Poor nutrition in the first year of a mother's life and undernutrition in utero, infancy, childhood, and adulthood predispose individuals to stroke in later life, but the mechanism of increased stroke risk is unclear. Overnutrition also increases the risk of stroke, probably by accelerating the development of obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, ...

There are several issues regarding diet in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. This article focuses on main factors such as vitamin K ingestion and its relationship with anticoagulants and healthy diet for obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus that are important risk factors for hypercoagulability. Last, diet rich in calcium is also ...

ABSTRACT: Background The presence of smaller low-density lipoproteins (LDL) has been associated with atherosclerosis risk, and the insulin resistance (IR) underlying the metabolic syndrome (MetS). In addition, some research has supported the association of very low-, low- and high-density lipoprotein (VLDL HDL) particle diameters with components of the metabolic syndrome ...

Recently, there has been interest in determining whether diet is associated with the risk of venous thromboembolism. The article by Varraso et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 0000;00(0):000-000) published in this issue of the Journal is an important contribution to this literature. In this commentary, the author discusses the findings of ...

PURPOSE: To elucidate the effect of sterols on the aggregation of amphotericin B (AmB) in PEG-phospholipid micelles and its consequences on the hemolytic activity of AmB. METHODS: AmB-incorporated PEG-phospholipid micelles co-loaded with ergosterol, cholesterol, or 7-dehydrocholesterol were prepared at 4:1:1 and 20:5:1 ratios of polymer-to-sterol-to-AmB. The aggregation state of AmB ...

To summarise our present knowledge on the Mediterranean diet in secondary prevention of CHD. Review of literature. Adult coronary patients. CHD patients at high risk of cardiac death. The two main causes of death in these patients are sudden cardiac death (SCD) and chronic heart failure (CHF). The main mechanism ...

Aim: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), the ratio of LDL-C to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; LDL-C/HDL-C), and non-HDL-C were evaluated to determine their ability to predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk with pravastatin treatment.Methods: We conducted a large-scale randomized primary prevention trial in Japan (MEGA Study), in which we randomly allocated 7832 ...

Retention of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in Bruch's membrane (BrM) is believed important in early age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The origin of the lipoproteins in BrM is a hot topic in AMD research. Some studies hypothesize an intraocular origin. BrM is in direct contact to the choriocapillaris; a plasma origin has ...

Objective: To test whether serum apolipoprotein B (apoB) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle characteristics (oxidation and mean particle size) predict the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: The 6-year follow-up study included 1429 adults (baseline mean age 31.5). Lipids, apoB, and apoA1 were measured at baseline in 2001. LDL oxidation ...

The objective was to assess the impact of a Mediterranean-style, low-glycemic-load diet (control group, n = 41) and the same diet plus a medical food (MF) containing phytosterols, soy protein, and extracts from hops and Acacia (MF group, n = 42) on lipoprotein atherogenicity in women with metabolic syndrome. Plasma ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of resistance training (RT) on the metabolism of an LDL-like nanoemulsion and on lipid transfer to HDL, an important step of HDL metabolism. METHODS: LDL-like nanoemulsion plasma kinetics was studied in 15 healthy men under regular RT for 1-4 years (age=25±5 years, VO(2)peak=50±6mL/kg/min) and in ...

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated effects of lipid lowering with ezetimibe on plaque burden and associated cholesterol crystallization and inflammation in a rabbit model of plaque disruption and thrombosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Atherosclerotic rabbits (Group I, n=10 without; Group II, n=12 with ezetimibe, 1 mg/kg per day) were pharmacologically triggered for ...

The mechanisms implicated in the LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering effects of the Mediterranean-type diet (MedDiet) are unknown. The present study assessed the impact of the MedDiet consumed under controlled feeding conditions, with and without weight loss, on surrogate markers of cholesterol absorption, synthesis and clearance using plasma phytosterols, lathosterol and proprotein convertase ...

Thirty-five women with metabolic syndrome and high plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (≥100 mg/dl) participated in a dietary intervention consisting of a Mediterranean-style low-glycemic-load diet for 12 weeks. Participants were randomly allocated to consume diet only (n=15) or diet plus a medical food containing soy protein and plant sterols (n=20). ...

Clinicians require more discriminating measures of cardiovascular risk than those currently used in most clinical settings. A promising avenue of research concerns the relationship of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions to subclinical atherosclerosis. To assess cross-sectional associations between subfractions of LDL cholesterol and coronary artery calcification (CAC). The study sample comprised ...

Eur J Clin Invest 2011 ABSTRACT: Background and objectives  Habitual alcohol drinking influences blood cholesterol profile, and dyslipidaemia often accompanies obesity. The aim of this study was to determine whether obesity modifies relationships between alcohol intake and blood cholesterol profile. Methods  Japanese men aged 35-60 years (n = 23 834) were divided into two ...

