Cryptosporidium meleagridis oocysts, originally isolated from droppings of commercial turkey poults with increased mortality due to viral (reovirus) hepatitis and enteritis, were treated with peracetic acid to kill companion bacteria and viruses and then propagated by passage in young turkeys. Thirty-eight 5-day-old large white turkey poults were inoculated by crop ...

Six sheep were fed a diet with normal phosphorus content for 1 month after which plasma inorganic phosphorus (Pi), calcium, osteocalcin (BGP) and alkaline phosphatase concentrations were measured over a 48 h period. The same animals were then fed a low phosphorus diet for a further month prior to a ...

Mature sheep fitted with rumen and duodenal cannulae were fed pelleted diets made from hay that had been either coarsely or finely ground. The diets were supplemented with phosphorus and the effects on salivary phosphorus secretion, net intestinal phosphorus absorption and the route of excretion were examined. Changing the particle ...

The levels of cholesterol and dolichyl phosphate in the liver of an abortus with severe mevalonic aciduria were found to be approximately 60% of the mean of 5 age matched controls, while the level of squalene was within the normal range. Thus, despite a level of mevalonate kinase reported to ...

The clinical course of a patient is described in whom hyperphosphatemia occurred on total parenteral nutrition with lipid emulsion providing half of the nonnitrogenous caloric support. Renal insufficiency, hypoparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism, and severe catabolism are excluded as causes of this hyperphosphatemia. Changes in serum phosphate are attributed to metabolism of phospholipid ...

Adult cats were adapted to hypoglucidic semi-purified diets containing casein or soya as the protein source to study the effects of a 2 hr immobilization period. Body weight of cats fed hypoglucidic diets was significantly decreased. The control casein group showed higher plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity but lower pyridoxal 5'-phosphate level ...

Fifteen patients with advanced renal failure (creatinine clearance less than 25 ml/mn) and with severe albuminuria (greater than 1.5 g/24 h) were put on a low-protein (0.3 g/kg body weight), low-phosphorus (5-7 mg/kg body weight) diet supplemented with essential amino acids and ketoanalogues. During the 6-month follow-up, urinary albumin excretion ...

Two experiments involving 1,152 turkeys were conducted to determine the relative bioavailability of phosphorus of eight phosphates from commercial and experimental sources. The basal diet, composed of 52% dehulled soybean meal and 41% ground yellow corn, contained 1.48% calcium and .44% total phosphorus. Phosphorus from the eight sources was added ...

The ratio of the bioaccumulation factors for 32P and phosphorus was determined for edible tissue in two species of freshwater fish by measuring the specific activity (32P activity per milligram phosphorus) in muscle relative to feed. The 32P tracer was added to the feed at a uniform level throughout the ...

The hypothesis that chronic metabolic acidosis encountered in some patients with primary hyperparathyroidism is due to inhibition of proximal HCO3 reabsorption has recently been challenged. Indeed, this action of parathyroid hormone (PTH) has only been observed in acute studies, whereas in animal models of chronic hyperparathyroidism a metabolic alkalosis has ...

Bioavailability of P from defluorinated phosphate and dicalcium phosphate and the P requirement were studied with 63 male Holstein calves. A P depletion diet containing .08% total P on a dry matter basis was fed to all animals for 4 wk beginning at 6 wk of age and 61 kg ...

Using an animal model involving rats fed tetraethylorthosilicate, the minimal effective dietary concentration of ammonium chloride for reduction of silica urolithiasis was determined to be approximately 0.10 equivalents/kg diet. Ammonium sulfate appeared to be only slightly less effective. The lower incidences of urolithiasis were associated with urinary pH less than ...

NAD content and the rate of NAD hydrolysis were determined in proximal convoluted tubules (PCT), proximal straight tubules (PST), and adjacent cortical nephron segments microdissected from kidneys of thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats. In the basal state, rats fed a normal phosphate diet had an NAD content higher in PCT, PST, and ...

Mature sheep fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were fed either a pelleted hay or a pelleted grass diet with or without supplementary phosphorus. Salivary phosphorus secretion, net intestinal phosphorus absorption and the route of phosphorus excretion were determined. The route of excretion was markedly affected by diet with urinary ...

In contrast to corn, wheat and triticale exhibit high phytase activities. This enzyme enhances phytic phosphorus availability, as demonstrated in pigs given wheat diets. To study the utilization of triticale phosphorus in pigs, the importance of dietary phytase content and the mineral and bone disorders related to high phytate feeding, ...

The control of phosphorus excretion in sheep has been examined by constructing a kinetic model that contains a mechanistic set of connections between blood and gastrointestinal tract. The model was developed using experimental data from chaff-fed sheep and gives an accurate description of the absorption and excretion of phosphorus in ...

Two experiments, each utilizing 540 turkeys, were conducted to determine the biological value of phosphorus from 13 different sources when compared with that from dicalcium phosphate (dihydrate, purified) as a standard. Each phosphorus source was added to a basal diet composed of 44% ground yellow corn and 52% dehulled soybean ...

