We previously reported that a eucaloric, low fat, liquid formula diet enriched in simple carbohydrate markedly increased the synthesis of fatty acids in lean volunteers. To examine the diet sensitivity of obese subjects, 7 obese and 12 lean volunteers were given two eucaloric low fat solid food diets enriched in ...

Three experiments investigated effects of jejunal lipid infusions given on 4 or 21 consecutive days in adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats. In experiment 1, 7-h infusions of linoleic or oleic acid (0.2 ml/h for 7 h; total load = 11.5 kcal) on 4 consecutive days reduced total intake (ad libitum consumption ...

BACKGROUND: The well-established relation between changes in dietary fatty acids and plasma lipids has been determined in energy-balance states. Whether this relation is altered in states of energy restriction and active weight loss is not clear. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this 12-wk study was to compare the time course of ...

The relationships between types of fat consumed and serum concentrations of estrone, estradiol, total and free testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin were examined in 69 Japanese men aged 43-88 years. Diet was assessed by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Intake of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats was inversely correlated ...

The effects of five different dietary fat supplements on fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of subcutaneous and kidney fat were evaluated in 36 Brown Swiss bulls and compared to a low fat diet in a monofactorial design. The following fat supplements were provided as additional fat at 30 g ...

This study was designed to determine whether the exchange of specific fatty acids (palmitic (16:0) for stearic (18:0)), would exert differential effects on plasma and lipoprotein lipids, when diets contained approximately 30%en from fat with adequate levels of linoleic acid (18:2). Thirty-two male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed isocaloric purified ...

For the past decade, nutritionists have focused on consensus guidelines (National Cholesterol Education Program) to reduce dietary saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, and excess body weight. However, researchers are looking at other ways that diet may influence the progression of cardiovascular disease, including lipoprotein oxidation, thrombosis progression, cardiac arrhythmia, and medication ...

Differences in oxidation of individual dietary fatty acids could contribute to the effect of dietary fat composition on risk factors for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Using a novel stable isotope technique, we compared fractional oxidation of chylomicron-derived oleate and palmitate in 10 healthy adults in a crossover study. ...

BACKGROUND: Low-fat diets increase plasma triacylglycerol and decrease HDL-cholesterol concentrations, thereby potentially adversely affecting cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. High-monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), cholesterol-lowering diets do not raise triacylglycerol or lower HDL cholesterol, but little is known about how peanut products, a rich source of MUFAs, affect CVD risk. OBJECTIVE: The ...

Protein kinase C (PKC) has been proposed to play an important role in the aetiology of colon cancer. Therefore, we investigated whether the amount and type of saturated fat could affect colonic PKC activity by modifying either mucosal phospholipid fatty acid composition or faecal diacylglycerol production. Male Wistar rats (n ...

BACKGROUND: Liquid-formula diets (LFDs) are useful in metabolic studies of the cholesterolemic effects of dietary lipids because they can be formulated with accuracy, facilitating precise delivery of fatty acids of interest. However, because of differences in composition and nutrient delivery between LFDs and solid-food diets (SFDs), there is a need ...

The majority of reduced calorie fats and fat substitutes available today, though similar in texture and flavor to natural fats, contain fatty acids that are not usually present in edible oils and fats and thus do not fully match the chemistry and functions of natural fats. For example, such products ...

The effect of the type of diet (hay vs grass silage) on body composition and characteristics and palatability of semitendinosus (ST) and longissimus thoracis (LT) muscles of 16 month old Salers bulls fed at the same energy levels were studied. Animals fed hay had a lower daily weight gain and ...

The effects of two oleic-acid-rich diets (containing olive oil, OO, and high-oleic-acid sunflower oil, HOSO) on plasma and liver lipid composition detoxification enzyme activities, were compared with those of a fish-oil (FO) diet and a control diet. Compared with the control diet, plasma and hepatic total triacylglycerol concentrations were increased ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there are any changes in the fatty acid composition of serum triglycerides, cholesterol esters, and phospholipids induced by administration of orlistat three times a day compared with placebo as combined with a low-fat hypocaloric diet. METHODS: After 4 weeks of placebo administration, 75 obese subjects were ...

Because nuts have favorable fatty acid and nutrient profiles, there is growing interest in evaluating their role in a heart-healthy diet. Nuts are low in saturated fatty acids and high in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In addition, emerging evidence indicates that there are other bioactive molecules in nuts that ...

Fat remains a hot topic because of concerns over associations between consumption of fats and the incidence of some chronic conditions including coronary artery disease, diabetes, cancer and obesity. Dietary fats serve multiple purposes. The effects of dietary fats generally reflect the collective influences of multiple fatty acids in the ...

