Present investigation deals with the effect of sulfide to nitrate (S/N) molar ratio on the simultaneous anaerobic sulfide and nitrate removal on capacity, stability and selectivity of the process. The volumetric sulfide-sulfur and nitrate-nitrogen removal rates at molar S/N ratio of 5:2 were 4.86 kg(m(3)d)(-1) and 0.99 kg(m(3)d)(-1), respectively, which ...

Two functions namely initial lung deposition and lung retention per unit faecal excretion rate are constructed primarily based on the excretion pattern of four subjects exposed to (239)Pu. In the absence of initial clear knowledge about the class of compound inhaled, faecal to urine excretion ratio was used to infer ...

Ninety-five lambs were fed as follows: lambs and dams grazing alfalfa (Gr); As Gr but lambs had access to concentrate (Gr+S); ewes grazed and lambs received milk and concentrate until weaning and thereafter concentrate and straw (Rat-Gr); ewes and lambs were stall-fed (Ind). Lambs were slaughtered at 22-24 kg of ...

The effect of sex and rearing system on growth and carcass and meat characteristics of milk fed Assaf lambs was studied. Thirty-six lambs, 18 males and 18 females were used. Twelve lambs remained with their mothers throughout the experiment (NR). Within 24-36h of birth, the rest were housed individually and ...

Nitrogen removal via nitrite, as opposed to the traditional nitrate, may be beneficial for carbon-limited biological wastewater treatment plants. However, reliable termination of nitrification at nitrite (nitritation) has proved difficult in the treatment of domestic wastewater. In this study, nitritation was attained in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with pre-denitrification ...

The aim of this study was to measure fat thickness, area and depth of the longissimus dorsi muscle using ultrasonography, to estimate carcass composition in live Akkaraman lambs. Fat thickness, area and depth of the longissimus dorsi muscle between the 12th and 13th ribs were measured in vivo and on ...

BACKGROUND: International guidelines have not reached a complete agreement about the optimal amount of dietary proteins in chronic kidney disease(CKD). The aim of this study was to compare, with a randomized-controlled design, the metabolic effects of two diets with different protein content (0.55 vs 0.80 g/kg/day) in patients with CKD ...

Aerated organic biofilters treating pig manure exhibit partial nitrogen removal. In order to optimize this process, a better comprehension of its colonization by denitrifiers was needed. Three pilot aerated biofilters, fed with variable Biological Oxygen Demand after five days: Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (BOD(5):TKN) ratios, were constructed and monitored during 180 ...

ALTHOUGH MANY TOOTHED WHALES (CETACEA: Odontoceti) lactate for 2-3 years or more, it is not known whether milk composition is affected by lactation stage in any odontocete species. We collected 64 pooled milk samples spanning 1-30 months postpartum from three captive bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus. Milks were assayed for water, ...

The objective of this study was to determine how interactions between dietary ruminally degradable protein (RDP) level and ruminally fermentable carbohydrate (RFC) alter urea N transfer to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the utilization of this recycled urea N in rapidly growing lambs fed high-N diets. Four Suffolk ram lambs ...

The aim of the present study was to assess the potential of valorisation of a solid industrial derivative of tallow, composed of saturated free-fatty acids ("stearin"), by fermentations carried out by the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica ACA-DC 50109 in order to produce microbial lipid, biomass and extra-cellular lipase. High quantities of ...

Using a tame animal, the impact of otter (Lutra lutra) disturbance on over-wintering carp (Cyprinus carpio) was monitored in two experiments, 133 and 140 days, respectively, over two consecutive winters (November-April). The level of stress in over-wintering carp exposed to various intensities of disturbance by otters was quantified using biological ...

The effects of diet and breed on the concentration of water-soluble flavour precursors, namely sugars, free amino acids, ribonucleotides, creatinine, carnosine and creatine, were studied in beef longissimus lumborum muscle. Diet had a significant effect on the concentration of free amino acids, with animals fed on grass silage having higher ...

The objective was to determine the effect of pre-slaughter growth rate on feed efficiency, components of body growth and on the tenderness of longissimus muscle from steers reared to a common age and carcass weight. Sixty Friesian steers were group-housed and offered grass silage ad libitum and 3.5kg concentrates per ...

The combination of the near infrared (NIR) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) absorbance spectra (1100-2500nm and 4000-600cm(-1)) of 100 cocoa powder samples was used to build calibration models for the determination of the content of fat, nitrogen, and moisture. The samples that comprised the dataset had an average composition of 13.51% ...

The influence of biochemical composition of different co-substrates added to raw sludge during co-composting process was studied. The physical properties of the composting mass and their influence on the biological activity were also investigated. Three treatments composed of mixtures of raw sludge and co-substrate (commercial fats, protein, and cellulose) were ...

