Three experiments were conducted to determine the Val and Ile requirements in low-CP, corn-soybean meal (C-SBM) AA-supplemented diets for 20- to 45-kg pigs. All experiments were conducted for 26 to 27 d with purebred or crossbred barrows and gilts, which were blocked by initial BW. Treatments were replicated with 5 ...

Tryptophan as a precursor of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) has long been used to extenuate aggressive behavior and control stress of humans as well as several farm animals. This study was conducted to determine the effect of supplemental L-Trp on growth, cerebral 5-HT concentration, stress hormone concentration, oxidative stress status, and ...

Cisplatin (CP) is known as one of the most potent chemotherapeutic antitumor drugs. The tissue-specific toxicity of CP in the kidneys is well documented. However, at higher doses less common toxic effects such as hepatotoxicity may arise. Since CP remains one of the most effective antineoplastic drug used in chemotherapy, ...

Conventional (whole body) CYP2E1 knockout mice displayed protection against high fat diet induced weight gain, obesity and hyperlipidemia with increased energy expenditure despite normal food intake and spontaneous locomotor activity. In addition, the CYP2E1 knockout mice displayed a marked improvement in glucose tolerance on both a normal chow and high ...

Olive flounder, Paralichythys olivaceus fed with pomegranate enriched diet and challenged with or without Philasterides dicentrarchi had a significantly higher white blood cell (WBC) count on weeks 2 and 4 than the infected group fed with non enriched diet (standard diet). Similarly the red blood cell (RBC) counts did not ...

We recently characterised Sprouty1 (Spry1), a growth factor signalling inhibitor as a regulator of marrow progenitor cells promoting osteoblast differentiation at the expense of adipocytes. Adipose tissue-specific Spry1 expression in mice resulted in increased bone mass and reduced body fat, while conditional knockout of Spry1 had the opposite effect with ...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of feeding rumen-protected CLA during the early growing period on physical and chemical beef properties in young Simmental heifers. Thirty six 5 months old heifers (initial BW 185 ± 21 kg) were allotted to three treatment groups and fed ...

Spirulina platensis is a microalgae with potent dietary phyto-antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. We investigated the mechanism of cisplatin induced hepatotoxicity and whether this natural antioxidant provided protection against cisplatin hepatotoxicity. The study was carried out in a mice model where the animals were segregated into different groups according to ...

Two hundred and two strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from digestive tracts of cultivated and wild adult shrimp, including Litopenaeus vannamei, Metapenaeus brevicornis and Penaeus merguiensis were selected based on their antibacterial activity against Vibrio harveyi. LAB strain of MRO3.12 exhibiting highest reduction of V. harveyi was identified as ...

Uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) may reduce mitochondrial ROS production, and thereby protect against mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle. UCP3 has been suggested to specifically fulfill this role under high-fat conditions. Here we show that UCP3 knockout mice indeed have elevated mitochondrial ROS production after short-term (8weeks) high-fat feeding. After 26weeks ...

The effect of packaging in nitrogen (N(2)) atmosphere or in air on the quality of peeled and roasted almond var. Guara during storage for 20 weeks at 20 °C ± 1 °C and 65-70% relative humidity (RH) was studied. No changes in the sugar, fat, protein or fiber contents were ...

It has been reported that a Mediterranean-type diet in old age is protective against inflammation in Italians with depressive symptoms. In the present study, we explore this hypothesis in a non-Mediterranean, elderly sample, and further disentangle whether it is a Mediterranean diet per se or a healthy diet, in general, ...

Berberine (BBR) has recently been shown to improve insulin sensitivity in rodent models of insulin resistance. Although this effect was explained partly through an observed activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the upstream and downstream mediators of this phenotype were not explored. Here, we show that BBR supplementation reverts mitochondrial ...

OBJECTIVES: Recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress can promote antioxidant defense and thus be athero-protective. n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) are more prone to oxidation, compared to monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and yet have proven anti-atherosclerotic effects. In this study, we tested whether early exposure to a diet rich ...

Animals do not eat whatever food item they encounter, but choose different foods that best match their requirements. Fish exhibit such "nutritional wisdom" and adapt their feeding behaviour and food intake according to their needs and the nutritional properties of diets. In this paper, we tested the ability of Nile ...

Salvianolic acid A (SalA) is one of the main active ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhizae. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of SalA on the diabetic vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED). The rats were given a high-fat and high-sucrose diet for 1 month followed by intraperitoneal injection of ...

The prevalence of obesity is increasing in adult and child populations throughout the world. Childhood obesity has a great impact on adult cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; treatment of this pathological state is important given the significant health consequences. We investigated the effect of short-term lifestyle changes on the alteration of ...

