factors in a very-low-fat vegan diet. Ninety-three early-stage prostate cancer patients participated in ...

There are only a few studies assessing the nutrient intake of Greek children in the literature. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the nutrient adequacy of the diets of a representative sample of 2,374 toddlers and preschoolers with full anthropometric and dietary intake data. Usual nutrient intakes ...

OBJECTIVE: An imbalanced diet elevates health risks for many chronic diseases including obesity. Dietary monitoring could contribute vital information to lifestyle coaching and diet management, however, current monitoring solutions are not feasible for a long-term implementation. Towards automatic dietary monitoring, this work targets the continuous recognition of dietary activities using ...

The aim of the present study was to assess if a simple dietary quality index (SDQI) is a useful indicator for nutritional quality in the Danish diet. Data from the Danish National Dietary Survey 2000-2 for adults (n 3151; age 18-75 years) were used to construct an SDQI based on ...

This research reports the findings of the study carried out to determine the effects of dietary intake on visual acuity in high school children in and around Mthatha district of Eastern Cape province, South Africa. One hundred and forty three students, aged 14-20 years were randomly selected from one of ...

Ripe fruits of <I>Trichosanthes anguina</I> (snake tomato) were subjected to phytochemical and proximate analyses. Hepatotoxic effects of various feeds compounded with fruits and seeds of the plant were also investigated. Twenty-five male rabbits randomly distributed into 5 groups (A-E) of 5 animals each, were respectively fed grower`s mash as the ...

Relation between Dietary Manganese Intake and Biological Markers of Manganese Exposure Abstract Manganese is an essential trace element, yet can be toxic in excess. The inter- and intra- individual variations in manganese levels in different biological media make research difficult. This study examined the relationship between dietary Mn intake and ...

Food of high fat intake may increase the risk of blood clotting, heart attackes, coagulating factors and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of saturated fat (butter) intake on serum cholesterol, triglgycerides and coagulating factors including Protherombin Time (PT), Partial Thromboplastin Test (PTT), Bleeding ...

Self Monitoring Intake (SMI) has been shown to be an effective method to motivate adherence to a healthy diet. The key function in SMI applications is to document daily dietary intake, which requires users to select intake from a long pick list of items. Current approaches for food item selection ...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors can be identified in children and tracked over time. We studied 519 children (mean age, 3.9 years) and reevaluated CVD risk factors 4 years later. Baseline and follow-up (FU) measures included height, weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure level, blood lipid values, and 24-hour ...

BACKGROUND: The European Nutrition and Health Report contains data about the nutritional situation of elderly of 11 EU countries. METHODS: The assessment of the energy and nutrient intake was performed using different methods: 24-hour recall, (semiquantitative) FFQ, 4/7-day-weighed record, personal interview, HBS. RESULTS: Compared to adults of the same country, ...

A healthful diet can reduce major risk factors for chronic diseases. To assess the dietary status of Thais and monitor changes in food consumption patterns, the Healthy Eating Index for Thais (THEI) is developed, an important tool for meeting the nutrition goals and determining people's overall diet quality. This index ...

The present study prospectively examined change in diet and physical activity behaviors in 115 women undergoing BRCA1/2 gene testing (46 mutation positive, 46 uninformative and 23 definitive negative). Participants completed measures of diet and physical activity at three time points: prior to genetic testing and 1-and 6-months after receipt of ...

Despite widespread use of dietary supplements, little is known about correlates and determinants of their use. Using a diverse sample from 7 interventions participating in the Behavior Change Consortium (n = 2539), signal detection methodology (SDM) demonstrated a method for identifying subgroups with varying supplement use. An SDM model was ...

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to compare eating patterns of Jews and Muslim Bedouins and investigate possible dietary causes for discrepancy in obesity rates. METHODS: We pooled two surveys that included data from 793 Jews and 169 Bedouins aged 35-64years recruited from 1998 through 2003 in southern Israel. ...