The effect of different levels of silk flower hay (Calotropis procera Sw) in the diet of confined lambs by the substitution of the commonly used foraging broom corn hay (Sorghum bicolor L) was investigated to evaluate its possible effects on the growth and quality of the lamb meat. Twenty-four male ...

In light of previous work showing a marked metabolic alkalosis ("alkaline tide") in the bloodstream after feeding in the dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias), we evaluated whether there was a corresponding net base excretion to the water at this time. In the 48 h after a natural voluntary meal (teleost tissue, ...

OBJECTIVE: Sulphites are widely used food additives that may damage health, hence limits are set on their use. They are excreted in urine as sulphate, along with sulphate derived from sulphur amino acids. Dietary intakes of sulphites are hard to determine, so we have tested the utility of urinary nitrogen:sulphate ...

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the influence of meal time on salivary circadian cortisol rhythms and weight loss in obese women. METHODS: Twelve obese subjects (body mass index >40 kg/m(2)) were hospitalized for 64 d and then randomly assigned to one of three 18-d stages with a 5-d interval between ...

This study aimed to clarify the variation of urinary excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene, which is a major metabolite of pyrene, in relation to lifestyle, including factors such as diet and smoking. The study subjects were 251 workers (male: 196, female: 55, mean age: 44.3) who were not occupationally exposed to PAHs. ...

Three experiments were conducted to examine the effects of dietary vitamin A supplementation on performance and carcass parameters in Limosin×Luxi crossbreed finishing steers fed a wheat straw-based diet. Sixteen 12-month old (301±22kg) steers, 16 12-month old (309±15kg) steers and 16 24-month old (411±20kg) steers were used in experiment 1 for ...

1. Experiments were conducted to determine the nitrogen (N) requirement for maintenance (N(m)) in Yangzhou goslings. 2. At 56 d old, 18 birds were divided into three equal groups and fed on diets with equal metabolisable energy (ME) and different contents of crude protein (CP; low, medium and high) in ...

1. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary enzyme supplementation of a low-protein diet on performance, nitrogen excretion, fat deposition, hepatic lipogenic and lipolytic enzyme activity in 7-21- (Experiment 1) and 21-42-d-old (Experiment 2) male broiler chicks. 2. Chicks were given diets containing 210 g (Experiment 1) ...

High concentrations of dietary nitrogen have been associated with reductions in the fertility of dairy cows, but the evidence is not conclusive and many studies have shown little or no effect. This paper reviews recent investigations of the effect of rapidly degradable sources of nitrogen on parameters of fertility, and ...

Forty male albino rats were used to compare the nutritive value of mixed protein diets based on dehulled bambara groundnuts (DBG); undehulled bambara groundnuts (UDGB); rice flour (RF) and yam flour (YF) in young rats (45g-60g). These mixtures were nitrogenously formulated to provide 1.6g N/100g diet for 35 days. Combination ...

The aim of this trial was to investigate the effects that dietary tannins have on lamb intramuscular fatty acids. Twenty-seven lambs were divided into three homogeneous groups: control group, receiving commercial concentrate based on maize; tannin group, fed a diet based on carob pulp (45% as fed basis); PEG group, ...

Growth conditions that support bacteriocin (thermophilin T) production by Streptococcus thermophilus ACA-DC 0040 were identified. Synthesis of thermophilin T occurred during primary metabolic growth, while its specific rate of synthesis seemed to be optimal at T = 30 degrees C. Thermophilin T activity rapidly decreased in the stationary phase, especially ...

Finishing feeding was evaluated as a way to improve carcass-, meat- and eating quality of culled dairy cows. In total, 125 Danish Friesian cows were purchased from commercial dairy herds. Cows were culled for various typical reasons at different stages of lactation, were non-pregnant and had milk yield at culling ...

To determine the source of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (N) in runoff, approx. 35kg N enriched with the stable isotope (15)N (2110 per thousand delta(15)N) was added to a mature coniferous forested catchment for one whole year. The total N input was approx. 50kg ha(-1) year(-1). The enrichment study was part ...

Three groups of six calves each were fed a milk replacer and a starter concentrate for 15weeks. Calves of the first group received the basal diet containing selenium (Se) and vitamin E at 0.095-0.128mg and 30-33mg per kg of total solids, respectively. Calves of the second group received the basal ...

The role of dietary arginine in affecting nitrogen utilisation and excretion was studied in juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed for 72 days with diets differing in protein sources (plant protein-based (PM) and fish-meal-based (FM)). Fish growth performance and nitrogen utilisation revealed that dietary Arg surplus was beneficial only ...

This study measured the effect of replacing dietary fat from an animal source with palm oil supplements on the intramuscular fatty acid profile and sensory quality traits of the meat from young bulls. Thirty-six entire male Friesian calves (mean age=6.8±1.1 months, mean live weight=162.5±28.6kg) were assigned to one of four ...