Objective - Dietary intake of industrially hydrogenated trans fatty acids (TFA) has been associated with coronary heart disease. Dietary flaxseed can inhibit atherosclerosis induced by dietary cholesterol. The aim of this study was to determine if supplementing the diet with flaxseed could protect against atherosclerosis induced by a diet enriched ...

Chronic feeding on high-calorie diets causes obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), illnesses that affect hundreds of millions. Thus, understanding the pathways protecting against diet-induced metabolic imbalance is of paramount medical importance. Here, we show that mice lacking SIRT1 in steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) neurons are hypersensitive to dietary ...

There is considerable interest in the study of free radical-mediated damage to biological systems due to pesticide exposure. However, there is a lack of consensus as to which determinations are best used to quantify future risks arising from xenobiotic exposure and natural antioxidant interventions. Our study investigated the potential ability ...

This paper pays a tribute to Dr. Frank I Tovey on his 90th birthday which happens on September 1, 2011, and briefly describes the major findings in his research career and contributions as follows. The geographical prevalence of duodenal ulceration is related to staple diets. Unrefined wheat and maize, soya, ...

An increased intestinal permeability is associated with several diseases. Previously, we have shown that dietary Ca decreases colonic permeability in rats. This might be explained by a calcium-phosphate-induced increase in luminal buffering capacity, which protects against an acidic pH due to microbial fermentation. Therefore, we investigated whether dietary phosphate is ...

Sixteen male red deer (Cervus elaphus), with an initial weight of 93.83 ± 4.38 kg were used to study the effect of the dietary level of ruminally protected methionine (RPM) on growth, antler morphometry and serum metabolites. The deer were allowed to graze and were individually supplemented with concentrate to provide 0, 2.5, ...

Context: In utilization of Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt and Smith (Zingiberaceae) (AZ), usually the angiocarps are discarded without further use. Objective: We speculate whether the angiocarps could show hypolipidemic effect. Methods and methods: Several diets were prepared: Alpinia seed powder (ASP); Alpinia seed powder/husk (ASH): 40/60; and Alpinia seed essential ...

To evaluate the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of lemongrass oil against in dexamethasone induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Administration of dexamethasone was given at 10 mg/kg, sc. to the adult rats for 8 d induces hyperlipidemia characterized by marked increase in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels along with increase in atherogenic index. Lemongrass ...

Fast-growing broiler chicks are susceptible to Se deficiency diseases including exudative diathesis (ED). Our objective was to determine if ED could be induced by feeding a current, practical diet and if the incidence was related to selenogenome expression in liver and muscle of chicks. Four groups of day-old broiler chicks ...

Feeding kelp grouper, Epinephelus bruneus (26.1 ± 1.4), with 0%, 0.1%, 1.0%, and 2.0% Kalopanax pictus extract-supplementation diets, for 30 days reduced mortality on being challenged intraperitoneally 100 μl with bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus (2.1 × 10(7) cfu ml(-1)) and ciliate parasite Philasterides dicentrarchi (2.3 × 10(7) ciliates ml(-1)). The red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), haemoglobin, haematocrit, lymphocytes, and ...

Male rats were given vitamins C+E, methyl parathion, or both daily via gavage for seven weeks. Body weight was decreased while liver weight increased significantly at the end of fourth and seventh weeks in the methyl parathion- and methyl parathion plus vitamin-treated groups. Serum total protein, albumin, triglyceride, low density ...

The protective effect of Enterococcus faecium EF55 in chickens challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis phage type 4 (SE PT4) was assessed. The antibacterial effect on the bacterial microflora in the small intestine in relation to white blood cell count, phenotyping of peripheral blood and intestinal lymphocytes, functional activity of ...

Increasing sociopolitical concerns with antibiotic use have led to investigations of potential alternatives for food safety and growth promotion. Direct-fed microbials (DFM) including spore-based probiotics are amenable to feed inclusion and are extremely stable. We isolated several Bacillus spp. from environmental and poultry sources and tested them for their ability ...

The fruits of Piperretrofractum Vahl. have been used for their anti-flatulent, expectorant, antitussive, antifungal, and appetizing properties in traditional medicine, and they are reported to possess gastroprotective and cholesterol-lowering properties. However, their anti-obesity activity remains unexplored. The present study was conducted to isolate the anti-obesity constituents from P. retrofractum Vahl. ...

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to investigate whether daily administration of green tea is able to protect the liver injury induced by cholesterol. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n = 24) were distributed into four groups: group 1, negative control; group 2, cholesterol at 1% (w/w) in the diet treated for ...

ABSTRACT: Background and Aims: The effect of red palm oil (RPO) supplementation on infarct size after ischaemia/reperfusion in a cholesterol enriched diet-induced hyperlipidemic animal model has not been reported. Previous studies reported results on the effect of RPO in a normal diet, whilst evidence of protection has been linked to ...

