An increased protein content and less digestible protein sources in the diet can induce bad faecal odour. The present study investigated the effect of adding prebiotics to dog diets enriched with animal-derived protein sources on apparent digestibilities and faecal ammonia concentration. In three subsequent periods eight healthy beagle dogs were ...

To study in vivo digestibility of forages from semi-natural grasslands two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment lactating dairy cows were offered three different silage-based diets. Silage originated from intensively managed grassland (IM), extensively managed species-poor grassland (SPP), or extensively managed species-rich grassland (SPR). In the second experiment ...

Three experiments were conducted to examine the effects of a commercial enzyme preparation on chicks performance and digestibilities of nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP), raffinose (R), stachyose (S), and total oligosaccharides (O) in diets containing whole and dehulled lupin and ethanol-extracted dehulled lupin meal. Ethanol extract was also used to produce a ...

The objectives of this study were to determine true P digestibility, the gastrointestinal endogenous P outputs associated with soybean meal (SBM), and the role of the large intestine in P digestion in growing pigs. Four Yorkshire barrows, with average initial and final BW of 40 and 58 kg, were fitted ...

The steady-state performance of thermophilic (55 degrees C) and mesophilic (35 degrees C) anaerobic digestion as a function of solids retention time (SRT) was evaluated in laboratory digesters at SRTs ranging from 4 to 15 days, and in pilot-plant digesters at a 20-day SRT. All of the digesters were fed ...

The effects of increasing concentrations of dried, pelleted beet pulp substituted for high-moisture corn on digestion and ruminal digestion kinetics were evaluated using eight ruminally and duodenally cannulated multiparous Holstein cows in a duplicated 4 x 4 Latin square design with 21-d periods. Cows were 79 +/- 17 (mean +/- ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate dietary galactooligosaccharide (Gal OS) addition on swine nutrient digestibility, ileal and fecal bacterial populations, and ileal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and to determine their impact on ileal fermentative characteristics in vitro. Twelve T-cannulated pigs (BW = 25 kg) were fed a ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the tryptophan (Trp) requirement of growing pigs at different body weight (BW) ranges. Three performance experiments were conducted with female pigs in the BW ranges of 25-50, 50-80 and 80-115 kg. In addition to the performance experiments, nitrogen balance experiments were carried ...

Although there are many accounts of the diversity of algae consumed by anuran larvae, growth and digestive responses of tadpoles fed algae have been poorly studied. In this study, growth rates and digestive abilities of larval bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) fed monospecific algal diets were investigated. The four algal species used ...

To determine the effect of dietary starch, bicarbonate, and fat content on metabolic responses and serum creatine kinase (CK) activity in exercising Thoroughbreds with recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis (RER), 5 RER horses were fed 3 isocaloric diets (28.8 Mcal/d [120.5 MJ/d]) for 3 weeks in a crossover design and exercised for ...

The influence of length of excreta collection period (1, 3, 6, 10, 14 d) and prefeeding protocol (7 d either individual feeding in collection cages or group feeding in housing cages) on AMEn, nitrogen retention (NR), and apparent DM, organic matter and ether extract digestibility of corn and peas were ...

Nutrient digestibility of broiler feeds containing different levels of variously processed rice bran stored for varying periods was determined. A total of 444 Hubbard male chicks were used to conduct four trials. Each trial was carried out on 111 chicks to determine digestibility of 36 different feeds. Chicks of 5 ...

Two experiments were conducted to compare the nutritional value of normal and high-oil corn for pigs. The normal corn and the two varieties (high-oil corns A and B) of high-oil corn contained 4.41, 7.35 and 8.86% ether extract, on DM basis, respectively. In experiment 1, six non-littermate crossbred barrows (37.8 ...

Fructans are fermentable carbohydrates and include short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS), inulin, and hydrolyzed inulin (oligofructose, OF). Two studies with dogs were designed to examine the effects of low concentrations of fructans on nutrient digestibilities, fecal microbial populations, and endproducts of protein fermentation, and fecal characteristics. In Exp. 1, 11 adult male ...

The present investigation was undertaken to study whether conventional male Wistar rats could be used as a model for pigs with regard to total tract digestibilities of NSP and macronutrients and whether nebacitin-treated rats could be used as a model for small intestinal digestibility in pigs. Nineteen experimental diets prepared ...

Raw or germinated faba bean (Vicia faba minor var. Alameda) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum kabuli var. Athenas) seed meals were incorporated in essential amino acid-supplemented and energy-equalized diets for growing (65 (SD 1) g) male Wistar rats as the only sources of dietary protein. A lactalbumin-based diet was used as ...

