The influence of type of diet and time after feeding on concentration of isoacids in rumen fluid of 6 fistulated sheep were investigated. The concentration of isoacids in rumen fluid was higher in diets rich in concentrate and protein (5.6) than in roughage diets (3.4) or in straw-starch-urea diets poor ...

The effect of ration on heat of glucose fermentation in sheep rumen fluid was investigated. Heat production was measured in a semiadiabatic calorimeter. In trial 1, the effect of glucose (.4 to 6.4 mg) on fermentative heat production was determined in rumen fluid from sheep fed 25 or 100% roughage ...

A simple technique, which allows sheep to be rendered temporarily susceptible to fly attack, is described and used to examine oviposition rates of Lucilia cuprina under field conditions. Oviposition rates are shown to be related to both fly activity and fly density. The question of Hobson's 'live sheep factor' in ...

Sheep fed a hay-concentrate diet were adapted to pectin administration and ruminal infusion of methanol. Both treatments resulted in a strong increase in the rate of methanogenesis from methanol. Quantitative data show that methanol was exclusively converted into methane. Treatments did not influence ruminal volatile fatty acid percentages.

The effects of the chronic ingestion of the beta-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol on ovine sc adipose tissue were investigated. Three groups of 10 wether lambs with an average initial weight of 22.7 kg were used as experimental animals. After culling 2 to 3 animals per group, one group of eight sheep ...

Three rumen fistulated sheep were fed with roughage (1200 g artificially dried grass) or a concentrate/roughage diet (600 g concentrate, 400 g artificially dried grass per animal and day). The diets were unsupplemented or 0.5, 1 and 2 g niacin per animal and day were added. After a 14-day adaptation ...

An experiment using a 4 X 4 Latin square design was to determine effects of treating wheat straw with pH-regulated (pH = 11.5) solutions of hydrogen peroxide on site and extent of nutrient digestion in multiple-fistulated sheep. Regulating reaction pH at 11.5 prevented solubilization of some cell wall hemicelluloses, resulting ...

NaOH treated (T) or untreated (UT) barley straws were supplemented either with protein (P) or with concentrates based on maize (M) or beet pulp (BP) at rates of 25 or 50% of the diet. Each of the 8 diets was fed to 8 sheep near ad libitum and near maintenance. ...

Dietary lipid supplements high in either saturated fatty acids derived from sheep perirenal fat or polyunsaturated fatty acids (65% linoleic acid) derived from sunflower seed oil were fed to marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) for 20 months. The effect of these long-term dietary lipid supplements on myocardial contractile function and their ...

Two rumen-cannulated wether sheep were fed a diet containing 1 kg of a liquid-molasses mixture, 80 g of soybean oil meal, and 100 g of chopped wheat straw once a day. In 6 weeks and thereafter, the microbiota adapted such that Quin's oval, a very large bacterium, was present in ...

A herd of 20 cattle was introduced on a ranch in Kilifi, Coast Province of Kenya, where they were in contact with Glossina austeni for 6 months. In total, 65 trypanosome isolates were made from these animals. Examination of the isolates revealed that 61 were Trypanosoma congolense and 4 were ...

Ruminal fluid from sheep fed hay plus concentrate diets containing 1.8% urea, 6% casein, or 6% egg albumin had proteolytic activities of 4.12, 3.02, or 4.00 mg of [14C]casein hydrolyzed ml-1 h-1, respectively. Dietary albumin had no effect on the rate of albumin breakdown relative to that of casein (0.06). ...

Targhee rams from a selected and control line of breeding were provided with the same diet at either 100 or 40% of ad libitum feed intake levels for 28 days. The rams were killed in a serial fashion over a 35-day period. A sample of the jejunum mucosa was taken, ...

Sheep were used to evaluate the nutritional consequences of a low condensed-tannin concentration (22 g/kg dry matter (DM)) in lotus (Lotus corniculatus L.) (control group) compared with lotus given to sheep receiving intraruminal polyethylene glycol (PEG) infusion (PEG group). PEG selectively binds to tannins and prevents tannins from binding proteins. ...

Effects of variations in dietary sulfur on rumen sulfur dynamics were studied under steady state conditions. In the first experimental period, three sheep were given 33.3 g of a pelleted diet hourly containing 1.59 g sulfur/kg (low) and in the second period the sulfur content was increased to 3.21 g/kg ...

1. Sheep have a very low intake of methyl nutrients in the post-ruminant state, due to the almost complete degradation of dietary choline by rumen microorganisms, the lack of dietary creatine and the relatively low content of methionine in microbial proteins. 2. Methylneogenesis provides a major source of labile methyl ...

The rate of osteogenesis was studied in 8 non-pregnant, non-lactating Friesian dairy sheep, 3-6 years old, by means of a treatment with 3 different bone seeking agents. Four sheep were fed a low calcium ration (LCa:1.8 g Ca/d) and four other sheep a high calcium ration (HCa:12.7 g Ca/d). The ...