The present study was performed to investigate the effects of various levels of dietary Bacillus subtilis and chitosan on the growth performance, non-specific immunity and protection against Vibrio harveyi infection in cobia, Rachycentron canadum. Fish were fed with the control diet and six different experimental diets containing three graded levels ...

Scope: Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin found in maize and maize-based foods. It causes animal diseases and is a suspected risk factor for cancer and birth defects in humans. Extrusion cooking reduces FB1 concentrations in maize however toxicity caused by unknown degradation or FB1-matrix reaction products might persist. Methods ...

The qualitative characteristics, lipids and chemical composition of the meat of 35 Nellore young bulls were analyzed. These bulls had an average slaughter weight and fat thickness of 532.17±30.2kg, and 7.00mm, respectively. Significant differences were found only in the meat's water holding capacity (WHC), which was higher for animals fed ...

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been reported to remove mycotoxins from aqueous solutions through a binding process, which appears to be species and strain specific. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the protective role of Lactobacillus casei (L1) and Lactobacillus reuteri (L2) against aflatoxin (AFs)-induced oxidative stress ...

There is a critical need to potentially individualize new strategies able to prevent and to slow down the progression of predementia and dementia syndromes. Only recently higher adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet was associated with decreased cognitive decline although the Mediterranean diet (MeDi) combines several foods, micro- and macronutrients already ...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Recently, a number of epidemiological studies have evidence that some dietary factors such as low antioxidants and vitamins intake could increase the risk of AD. In the opposite, diets rich in unsaturated fatty acids, in polyphenols, vitamins and antioxidants were ...

The present study describes, for the first time, the protective effect of natural curcumin in vivo in a lower vertebrate, a teleost, Anabas testudineus (Bloch). Two doses of curcumin 0.5 and 1% were supplemented in the 40% protein feed and fed to fish for the periods, 2 and 8 weeks. The ...

Cocoa products, which are rich sources of flavonoids, have been shown to reduce blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular disease. Dark chocolate contains saturated fat and is a source of dietary calories; consequently, it is important to determine whether consumption of dark chocolate adversely affects the blood lipid profile. ...

Two phytonutrient mixtures, VAC (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, and Capsicum oleoresin), and MC (Capsicum oleoresin and turmeric oleoresin), were evaluated for their effects on local and systemic immune responses following immunization of chickens with an Eimeria recombinant protein. Chickens were fed from hatch with a non-supplemented diet, or with diets supplemented with ...

Soybeans are known to protect against osteoporosis, but other legumes frequently consumed in Asia have not been studied to learn if they have a similar protective effect. This study investigated the hypothesis that consumption of soybean, mung bean, cowpea, and adzuki bean has beneficial effects on bone biomarkers in ovariectomized ...

Previous studies have indicated that reducing dietary CP may improve N utilization and effectively diminish manure ammonia emissions; however, the response of manure odor emissions to such dietary modifications has been inconsistent. The objective of the current experiment was to induce decreased lactobacilli (DL) numbers in the distal gastrointestinal tract ...

A 6-month experiment with nine dietary treatments was conducted to determine amounts of S plus Mo supplements required to maintain normal hepatic concentrations of Cu and Mo and to prevent chronic Cu toxicity in lambs fed palm kernel cake (PKC) diets. All diets consisted of PKC supplemented with minerals and ...

The objectives of this research were to determine the interaction of monensin and haylage supplementation for steers fed 60% dried distillers grains (DDGS) on (1) mineral status, performance, and carcass characteristics, and (2) ruminal pH, H(2)S and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. Exp. 1: Angus-cross steers (n = 168; ...

Selenium is an essential trace element possessing immune-stimulatory properties. The purpose of this 42-day study was to investigate the effects of excess dietary selenium on cellular immune function by determining morphological changes of thymus and peripheral blood T-cell subset. Three hundred 1-day-old avian broilers were fed on a basic diet ...

Oxidative stress has been implicated broadly as a cause of cell death and neural degeneration in multiple disease conditions; however, the evidence for successful intervention with dietary antioxidant manipulations has been mixed. In this study, we investigated the potential for protection of cells in the inner ear using a dietary ...

High dietary protein intake is associated with greater survival in maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients. High-protein foods may increase dietary phosphorus burden, which is associated with increased mortality in these patients. Hypothesis is: an egg white based diet with low phosphorus to protein ratio (<1.4 mg/g) will lower serum phosphorus without ...

An experiment was carried out to determine melamine residual levels in eggs by feeding laying hens 200 or 1,000 mg of melamine/kg of diet. Each diet was offered in 3 replicate cages (10 laying hens/cage) from d 1 to 29, followed by a 9-d feeding of a withdrawal diet that ...