Cephalopod metabolism typically involves carbohydrates and proteins, so that the lipid content of the mantle and all internal organs except the digestive gland is very low. Despite clear evidence of nonlipoid metabolic trends in cephalopods, we observed extracellular spheres, or droplets, in the cecum and digestive gland of newly collected ...

We hypothesized that increased feeding frequency in captive harbor seals would increase nutrient loads and thus reduce retention time and the digestive efficiency of natural prey. We measured daily feed intake and excretion during 6 feeding trials and fed herring (49% lipid), pollock (22% lipid) or an equal mix of ...

Welsh-cross pony geldings (about 300 kg live weight) were used in a 4x4 Latin square experiment to determine the rate of passage and apparent digestibility of unchopped big-bale grass silage (BBL), chopped big-bale grass silage (BBS), unchopped grass hay (HL) and chopped grass hay (HS) offered at approximately 15 g/kg ...

1. The apparent ileal nitrogen (N) and amino acid digestibilities in chaya leaf meal (CLM) (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) with added enzymes, and the same variables in diets containing different amounts of CLM were studied in chickens. 2. In the first experiment pectinase, beta-glucanase, and pectinase + beta-glucanase were added to CLM. ...

The objectives of this study were as follows: 1) to determine the rate and extent of starch disappearance from the small intestine of the rat fed selected starch sources, 2) to determine the ratios of the major starch fractions [rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS), and resistant starch ...

Two studies were conducted to assess the effect of dietary protein reduction on N utilization, N excretion, and AA digestibility in growing pigs. The objective was to determine whether pigs fed diets with a reduced CP concentration could maintain the same N retention as pigs fed an adequate diet. The ...

Muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) consume fibrous plants that grow rapidly over the short Arctic summer. We studied responses of eight castrated male muskoxen to a diet of grass hay and mineral supplements during spring, autumn, and winter. Animals gained body mass in spring (239+/-39 kg) as body fat content increased from ...

The efficiency of a mixture of xylanase and beta-glucanase enzymes was evaluated in two separate experiments on growing turkeys offered diets based on wheat or wheat and barley. 2. In the first experiment, the addition of 560 and 2800 IU of xylanase and beta-glucanase, respectively, per kg of diet significantly ...

The large intact prey ingested by Burmese pythons require considerable processing by the stomach before passage into the small intestine. To investigate the function and cost of gastric digestion and its contribution to postprandial metabolic response for the Burmese python, I examined the rate of gastric digestion, the postprandial profile ...

The effect of soaking in domestic processing, on the nutritive value of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.) cv IAC-Carioca, was studied. Five treatments were carried out with experimental diets, and offered to male, recently weaned Wistar rats. The protein sources were, respectively, control diet (casein) (CC), casein plus the ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate glycaemic and insulinaemic index and in vitro digestibility of the five most common Cameroonian mixed meals consisting of rice+tomato soup (diet A), bean stew+plantains (B), foofoo corn+ndolé (C), yams+groundnut soup (D), and koki beans+cassava (E). SUBJECTS: Ten healthy non-obese volunteers, aged 19-31 y, with no family history ...

Digestive processes determine whether the particular diet of a bird is utilized efficiently and whether energetic demands are met. Assimilation efficiency is often used as an index of whether a diet is digested optimally. Studies on the digestive processing of generalist feeders are scarce. Cape White-eyes (Zosterops pallidus) have a ...

Two hundred sixteen previously molted Dekalb Delta Leghorn laying hens (78 wk of age) were utilized to determine the effect of phytase on the ileal digestibility of amino acids. The hens were randomly arranged in a 3 x 2 factorial to evaluate three diet types that were corn-soybean meal (C-SBM), ...

Three pig bioassays and two digestibility trials were conducted to determine the true digestible Ile requirement for maximal weight gain and minimal plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) of growing (25 to 45 kg) pigs. In Exp. 1, an Ile-deficient basal diet was developed and confirmed to be markedly deficient in Ile, ...

1. A study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of linseed or demucilaged linseed in the diet on the performance, fat and fatty acid digestibilities, metabolisability of gross energy and intestinal microflora. 2. The dietary inclusions were 80 and 160 g/kg for linseed and 160 g/kg for ...

A 42-d trial was conducted to study the influence of exogenous alpha-amylase on digestive and performance traits in broilers fed a corn-soybean meal diet. There were two treatments (control and alpha-amylase supplemented diet) and six replicates (14 Cobb male chicks caged together) per treatment. At 7 d of age, alpha-amylase ...

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the utilization of several different soy products at different ages in New Hampshire x Columbian male chicks. Six pens of eight chicks were fed dextrose-protein source diets (23% CP) containing 1 of 10 different protein sources from 0 to 21 d of age. Excreta ...