Fed and three-day-fasted sheep were infused with [1-14C] alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC), L-[1-14C] leucine, and [14C] bicarbonate for determination of their whole-body turnovers, interconversions, and oxidation. Protein synthesis (PS), protein degradation (PD), net tissue metabolism, unidirectional utilization, and production rates also were estimated for the portal-drained viscera, liver, and hindquarters. KIC and ...

An intake and digestibility study was conducted with three groups (six animals per group) of yearling wether dairy goats (four Toggenburg, two Alpine), wool sheep (Targhee X Dorset) and hair sheep (St. Croix). Body weight (BW) ranged from 42 to 52 kg, averaging 47 kg. All animals were penned individually ...

The nutritive value of diets selected by free-ranging goats and sheep, and estimates of forage intake, were obtained during the wet (January to May, 1982) and the dry season (June to December, 1981) in the Brazilian state of Ceara. Esophageally fistulated animals were used to collect dietary samples for nutritive ...

Turkeys were fed a diet containing 50 or 150 ppb aflatoxin for 11 or 13 weeks or fed these diets for 11 weeks and then the control diet for 1 or 2 weeks. Aflatoxins B1 and M1 were found in liver, kidney, gizzard, and feces of poults fed the diets ...

An omaso-abomasal cannulation technique was developed for sheep to assess efflux from the omasum. The procedure enabled the collection of the total omasal effluent and avoided transection of the innervation and circulation of this region of the gut. Eating was associated with an increase in flow of the fluid and ...

1. The effect of protozoa on digestion in the rumen was studied using either defaunated or faunated sheep. 2. Six wethers, each fitted with rumen and simple duodenal cannulas, were given two isonitrogenous diets containing either lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay (diet L) or sodium hydroxide-treated wheat straw (diet S). The ...

A compartmental model for vanadium metabolism in sheep has been proposed. The model is consistent with data obtained from sheep fed a control diet (2.6 ppm vanadium) containing 0 or 200 ppm supplemental vanadium. Sheep were administered 48V dioxovanadium either orally or intravenously. Blood, feces, and urine radioactivity were monitored ...

Intake of high quality roughage (alfalfa hay) by black Bedouin goats was lower than by Swiss Saanen goats. Bedouin goats have lower energy requirements and less tendency to accumulate solids. Apparent dry matter digestibility was higher in Bedouin than Saanen goats even when high quality hay was offered. It was ...

Groups of four pregnant ewes were allocated to the following feeding and intravenous endotoxin treatments: fed, Escherichia coli endotoxin (50 micrograms/kg X 75), fed, saline, fasted, E. coli endotoxin (50 micrograms/kg X 75) and fasted, saline. Endotoxin administration resulted in depression, fever, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia and a reduction in nonesterified fatty ...

Fifteen sheep fetuses hypophysectomized around 115 days gestation (term 150 days) were treated with growth hormone (GH), adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) or triiodothyronine (T3) by continuous intravenous infusion. At normal or caesarian delivery, about 149 days gestation, body weights and dissectible internal brown fat and subcutaneous white fat depots were compared with ...

Decoquinate was evaluated as a coccidiostat in domestic goats. Fifty goats less than 4 months of age were assigned to 5 groups (pens) of 10 goats each and were treated for 87 days with 0 (control), 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, or 4.0 mg of decoquinate in feed/kg of body weight. Goats ...

Between March and May 1983, tongues and esophagi of 355 adult ewes from Colorado and Idaho were examined for grossly visible sarcocysts. Sarcocysts of Sarcocystis gigantea were found in 35 sheep. Cats fed sarcocysts from these naturally infected sheep shed sporocysts in their feces. Two adult ewes and 12 lambs ...

Four experiments were conducted to study factors affecting digestibility of forages in cattle, sheep, goats and white-tailed deer. In a series of digestion trials (Exp. 1), the dry matter digestibility of a moderately high fiber diet was greater in cattle than in deer. Digestibilities of the diet in sheep and ...

In the last decade the intensification of the pig and poultry industries has continued with increases in production unit size and in efficiency. This has come about as a response to rising costs, competition and reasonable end-product prices. The dairy industry has also expanded output through increasing milk yield per ...

Twenty-one maiden and 29 pluriparous milking Ankara Saanen goats received either two i.m. injections of PGF(2)alpha (n=25) or intravaginal MAP sponges (n=25) early in November at the start of the breeding season. About twice as many pluriparous goats as maiden goats exhibited estrus after either treatment (87% vs. 47%). Breeding ...

Oxygen consumption and ouabain-sensitive respiration was measured for liver biopsies from lactating and non-lactating ewes and for hepatocytes isolated from mature, dry ewes. O2 consumption, ouabain-sensitive respiration and 86Rb+ uptake were also measured for hepatocytes isolated from lambs, fed adult sheep and adult sheep starved for 5 d. Ouabain-sensitive respiration ...