BACKGROUND: Few population-based longitudinal studies on diet and stroke have been conducted, and associations between dietary fat and fish intake and risk of stroke are unclear. OBJECTIVES: To prospectively examine relationships between intakes of total fat, saturated fat, unsaturated fat, white fish and oily fish and risk of stroke in ...

Two rate-limiting enzymes in PUFA biosynthesis, Δ5- and Δ6-desaturases, are respectively encoded by the FADS1 and FADS2 genes, respectively. Genetic variants in the FADS1-FADS2 gene cluster are associated with changes in plasma concentrations of PUFA, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, and TG. However, little is known about whether dietary PUFA intake modulates ...

Prevention of arterial thrombotic diseases has a high priority in developed countries. An inappropriate diet is known to enhance the risks for acute thrombotic events, and nutritional products experimentally shown to be antithrombotic, might contribute beneficial effects. The present study forms part of a series of investigations into the antithrombotic ...

The maintenance of genetic variation in male sexual display traits in the face of strong directional sexual selection from female preferences is an ongoing evolutionary conundrum. Condition dependence and the genic capture hypothesis are often cited as theoretical resolutions to this problem, yet little is known about the ability of ...

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are strong predictors of atherosclerosis. Statin-induced changes in the ratio of LDL-C to HDL-C (LDL-C/HDL-C) predicted atherosclerosis progression better than LDL-C or HDL-C alone. However, the best predictor of subclinical atherosclerosis remains unknown. Our objective was to investigate this issue by ...

Acacia polyphenol (AP) extracted from the bark of the black wattle tree (Acacia meansii) is rich in unique catechin-like flavan-3-ols, such as robinetinidol and fisetinidol. The present study investigated the anti-obesity/anti-diabetic effects of AP using obese diabetic KKAy mice. KKAy mice received either normal diet, high-fat diet or high-fat diet ...

To determine the efficacy and underlying mechanism of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on plasma lipids in hypercholesterolemia hamsters. The effect of APS (0.25g/kg/d) on plasma and liver lipids, fecal bile acids and neutral sterol, cholesterol absorption and synthesis, HMG-CoA reductase activity, and gene and protein expressions in the liver and small ...

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Epidemiologic data support a strong relationship of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) with both elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The study of the human genetics of plasma lipid traits, both rare ...

Four ruminally and duodenally cannulated sheep and 8 Rusitec fermenters were used to determine the effects of forage to concentrate (F:C) ratio and type of forage in the diet on ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis. The purpose of the study was to assess how closely fermenters can mimic the ...

Four ruminally and duodenally cannulated sheep and 8 Rusitec fermenters were used to determine the effects of dietary characteristics on microbial populations and bacterial diversity. The purpose of the study was to assess how closely fermenters can mimic the differences between diets found in vivo. The 4 experimental diets contained ...

Thirty-two castrated Red Maasai sheep (12.7 kg initial body weight, aged 12-18 months), were used in an 84-day experiment to evaluate diets based on treated straw upon growth performance, carcass yield and meat quality. The animals were blocked by weight into four similar groups and randomly allotted into four dietary treatments, with ...

Previous work has shown that bacterial isolates from the sheep rumen are capable of detoxifying 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) into polar constituents. In this study, the dietary effects of TNT on the sheep rumen microbial community were evaluated using molecular microbiology ecology tools. Rumen samples were collected from sheep fed with and ...

This study was designed to investigate serum glucose, lipid, and lipoprotein in sheep naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica. Ten healthy sheep and 15 infected with F. hepatica were used in study. Serum concentrations of total protein (TP), albumin, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), ...

The feeding value and nutritional adequacy of two cereal fodder, viz. sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) and maize (Zea mays), were evaluated in spotted deer (Axis axis) and compared with that in sheep in two consecutive feeding trials of 35 days each. Four spotted deer (2 years of age, 68.3 kg average ...

The study was carried out at Woreta, Ethiopia, to determine feed intake, digestibility, body weight (BW) change, and profitability of Farta sheep fed pasture hay alone or supplemented with graded levels of concentrate mix (CM) consisting of noug seed meal (NSM) and rice bran in 2:1 ratio. Twenty yearling intact ...

Vegetable tannins are water-soluble polyphenolic compounds of varying molecular weights that occur abundantly in nature. The diet of many free-ranging wild animals contains significant amounts of tannins. Also, commercial tannins are used in animal industry as food additives to improve animal performance. In order to further determine the capacity of ...

Food item categorization should reduce the cost of information processing by herbivores when selecting their diet in complex environments. We assessed the ability of sheep to categorize food items by offering them ryegrass (Rg) and fescue (Fe) in pots cut tall (T) or short (S). Ewes' preferences were tested in ...