The duodenal and ileal absorption of 32P was studied by an in vivo method in control chicks and in chicks fed for 2 weeks a diet deficient in calcium or phosphorus. The results showed a highly significant increase in duodenal and ileal phosphate absorption in chicks fed a low calcium ...

Plasma phosphorus levels were evaluated for one hundred adult breeding ewes from transhumant producer flocks during the late rainy season (September 1984/1985), the mid-dry season (February 1985) and the late-dry season (May 1985). The percentage of non-pregnant/non-lactating ewes critically deficient in phosphorus increased from 9% in the rainy season to ...

In recent phase 1 clinical trials, caracemide [N-acetyl-N-(methylcarbamoyloxy)-N-methylurea; NSC-253272] has demonstrated a marked potential to produce severe central nervous system (CNS) toxicity. Recent in vitro studies of this antitumor agent have presented indirect evidence indicating that methyl isocyanate is a likely metabolite which results from incubation of caracemide with either ...

Hisex White pullets, hatched in November, were used to study the influence of the amount of dietary phosphorus in practical grower diets during the 8 to 20-week growing period. Measurement were made on 20-week body weight, bone ash, and layer house performance. All chicks were fed a 21% protein starter ...

The performance of 1680 male and female broiler chickens given diets with either a low (4.7-4.3 g/kg) or high (8.9-8.2 g/kg) content of inorganic phosphorus and four (150, 200, 250 and 300 mEq/kg) electrolyte balances (Na+K-Cl) was measured from 1-d-old to 49 d of age. Diets with the higher concentration ...

Thirty Holstein cows were fed diets of 50% grain and 50% corn silage (dry matter basis) through the first 18 wk of lactation. Grain mixes were supplemented with inorganic calcium sources (aragonite, calcite flour, or albacar) to provide .6 or .9% dietary calcium (dry matter basis). Phytate phosphorus intake averaged ...

Uraemic rats maintained on either a high or a low phosphate diet for 12 weeks were allocated to one of the following oral vitamin D treatment groups and received: 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1, 25-(OH)2D3], 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [24,25-(OH)2D3], both 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3, or no vitamin D supplements. Mean serum creatinine concentrations were elevated to ...

The mechanism of the concentrating defect of hypercalcemia is explored by examining the effect of concomitant phosphate restriction. Rats were pair fed a normal phosphorus diet, without (group 1) or with dihydrotachysterol (group 2), or a low-phosphorus diet (group 3). Hypercalcemia was comparable in groups 2 (12.1 +/- 0.6 mg/dl) ...

These experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that avid phosphate reabsorption by the pars recta accounts for the resistance to the phosphaturic effects of acute dexamethasone (DEX) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) infusions in rats fed a low-phosphate diet. Acute infusion of DEX [0.4 mg/(kg X h)] increased the fractional ...

A quantitative programme for X-ray microanalysis is used in a non-standard manner on solubilized tissue which has been spiked with cobalt and sprayed as microdroplets on electron microscope grids. During the procedure the count time and the concentration of cobalt is related to the peak integral and, from the relative ...

The possible relationship between pyridoxal phosphate-dependent ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity has been studied in the osteoblasts of the growth-plate of metatarsals of rats fed a pyridoxine-deficient diet, which caused depressed G6PD levels. The G6PD activity was fully restored when it was assayed in the presence ...

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of graded levels of dicalcium phosphate on bone mineralization in 1 and 3-week-old poults. Corn-soybean meal diets calculated to contain 1.5% calcium and either .35, .55, .75, .95, or 1.15% available phosphorus were fed to battery brooder reared poults for 3 weeks. ...

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of excess dietary calcium carbonate, phosphorus and urine acidifying and alkalizing salts on silica urolith formation in a model using rats fed dextrose-based diets containing 2% tetraethylorthosilicate (TES). Diets containing 2% TES lowered weight gains to 91-95% of gains made by rats ...

We studied changes in renal mitochondrial glutamine metabolism during the development of and recovery from K+ depletion in rats. Significant increase in mitochondrial NH3 production was noted after 3 days of K+-free diet. Ammoniagenesis in K+-depleted animals reached maximal level within 2 wk of K+ deprivation when there was 64% ...

Composite total diet samples, representative of 15 different commodity types overall encompassing an average complete adult diet, from each of eight regions in the UK, were analysed for the presence of trialkyl- and triarylphosphates. The analytical method consisted of solvent extraction, size exclusion clean-up and determination of individual phosphates by ...

Following 5/6 nephrectomy, 18 rats were fed a normal diet. After 30 days, serum creatinine (SCr), urine protein excretion and urine volume were increased compared to pre-nephrectomy (0.27 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.62 +/- 0.6 mg/deciliter, 17.0 +/- 10.3 vs. 257.6 +/- 13.4 mg/24 hr, and 16.6 +/- 4.4 vs. 39.2 ...