Twenty-four crossbred Florida native wether lambs, 28 kg initially, were assigned randomly to a basal diet (31 ppm Mn dry matter basis) supplemented with either 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000 or 4,000 ppm Mn from feed grade MnO or 2,000, 4,000 or 8,000 ppm Mn from reagent grade MnCO3. There were ...

The experiment investigated effects of high quantities of manganese and route of administration (diet versus capsule-dosed) on feed intake and blood characteristics in sheep. Twenty-four Florida native or Florida native by St. Croix crossbred wethers, 47 kg initially, were assigned randomly to eight treatments including basal diet supplemented with 0, ...

Sixteen sheep, each fitted with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum, were given four diets in the chopped or ground and pelleted form, at fixed intakes at intervals of 2 h. The sheep were closely shorn and exposed to temperatures of 22-25 degrees or 1-4 degrees for four periods ...

There is increasing evidence that brain cholecystokinin (CCK) peptides function as neuropeptide signals of satiety. Injection of as little as femtomole amounts of CCK-8 into the cerebral ventricles selectively decreased feeding in sheep, and other species (chicken, pig, hamster and rat) also decrease feeding in response to CNS injections of ...

The effects of species and plane of nutrition on serum activation of sheep adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase were studied over a range of substrate (triolein) concentrations. Serum, either from two species or from the same species on a different plane of nutrition, had differing effects on adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase ...

Increasing daily light exposure from 8 to 16 h increases average daily body weight gains of sheep and Holstein cattle but reduces gains of white-tailed doe fawns. Some of these effects on average daily gain in sheep are the result of increased gut fill and pelt weight. Increasing daily exposure ...

The ionophoretic antibiotics, monensin and lasalocid, bind numerous mono- and divalent cations, primarily in dimeric complexes that facilitate the passage of metal ions through hydrophobic lipid membranes. Ionophores vary in their affinity for metal ions. Similarly, transport rates of the resulting complexes depend in part upon the affinity constant of ...

Serum erythromycin concentrations following a single IV injection (12.5 mg/kg) were compared in 6 sheep during feeding of a grass hay diet and a concentrate diet. The concentrate diet resulted in a mean decrease of at least 1 pH unit in forestomach fluid, but did not significantly alter either the ...

Four experiments were conducted to determine if supplemental ascorbic acid (AA) would ameliorate the immunosuppression induced by exogenous cortisol (COL). Supplemental AA was provided in the diets at levels of 0 and 1000 ppm. Administration of COL significantly lowered plasma AA at both 0 and 10 days postimmunization, and AA ...

Voluntary intake was determined with vegetative Lotus pedunculatus cut and fed fresh to growing sheep of 42-46 kg live weight. Effects attributable to condensed tannins were assessed by growing the plant under high and low levels of soil fertility, inducing low and high concentrations of tannin (Expt 1), or by ...

Dietary supplements containing cholesterol or sunflower oil were prepared to protect them against degradation in the rumen. On feeding daily supplements containing 1-2 g protected cholesterol and/or 100 g protected sunflower oil to sheep, along with a basal ration of crushed oat grain and lucerne chaff, a rise in the ...

The effect of body fatness on the fasting heat production and energetic efficiency of adult sheep was studied. Energy balance and heat production were determined in adult wether sheep at three fatness levels given a diet of grass hay and maize at four feeding levels, including fasting, in open-circuit respiration ...

The intrinsic motility of the reticulo-rumen was studied by electromyography in nineteen sheep subjected to bilateral thoracic vagotomy and maintained by intragastric infusion of a complete liquid diet. The influences of distension, temperature and tactile and chemical stimuli on the intrinsic reticulo-ruminal motility were investigated. The level of electrical discharge ...

The short term aldosterone response to manipulations of potassium (K), angiotensin II (AII) and ACTH were examined in sheep on a variety of chronic electrolyte regimes. Reduction in Na intake increased blood aldosterone to a greater extent on 100 mmol/day K than a K-free diet. Aldosterone increased in response to ...

Ventriculocisternal perfusion studies using tracers have shown that hypercapnia causes a transient increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outflow rate (displaced CSF volume, Vd) and a decrease in CSF effluent tracer concentration (tracer-free CSF, CSFtf). This dilution could be due to an increase in CSF formation rate (Vf) and/or to displacement ...

Chickens fed 10(6) or 10(7) of Bacillus natto strain BN/g of diet from hatching through 15 or 30 days of age showed an increase in ability to produce hemagglutinating antibody titer as determined by intravenous injection of sheep red blood cells, whereas no increase in antibody production ability was observed ...

[99Mo]di-, tri-, and tetrathiomolybdate (5.4 to 62.5 mg of Mo) were given by intravenous injection to sheep maintained on a sulfur-supplemented (3 g of S/kg) diet. All the compounds were metabolized very rapidly over the first 15 min postinjection, but relatively slowly thereafter, with a t1/2 of about 30 hr ...