The objective of this experiment was to assess the effects of substituting sorghum silage by fresh orange pulp in the diet of sheep on intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance of sheep. Sixteen male crossbred sheep, with mean body weight of 28.3 kg (±2.41) kg, were used. The treatments consisted ...

Workers are routinely monitored by urinalysis for exposure to uranium at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Urine samples are analysed by alpha spectroscopy for 234U, 235U and 238U. Interpretation of the data is complicated by the presence of natural uranium in the workers' drinking water and diet. Earlier methods used drinking ...

BACKGROUND: Although adequate peritoneal dialysis is not well defined, Kt/Vurea has been used as an index, and various values have been proposed. However, conflicting evidence existed regarding the appropriateness of using Kt/Vurea to define dialysis adequacy and its optimal value. Therefore, the present study performed a theoretical analysis on whether ...

A study was carried out to investigate the effect of restricting silage feeding on time of calving and calving performance in Holstein-Friesian cows. In the treatment group (n = 1,248 cows, 12 herds) silage feeding commenced in the evening (17:00 to 20:00 h), after a period of restricted access (2 ...

The effect of cypermethrin on protein content of the gill, liver, and muscle tissue was estimated in fish, Cirrhinus mrigala. Fish were exposed to lethal and sublethal concentrations of cypermethrin (5.13 microg/l and 1.026 microg/l) for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 1, 7, 14, 21 days. The glutamine and urea ...

The impact of host nutrition on symbiont regulation in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum was investigated. The population density of the obligate symbiont Buchnera aphidicola positively correlated with dietary nitrogen levels. In contrast, the population density of the facultative symbiont Serratia symbiotica increased in aphids reared on low-nitrogen diets, indicating ...

In the present study, the production and fate of bacterial metabolites in the colon were investigated in a direct way using two substrates labelled with stable isotopes: lactose [(15)N,(15)N]ureide as a source of labelled ammonia and egg proteins intrinsically labelled with [(2)H4]tyrosine as a precursor of [(2)H4]p-cresol. Both ammonia and ...

The effect of slaughter weight and sex on some carcass traits of suckling kids of the Florida breed was evaluated. A total of 60 kids (30 male and 30 female), fed exclusively on milk replacers, were slaughtered at 7-8kg (group 1), 10-11kg (group 2) or 14-15kg (group 3) of liveweight ...

This paper describes the responses of consumers in six European countries (Greece, Italy, Spain, France, Iceland and United Kingdom) tasting meat from twelve different local types of lambs produced in those same six countries. Animals represented 10 breeds and crossbreeds, three sexes, several diets composed of either milk, concentrates and ...

The main goal of the present work was to determine the overall antioxidant status in fresh meat from animals fed different diets and to differentiate them through their odour profiles. Attributes were evaluated in beef from pasture or grain-fed animals with (PE and GE) or without supplementation (P and G) ...

Bos indicus crossbred cattle (n=79) were fed vitamin D(3) (0 or 3 million IU/hd/d) for 5d. Afterwards, half of each group was slaughtered immediately, while half was fed, without supplementation, for 7d before processing. Serum calcium concentration was increased (P<0.05) in cattle after supplement removal, but not immediately following supplementation. ...

Crossbred barrows (n=128; 85±0.91kg) were randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments. A pelleted corn-soybean diet containing 5ppm Paylean(®) (PAY) was tested against a negative control (NCON) diet formulated to meet or exceed the National Research Council's requirements for the growing pig, a pelleted corn-soybean diet containing 0.92% creatine ...

The effects of dietary daidzein during late gestation on maternal performance, neonatal body composition, carcass and meat quality at market weight, and skeletal muscle cellularity were studied. Multiparous sows received a soybean-free diet (n=8, control) or the same diet supplemented with 1mg daidzein/kg body weight (n=7) daily from d 85 ...

The project objective was to determine the CLA content of three muscles (Longissimus lumborum, LD; Semimembranosus, SM; Triceps brachii, TB), in both raw and cooked states, in cattle finished on pasture or with grain supplements. Cattle were randomly assigned to one of four finishing regimens; pasture (n=11), pasture with grain ...

The objectives were to determine the nutrient composition and variation in eight cuts of bison meat in bulls and heifers and identify nutrient relationships in the clod and sirloin by principal component analysis. The nutrients analyzed were: energy, protein, total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, transfat, cholesterol, vitamin ...

In pork production, the efficiency of dietary protein (AA) use is low, resulting in urinary excretion of large quantities of nitrogen as urea. Use of AA and formation of urea are under enzymatic regulation, suggesting genetic regulation. The current study examined the effects of sire line, sire, and sex on ...

The performance of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats grazing natural pasture and supplemented with different levels of urea-treated cassava peels (UTCP) was evaluated. The urea treatments were 0% UTCP, 4% UTCP (40g urea/kg), 6% UTCP (60g urea/kg) and 8% UTCP (80g urea/kg).Twenty WAD bucks aged between 6 and 9 months ...