An isotope dilution method of [2H5]phenylalanine (Phe) and [2H2]tyrosine (Tyr) was used to determine the effects of metabolisable energy (ME) intake and cold exposure on plasma Phe and Tyr turnover rates in sheep. Whole body protein synthesis (WBPS) was calculated with the [2H5]Phe model. Eight adult sheep were assigned to ...

Diet composition can be estimated in free-ranging animals by the use of n-alkane and long-chain fatty alcohol concentrations in feces. However, this technique involves relatively laborious and costly analytical techniques. Two spectroscopy techniques were investigated as a way of determining whether dietary differences are likely, thus indicating whether the more ...

16S rRNA gene-based analysis of rumen Prevotella was carried out to estimate the diversity and diet specificity of bacteria belonging to this genus. Total DNA was extracted from the rumen digesta of three sheep fed two diets with different hay-to-concentrate ratios (10 : 1 and 1 : 2). Real-time PCR ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate Sargassum meal as feed for sheep through the measures of in vivo digestibility, dry matter degradability, pH, ammonia and volatile fatty acids in rumen. The Sargassum algae used in this experiment were collected at the end of spring, when they are more ...

Widespread anthelmintic resistance in small ruminants has necessitated alternative means of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) control. The objective was to determine the effectiveness of copper oxide wire particles (COWP) administered as a gelatin capsule or in a feed supplement to control GIN in goats. In four separate experiments, peri-parturient does (n=36), ...

The experiment consisting of 7 days of digestibility and 90 days of feeding trial was conducted at Wogda (Ethiopia) to determine the effect of supplementation of graded levels of concentrate mix (CM) on feed intake, digestibility, and body weight (BW) change in hay-based feeding of Simada sheep. Twenty-yearling Simada sheep ...

The hypotheses tested were that genetic size-scaling for mature BW (A, kg) would reduce variation in intake between kinds of sheep and that quadratic polynomials on u = BW/A with zero intercept would provide good descriptions of the relationship between scaled intake (SI, g/A(0.73) d) and degree of maturity in ...

Effects of supplementing sheep consuming wheat straw with local agro-industrial by-products on feed intake, growth, digestibility and nitrogen utilization were determined. Thirty 1-year-old local wethers, with a mean (+/-SD) live weight of 19.8 (+/-1.06) kg, were assigned to five treatments: wheat straw + atella (T1), wheat straw + atella + ...

Thirty yearling male intact Arsi-Bale sheep with initial body weight (BW) of 15.5 +/- 0.21 kg (mean +/- SD) were used in 90 days feeding trial, 10 days digestibility trial followed by evaluation of carcass parameters at Bokoji, Ethiopia. The objectives were to evaluate effects of supplementation with linseed (Linum ...

In a 2-year longitudinal study of adult animals on 15 dairy farms and four sheep farms in Lancashire, UK. C. jejuni was isolated from all farms, although not on every occasion. Faecal samples were collected and cultured using standard techniques for isolation of Campylobacter. Assignment to species was via PCR ...

The objective was to estimate--according to the French feeding system--the nutritive value of three tropical grasses (Eragrostis olivacea, Setaria sphacelata and Tripsacum laxum) used in traditional small farms of Burundi. Dry matter (DM) yield was monitored on anti-erosive hedges or on small fields in 60 small farms for eight consecutive ...

Thirty male Aohan fine-wool sheep (5 months of age) with similar body weight were procured from the Aohan fine-wool sheep breeding farm of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. The sheep were divided randomly into five groups, which were labeled as Group 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 and supplemented respectively ...

Twenty ten-week-old newly weaned male Batinah goats were randomly assigned to a control (n=10) and a treated (n=10) group and were fed a diet containing 0.1mg/kg DM cobalt (Co). Goats in the treated group received bi-monthly subcutaneous injections of 2000 microg of hydroxycobalamin. The phagocytic function of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes ...

We examined the changes in the physical properties of the digesta mat over a period of 24 h after cessation of feeding, in sheep that had been maintained on pasture or fed chaffed lucerne hay. The dry matter content of the digesta mat declined at similar rates in both dietary ...

An experiment was conducted with 12 lactating dairy ewes and 12 goats with the objective to determine whether, under the same dietary treatments, the differences in their fatty acid (FA) profile with emphasis on cis-9 trans-11 CLA milk fat content, are reflected in the transcript levels of genes involved in ...

Intake, growth and carcass yield of indigenous goats fed basal diets of market wastes of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) vines (SPV) and scarlet eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum) (SEP) were examined in two experiments. In experiment I, the effect of presentation method (chopping, hanging or adding molasses) on the intake of SEP ...

Immunobiochemical status of sheep exposed to periods of experimental protein deficit and realimentation was studied in 12 sheep (15 mo) randomly distributed into 2 equal groups and fed individually 2 different concentrate supplements along with wheat straw to provide 100% (normal protein, NP) or 50% (low protein, LP) of CP ...