PURPOSE: To determine whether changes in the high-energy phosphates occur with use of the ketogenic diet in patients with intractable epilepsy. METHODS: 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging studies were performed at 4.1 T in seven patients with intractable epilepsy (four Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, one absence, one primary generalized tonic-clonic, and one ...

The high fat, low carbohydrate, low protein ketogenic diet (KD) has been used to control refractory epilepsy in children since 1920, although its mechanism of action is unknown. Previous animal studies have shown that the KD can increase acute seizure threshold, but the effect of the KD on the process ...

The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of age on the efficacy of the ketogenic diet in suppressing seizures evoked by tail-vein infusion of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Male rats of various ages were divided into three groups and fed one of three diets: (1) a calorie-restricted ketogenic diet, (2) ...

The management approach to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus among family doctors in Hong Kong was studied using two case histories. In 1996, all 804 fellows, members and associate members of the Hong Kong College of Family Physicians were sent a letter and a questionnaire. Of the 512 who responded, 405 were ...

Thirteen children with refractory epilepsy received a ketogenic diet (medium chain triglyceride oil diet) as an alternative therapy since September 1997. Their seizure patterns included (1) generalized tonic-clonic seizures, (2) myoclonic seizures, (3) generalized tonic + atonic seizures, (4) complex partial seizures, (5) generalized clonic + atonic + myoclonic seizures, ...

We report the association of celiac disease and alopecia in 3 children. In one, the alopecia developed after 4 years' nonadherence to a gluten-free diet; the other 2 patients presented with alopecia. Administration of a gluten-free diet resulted in partial regrowth of hair in the first child and complete hair ...

BACKGROUND: We investigated whether wheat starch-based gluten-free products are safe in the treatment of gluten intolerance. METHODS: The study involved 41 children and adults with coeliac disease and 11 adults with dermatitis herpetiformis adhering to a gluten-free diet for 8 years on average. Thirty-five newly diagnosed coeliac patients at diagnosis ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a ketogenic diet would increase the resistance of rats to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures and to understand the relation of ketonemia to seizure resistance. METHODS: A freely consumed, high-fat (ketogenic) diet was administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats for 5-10 ...

Male Sprague-Dawley rats received TAU supplementation (1.5% in drinking water) or TAU deficient diets for 4 weeks to test for a possible neuroprotective role of TAU in KA-induced (10 mg/kg s.c.) seizures. TAU supplementation significantly increased serum and hippocampal TAU levels, but not TAU content in temporal cortex or striatum. ...

Celiac disease (CD), perceived as a rare cause of chronic diarrhea three decades ago, was diagnosed as a cause of diarrhea in 60 (7.5%) post weaned children among 800 cases of chronic diarrhea. The diagnosis was established on the basis of a detailed clinical history, histopathological studies on small bowel ...

An elderly man with mental retardation who had never received dietary treatment for his phenylketonuria was placed on a phenylalanine-restricted diet. Social skills and walking gait improved and a new interest in the objects in his environment developed spontaneously. A 2-year analysis of diet, blood plasma phenylalanine levels and behavioural ...

OBJECTIVE: The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-protein, low-carbohydrate diet developed in the 1920s for the treatment of children with difficult to control seizures. Despite advances in both the pharmacotherapy and the surgery of epilepsy, many children continue to have difficult-to-control seizures. This prospective study sought to determine the ketogenic ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of the ketogenic diet in multiple centers. DESIGN: A prospective study of the change in frequency of seizures in 51 children with intractable seizures who were treated with the ketogenic diet. SETTING: Patients were enrolled from the clinical practices of 7 sites. The diet was ...

BACKGROUND: The gluten-free diet is the standard therapy for patients affected by celiac disease, although compliance with the diet is not optimal in adolescents or adults. Moreover, the gluten-free diet may induce nutritional imbalances. METHODS: Alimentary habits and diet composition were examined in 47 adolescents with celiac disease and 47 ...

OBJECTIVE: An increase in the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in the rectal epithelium of patients with active celiac disease has been described. No data are available about how they vary during a gluten-free diet. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of a gluten-free diet on ...

OBJECTIVE: To report clinical and epidemiologic information, summarize characteristic clinical signs and laboratory results, and describe the expected course of cycad toxicosis in dogs. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 60 dogs with evidence of cycad ingestion. PROCEDURE: The National Animal Poison Control Center's case record database was searched for records of ...

A combined test of intestinal permeability using lactulose (L) and rhamnose (R), and absorptive function using xylose (X) and 3-O-methylglucose (G), was carried out at four, six, eight and 16 weeks of age in 22 healthy control and six gluten-sensitive Irish setter (IS) dogs fed a diet containing a controlled ...

1. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by several fungi, especially Aspergillus and Penicillium species. Many food and foodstuffs can be contaminated by ochratoxin A, which is consequently found in blood of animals and humans. 2. The distribution into the brain of young adult rats fed OTA for 1 ...

PURPOSE: The ketogenic diet has been successfully used in treatment of pediatric epilepsy for >70 years. Few serious complications caused by the diet have been reported. We report complications that have been experienced by children receiving the ketogenic diet. METHODS: In a 22-month period, we treated 52 children with the ...

During detailed visual function testing, pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (VEP), generated by different spatial frequencies (3 c/d, 1 c/d and 0.6 c/d) and visual contrasts (100% and 10%) were recorded in 21 adolescent and young adult phenylketonuric (PKU) patients (11 females and 10 males; mean age 14.8 years, range 9-22.8) ...

Daily pattern and rates of whole-body tyrosine oxidation and phenylalanine hydroxylation were determined in young adults (15 men, 1 woman) receiving [13C]tyrosine and [(2)H2]phenylalanine via primed, constant oral infusion and [(2)H4]tyrosine by vein (five subjects also received [(2)H3]leucine simultaneously by vein) continuously for 24 h (12 h fast then 12 ...

Epidemiological data, the appropriateness of the medical approach, the effectiveness of unrestricted diet and the subsequent course of chronic non-specific diarrhoea (CNSD) were evaluated in 20 children, mean age at diagnosis 4.7 y, and mean duration of diarrhoea 24 months. A mean of 2.4 previous hospital admissions and a mean ...

The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that results in ketosis. It has been in use for nearly 70 years. Several modifications of the diet's original form, including the medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) diet, have been made in an attempt to overcome the obstacles of compliance and acceptance, which have ...

OBJECTIVE: To provide a review of the mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, drug interactions, and therapeutic considerations associated with the use of a ketogenic diet to manage patients with intractable seizures. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search from January 1966 to the present and relevant articles from journals were ...

A group of 26 children (13 boys and 13 girls; average age 12.2 years) with CD who had been on a gluten free diet for 5-15 years was examined in order to find out how effectively they could manage their diet. The diagnosis of CD was established on the basis ...

The aim of our study was to determine whether the combination of an anticholinergic treatment with a beta 2-adrenergic medication is a more effective treatment for acute asthma attack than the two treatments individually. The association of salbutamol-ipratropium was compared to treatment with salbutamol and ipratropium alone. It was a ...

The phenylalanine-free diet is needed for the treatment of phenylketonuria. Phenylketonuria is an inherited metabolic condition in which there is a deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. Lack of this enzyme means the body cannot metabolise the essential amino acid phenylalanine, which then builds up in the blood and causes ...

Transthyretin (TTR), a well-established nutritional marker, was measured in patients with active and inactive celiac disease (CD) in order to assess its value as a marker of disease activity. CD activity was assessed by intestinal biopsy to determine intestinal atrophy histologically and by measuring the level of antiendomysial antibody titer. ...

The authors present more than 20 years' experience with coeliac disease, with a summary of their published studies. Hair shaft characteristics were determined by scanning electron microscopy. Hair diameter was significantly lower and cuticular erosion scores higher in those who were not on gluten-free diets as compared to controls, showing ...

BACKGROUND: People with gluten sensitivity should avoid foods containing wheat, rye, and barley, but there has been debate about whether they should avoid oats. Although patients with celiac disease have recently been shown to tolerate oats, less is known about the effects of oats on patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. METHODS: ...

We report a 2-year-old boy with phosphofructokinase deficiency presenting in the newborn period with congenital arthrogryposis and severe myopathy, who has had significant improvement on a ketogenic diet since its institution at 4 months of age. We provide a rationale for use of this treatment and hypothesize it may be ...

Celiac disease is an intolerance to protein fractions in wheat, rye, barley, and possibly oats. When these grains are consumed by a person with celiac disease, they damage the mucosa of the small intestine, which eventually leads to malabsorption of nutrients. Patients are therefore advised to remove these grains from ...

Inborn errors of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) are associated with lactic acidosis, neuroanatomic defects, developmental delay, and early death. PDC deficiency is a clinically heterogeneous disorder, with most mutations located in the coding region of the X-linked alpha subunit of the first catalytic component, pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1). Treatment of ...

A 33-year-old patient, with pre-existing diagnosis of 'schizophrenic' disorder, came to our observation for severe diarrhoea and weight loss. Use of single photon emission computed tomography, (99mTc)HMPAO SPECT, demonstrated hypoperfusion of the left frontal brain area, without evidence of structural cerebral abnormalities. Jejunal biopsy showed villous atrophy. Antiendomysial antibodies were ...