We have studied the biosynthesis of mucins in organ cultures of human colon using isopycnic density-gradient centrifugation following pulse labelling with [(35)S]sulphate and [(3)H]-D-glucosamine. A high-density [(35)S]sulphate labelled component, of larger size than MUC2 monomers, appeared in the tissue and also in the medium. It was not degraded by reduction, ...

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA; mainly acetate, propionate and butyrate) are largely produced in non-ruminants during the colonic bacterial fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates. These intestinal exogenous SCFA pass in part through the splanchnic bed and reach the peripheral bloodstream, mixing with the endogenous circulating SCFA. The whole-body turnover of SCFA is ...

Digestion coefficients of nutrients give information about the amount of nutrients available to the animal but not about the rate or site of absorption. Gradual digestion of starch may have an amino acid sparing effect and therefore enhance growth efficiency of broiler chickens. A growth trial was performed with 6,800 ...

A digestibility trial was carried out in order to determine the quality of a commercial total mixed ration offered to lactating dairy goats. Three, 3 years old Murciano-Granadina goats at mid lactation were used in a Latin Square Design and, intake, apparent total tract digestibility and milk production and composition ...

The important nutritional contribution of dairy products to the Western diet makes that elimination of these products will have negative effects on health, unless compensatory supplements are taken. Suppletion of vitamins and calcium will be necessary and alternative protein sources have to be used. Many individuals eliminate all dairy products ...

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of chop length and mechanical processing of two hybrids of whole plant corn on digestion and energy content of the total mixed ration (TMR). The experimental designs in experiments 1 and 2 were 6 x 6 and 4 x 4 Latin squares, ...

Arctic foxes from Svalbard (n=4) and farmed blue foxes (n=4) was used in a digestibility experiment with a high-carbohydrate feed to add more information to the nutritional physiology of the arctic fox, and to compare its digestive capacity with that of the farmed blue fox. The arctic fox has a ...

Effects of conservation method of corn grain and dietary starch concentration on ruminal digestion kinetics were evaluated. Eight ruminally and duodenally cannulated Holstein cows (55 +/- 15.9 days in milk; mean +/- SD) were used in a duplicated 4 x 4 Latin square design with a 2 x 2 factorial ...

A semi-continuously mixed mesophilic tubular anaerobic digester was tested for the conversion of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) into biogas. The effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and the feed concentration on the extent of the degradation of the waste was examined. Varying the HRT between 12 and 20 days ...

Two samples of tomato seeds, a by-product of the tomato canning industry were evaluated to determine proximate analysis, amino acid content, and digestibility, TMEn, and protein efficiency ratio. Tomato seeds were also used to replace corn and soybean meal (SBM) in a chick diet on an equal true amino acid ...

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of varying drying temperature (Fresh, 85, 95 or 105 degrees C) on the nutritive value of maize and response of broiler chickens to diets based on such grain, and supplemented with a microbial enzyme (Avizyme 1500). The chemical composition of the grain ...

In this manuscript, the authors have sought to gain a better understanding of the interactions between Escherichia coli and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Rogossa MRS agar along the digestive tract of grain- and forage-fed cattle. E. coli from cattle receiving a high-grain diet were more numerous (P<0.05) than ...

Male growing pigs were fed a diet containing 250 g/kg of native corn starch (CS; 26% amylose, 74% amylopectin) or 250 g/kg of raw potato starch (RPS), as examples of digestible starch and resistant starch (Type II), respectively. Whole-tract digestibilities of organic matter, crude protein and starch were greater in ...

The increasing world production of turkeys and broilers is increasing the demand for wheat as a major feedstuff. Wheat and wheat-by products vary in apparent metabolizable energy (AME) content due to the presence of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). Enzymes have become an important dietary supplement to improve nutrient utilization and growth ...

The growth performance and nutrient utilization responses of White Pekin ducks to a commercial enzyme preparation were investigated. The enzyme contained 4,000 units amylase, 12,000 units protease, and 1,600 units xylanase per gram. Twelve pens of 10 ducks were fed diets based on corn and soybean meal and wheat middlings. ...

Necrotic enteritis, caused by Clostridium perfringens type A, is more prevalent in broilers fed wheat or barley diets than in those fed a corn diet. We compared the effects of wheat, barley and corn diets on in vitro proliferation of C. perfringens type A. Bacteria were inoculated into the supernatants ...

A trial was conducted with twenty group-housed pregnant sows to study the adaptation in nutrient digestibility to a starch-rich diet or a diet with a high level of fermentable non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) during a time period of 6 weeks. The starch-rich diet was primarily composed of wheat, peas and tapioca, ...