The vulnerability of large segments of Asia's population to micronutrient deficiency is more a consequence of cultural evolution and demography than of economic inequities. We evolved in a hunter-gatherer lifestyle with vigorous energy expenditure, wide dietary variety and a nutrient-dense diet (meat, viscera), and wound up 10,000 years ago as ...

BACKGROUND: Intake of saturated fat, trans fat, and alcohol alter cardiovascular disease risk, but their effect on subclinical atherosclerosis remains understudied. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine and quantify the interrelation of saturated fat, trans fat, alcohol intake, and mean carotid artery intimal medial thickness (IMT). DESIGN: We conducted a ...

Previous studies have shown that sociodemographic characteristics can be determinants of healthful eating. However, health characteristics such as smoking status have not been well studied. The objective of this research, therefore, was to determine predictors of diet quality in postmenopausal women. We included 164 overweight or obese postmenopausal women aged ...

Objective was to assess dietary intake and physical activity in a Canadian population sample of male patients with HIV and metabolic abnormalities and to compare the data to Canadian recommendations. Sixty-five HIV-infected men with at least one feature associated with the metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, central obesity, or lipodystrophy) ...

Measurement of percentage energy from fat is important in surveillance of populations and in epidemiologic studies examining relationships between diet and disease as well as for behavioral intervention studies seeking to change dietary behavior. The NCI percentage energy from fat screener (PFat) has adequately predicted percentage of energy from fat ...

Data collected at 4 Behavioral Change Consortium sites were used to assess social desirability bias in self-reports derived from a dietary fat screener (PFat), a dietary fruit and vegetable screener (FVS), and a 1-item question on fruit and vegetable intake. Comparisons were made with mean intakes derived from up to ...

PURPOSE: Regular, non-therapeutic diets were examined in long-term care (LTC) residents to determine whether these residents consumed adequate nutrients according to current recommendations. METHODS: Elderly (88 +/- 8 years) residents (31 female, 17 male) in five Saskatoon LTC centres participated. All were receiving regular diets. Dietary intakes were collected for ...

AIMS: The objective of the present work was to identify factors associated with diet quality in non-frail older adults measured with the Food Frequency Index (FFI). METHODS: In a cross-sectional survey, data from a qualitative 28-item food-frequency questionnaire was used to calculate the FFI in a sample of 444 adults ...

Nutrient standards such as the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) may be used to assess diets of both individuals and of population groups. The goal is to estimate the probability of dietary adequacy (or inadequacy) for an individual and the prevalence of dietary adequacy for a group. The DRI that is ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of overall diet quality, sociodemographic predictors of diet quality, and the association between diet quality and body weight status in a nationally representative sample of preschoolers. METHODS: Cross-sectional study using a sample of 2-5 years old with sociodemographic, dietary, and anthropometric data (n = 1,521) ...

Diet indices represent an integrated approach to assessing eating patterns and behaviors. The aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive food-based dietary index to reflect adherence to healthy eating recommendations, evaluate the construct validity of the index using nutrient intakes, and evaluate this index in relation to sociodemographic ...

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. Diets high in fat, especially saturated fat, are often linked to obesity, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, all risk factors for CVD. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between diet and CVD risk factors ...

BACKGROUND: The main emphasis of dietary advice for control of obesity has been on reducing dietary fat. Increasing ready to eat cereal (RTEC) consumption could be a strategy to reduce fat intake and increase carbohydrate intake resulting in a diet with lower energy density. OBJECTIVES: 1. To determine if an ...

To examine the association between television/video (TV) viewing and markers of diet quality among 3-year-old children. We studied 613 boys and 590 girls, age 3 years old, who were participants in Project Viva. Each mother reported the number of hours her child watched TV on an average weekday and weekend ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the relationship between dietary intake and different levels and types of physical activity (PA). DESIGN: Cross-sectional evaluation of the EPIPorto study. Energy expenditure (metabolic energy equivalent tasks) and dietary intake during the past year were assessed using a PA questionnaire and a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire, respectively. SETTING: ...