Renal adaptation to low dietary phosphorus (P) can occur within 4 h. To characterize events preceding adaptation, rats were gavaged with 0.6% P (+P) or 0.03% P (-P) diet and killed 1, 2, or 4 h later. Brush border membrane vesicles were prepared and Na-dependent phosphate (Pi), glucose, and 1-proline ...

The possibility that dietary exposure to triphenyl phosphate (TPP) may result in detectable neuromotor dysfunction was investigated. Young male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing TPP at levels of 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 or 1.0% for 4 months. At approximately monthly intervals, a battery of behavioral tests was administered to ...

A study was conducted to test the independent and combined effects of high dietary calcium and low available phosphorus on the incidence of urolithiasis in pullets and laying hens. One thousand Single Comb White Leghorn pullets were divided into four diet treatment groups beginning at 50 days of age. A ...

The effects of ingesting moderate levels of aluminum (5-272 micrograms Al/g diet) were assessed in two short-term (18-d) studies with rats. Rats were fed diets that contained no added aluminum or aluminum lactate, aluminum palmitate, aluminum phosphate or aluminum hydroxide in either reagent grade or desiccated gel forms. The average ...

Early proximal convoluted tubules were perfused in vivo with equilibrium Ringer buffered at pH 7.65 and 6.5 to characterize phosphate absorption due to changes in extracellular and intracellular hydrogen ion concentration. Phosphate absorption is normally greater from intraluminal pH 7.65 compared with pH 6.5 in thyroparathyroidectomized rats with fractional phosphate ...

The proximal tubule cell adjusts its phosphate absorption appropriately to meet the needs of the organism. Studies were performed to characterize some of the cellular changes involved with dietary phosphate adaptation. First, early proximal convoluted tubules were perfused with equilibrium Ringer solutions buffered to pH 7.65 or 6.5. Saturation kinetics ...

Net phosphate absorption was studied at different sites of the intestine in milk-fed lambs of different age (1 week, 3-4 weeks, 10-13 weeks) and also in lambs fed a solid diet (age: 10-13 weeks). Disappearance of phosphate from ligated intestinal segments filled or perfused with an electrolyte solution containing 1.2 ...

Oral administration of manganese to young rats results in poorly mineralized primary spongiosa and an irregularly thickened growth plate with a histologic resemblance to that in vitamin D-deficiency rickets. In the present study, the rachitic lesions were characterized by stereologic methods at the light microscopic level. With increasing doses of ...

Mature sheep fitted with rumen and duodenal cannulae were fed either a hay or a concentrate diet and the effects on salivary phosphorus secretion, net intestinal phosphorous absorption and pathway for phosphorous excretion were examined. Route of excretion was markedly affected by diet with urine phosphorus levels being much higher ...

In vivo studies indicate that the extent of phosphate (Pi) reabsorption differs in proximal tubules of superficial (SC) and juxtamedullary (JM) nephrons. Since Na-gradient (Nao greater than Nai) dependent uptake of Pi by the luminal brushborder membrane (BBM) may be the rate-determining step in proximal tubular reabsorption, we studied this ...

Changes in the kinetics of sodium gradient-dependent brush border Pi transport in response to dietary phosphorus deprivation were analysed using initial rate conditions. In rats adapted to low phosphorus diet the apparent Vmax, determined from a double-reciprocal plot, was increased 2-fold but the apparent Km was not different compared to ...

An experiment was conducted with day-old Cobb feather-sexed chicks to determine the influence of virginiamycin on phosphorus. When the average of the three levels of phosphorus were combined, utilization, body weights, and bone ash at 21-days of age were improved by the addition of virginiamycin to the diet. Also the ...

The availability of fluoride (F) from dicalcium phosphate (DCP), defluorinated phosphate (DFP), and raw rock phosphate (RRP) has been assessed and compared to the availability of F as NaF. Diets containing 50-55 ppm F were fed to lambs and rats and skeletal F retention determined. The relative availability of F ...

This study was carried out to test the hypothesis that kidney calcification caused by high dietary phosphorus intake can be prevented by increasing the calcium content of the diet, because the latter reduces the intestinal P absorption. The investigation was conducted in rats fed semipurified diets with either a low ...

Previous studies are equivocal as to whether the dog kidney produces histidine. Because one possible source of renal histidine is carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine), we investigated net renal production (release) or utilization (uptake) (Qmet) of histidine and carnosine in 19 female dogs after they were fed histidine-free (9 dogs) or histidine-containing diets ...

Vanadate in the presence of pyridoxal phosphate promotes the decarboxylation of S-adenosylmethionine. Pyridoxal has a lower effect; pyridoxine none. The rate of decarboxylation depends on pyridoxal phosphate and vanadate concentration. Vanadate as low as 10(-7) M gives significant decarboxylation. The reaction seems to occur through the formation of a Schiff ...

The effects of varying dietary levels of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium on the incidence and severity of intranephronic calculosis were studied. Renal calculi were induced by feeding female rats the AIN-76TM semipurified diet for 4 weeks. During this time period, dietary levels of 350, 450 or 550 mg calcium per ...