The ketogenic diet is a high-fat diet that maintains the body's starvation mechanism, with exogenous fat provided for metabolism in lieu of stored fat. Mild dehydration is important to prevent dilution of the level of ketones in circulation at any given time. It is not known why or how ketosis ...

The ketogenic diet is becoming a more recognized method of treating seizures in some children with epilepsy. Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children (TSRHC) developed an interdisciplinary team that uses a comprehensive approach to implementing this innovative therapy. Anticipated outcomes of this unique approach are increased family satisfaction and improved ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to establish whether body composition in patients with celiac disease is normal and influenced by the age at diagnosis or by the duration of the gluten free diet. METHODS: A group of 66 children with celiac disease and 76 healthy controls were studied ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Compliance to a gluten-free diet is currently an important issue in the care of both adolescent and adult coeliac patients. The aim of this study was evaluate the compliance to a gluten-free diet and the dietary habits in general of coeliac teenagers and young adults. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A ...

PURPOSE: Despite use of the ketogenic diet (KD) for >75 years its effectiveness or mechanism of action has been examined in few animal studies. Using the kindling model of epilepsy, we tested the anticonvulsant effectiveness and behavioral consequences of an experimental KD in adult rats. METHODS: Rats fully kindled from ...

We report hyperamylasemia due to macroamylasemia in a 33-year-old-woman with gluten enteropathy. Macroamylasemia was demonstrated by precipitation of 97% of amylase activity with PEG 6000. It was associated with increased serum IgA, with elevated values of specific IgA antibodies against alpha-gliadin and with a high titre of IgA anti-endomysium antibodies. ...

Seventy-two adults with phenylketonuria were evaluated to investigate the genotypic relationship to phenotype. Patient data were collected by chart review and medical follow-up as well as current psychological evaluation. Nineteen diagnosed neonatally had remained on a phenylalanine-restricted diet all their lives, whereas 34 who were also diagnosed on newborn screening ...

The water-based paints now frequently used for house painting still contain small amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with the potential to exacerbate symptoms of asthma. Because of these potential problems and environmental concerns, some manufacturers have produced paints with no VOC content. We wished to compare the effects on ...

This study investigated whether gluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE) in Irish setter dogs was associated with underlying structural abnormalities of microvillar membrane proteins. Jejunal biopsies taken from eight-month-old GSE-affected dogs reared on a normal, gluten-containing diet exhibited partial villous atrophy and contained more intra-epithelial lymphocytes than controls. The morphological abnormalities were reversed ...

The daily rates of whole-body phenylalanine oxidation (phe-ox) and hydroxylation (phe-OH) were determined in young men (n = 10) receiving [13C]phenylalanine and [2H2]tyrosine via primed constant oral infusion (four also received simultaneously [2H4]tyrosine and [2H3]leucine via primed constant intravenous infusions) continuously for 24 h (first 12 h fast and then ...

A 10-year-old girl with yellow dystrophic nails, bronchiectasis, chronic sinusitis and lower-limb lymphedema is presented. The underlying mechanism remains unknown although it has been postulated to be associated with lymphatic abnormalities. To date no causative treatment exists. Our patient was treated with conservative management, including a low-fat diet supplemented with ...

Failure to thrive is common in children with celiac disease. As alterations in the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor I (GH-IGF-I) growth axis have been reported in these patients, we studied the behavior of growth hormone-binding proteins (GH-BPs I and II), IGF-I and its binding proteins in 14 children with celiac ...

There has been a dramatic resurgence of interest in the ketogenic diet during the past several years. For many children with difficult-to-control epilepsy, the diet presents an alternative approach to trying multiple medications. The ketogenic diet's current success rate, when properly executed, greatly exceeds that of the medications which have ...

Forty-three adults with classical phenylketonuria were identified by neonatal screening and treated with a phenylalanine (Phe) restricted diet. Nineteen have remained on dietary treatment with varying levels of blood Phe control and 24 have discontinued the diet at an average age of 7.8 years. Follow up at an average age ...

Early diagnosis and treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU) in Poland was started in 1965, initially on a voluntary and then on a obligatory basis. Guthrie tests have been used for newborn screening. For confirmation of diagnosis changing with time methods of blood phenylalanine (Phe) and tyrosine estimation were used. In addition, ...

In our clinic the decision on whether to continue with dietary treatment of phenylketonuria or not is left to each adolescent and adult patient after the advantages and disadvantages, as discussed in this paper, of continuing diet have been presented to them. As a result 61 of 132 patients have ...