In the United States, the notion that low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets are essential for health has grown into an obsession, driven largely by an effort to reduce heart disease and, more recently, certain types of cancer. We know that saturated fatty acids are more closely associated with risk factors for heart ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine relative effects of diets high in synthetic sources of myristic (14:0), palmitic (16:0) or stearic (18:0) acid on concentrations and metabolism of serum lipoproteins. DESIGN: Eighteen healthy women participated in a three-way cross-over study for five week periods separated by seven week washout periods, diets were assigned ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Previous studies have suggested that some individuals show an appreciably larger change in total cholesterol in response to dietary change (hyper-responders) than others (minimal responders), and also that some people are more likely to respond consistently. We have examined the role of individual dietary compliance in determining ...

Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that a diet rich in saturated fat affects insulin sensitivity. Monoenes and dienes that have an usaturated bond with the trans configuration (trans fatty acids) resemble saturated fatty acids with respect to structure, but no published data are available on the effect of trans fatty ...

Feeding of a fat-rich diet to horses may enhance the flux of fatty acids, in the form of triacylglycerols (TAG), through the circulation into skeletal muscle. This hypothesis was tested indirectly by measuring the concentration of plasma TAG and the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in post heparin plasma. Six ...

This study looked at the effect of feeding diets supplemented with either a predominantly saturated or unsaturated vegetable oil over a prolonged period to exercising horses. Eight Thoroughbred horses were assigned to 2 diet treatments and for 10 months were fed Timothy hay and oats, together with a fortified sweet ...

BACKGROUND: Metabolic studies suggest that fatty acids containing at least one double bond in the trans configuration, which are found in hydrogenated fat, have a detrimental effect on serum lipoprotein cholesterol levels as compared with unsaturated fatty acids containing double bonds only in the cis configuration. We compared the effects ...

In two separate studies, the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of a diet high in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was evaluated by means of a randomized crossover trial. In both studies subjects were randomized to receive either a high-MUFA diet or the control diet first, which they followed for a period of 8 ...

There is a strong relation between diet and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Generally a high fat consumption will increase the serum cholesterol level. Different fatty acids have different effects on total cholesterol, LDL and HDL lipoproteins and therefore on the risk for cardiovascular diseases. This knowledge was translated into ...

There is at present a justifiable debate as to the optimum level of total dietary fat which will reduce the risk of obesity without an elevation of plasma triacylglycerol or a depression of plasma HDL-cholesterol. Total plasma cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels are lowered and risk of fatal myocardial infarction is ...

To evaluate changes that occur in serum cholesterol ester fatty acid composition during the transition from typical infant feeding to a more adult type of nutrition, this study compared the effects on serum cholesterol ester fatty acids of breast milk or formula at the age of 7 mo with effects ...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) have been shown to be beneficial. Their haemostatic effects, however, are poorly known. We compared the effects of oleic acid (OA) and linoleic acid (LA) on variables related with coagulation and fibrinolysis in healthy subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-eight healthy volunteers (20 women, ...

The effects of diets containing fats and oils or fatty acids on the lipid metabolism were investigated in male rats of the Wistar strain fed hypercholesterolemic diets, especially focusing our attention on the correlation between dietary oleic acid (OLE) contents and the levels of plasma and liver total cholesterol (T-CHOL) ...

Dietary fatty acids are actively incorporated into membrane lipids, and fat intake can modify the composition and the biochemical activity of cellular membranes and the pattern of plasma lipoproteins. Industrial hydrogenation of polyunsaturated oils leads to the formation of isomeric trans fatty acids which are incorporated into cellular membranes when ...

The effect of diets enriched with fat containing different fatty acids on glucose and glutamine metabolism of mesenteric lymph nodes lymphocytes, spleen, and thymus and lymphocyte proliferation was examined. The following fat-rich diets were tested: (1) standard chow (CC); (2) medium chain saturated fatty acids (MS)--coconut fat oil; (3) long ...

BACKGROUND: Structured lipids are being incorporated into foods to reduce their energy value. One such lipid is rich in stearic acid. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the effects on plasma lipids of a stearic acid-rich triacylglycerol and a fat rich in palmitic acid in hypercholesterolemic subjects. ...

In mice with genetically engineered high levels of plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL), we tested the hypothesis that an increase in the dietary content of monounsaturated fatty acids but not of polyunsaturated fatty acids would promote atherosclerosis. The mouse model used was an LDL receptor-null, human apoB100-overexpressing strain. Six experimental ...

Diets high in linoleic acid (20% safflower oil contained 77.3% linoleic acid, SO-diet) and alpha-linolenic acid (20% perilla oil contained 58.4% alpha-linolenic acid, PO-diet) were fed to rats for 3, 7, 20, and 50 days, and effects of the diets on lipid metabolism were compared. Levels of serum total cholesterol ...

The effect of diets enriched with fat containing different fatty acids on the activity and expression of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) of mesenteric lymph nodes lymphocytes and intraperitoneal macrophages was examined. Measurements of the enzyme were also performed using spleen, thymus and liver for comparison. The following fat rich ...

Effects of butter and 2 types of margarine on blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were compared in a controlled diet study with 23 men and 23 women. Table spreads, added to a common basal diet, provided 8.3% of energy as fat. Diets averaged 34.6% of energy as fat and 15.5% ...

The present study was conducted to compare the effects of oleic (OA) and linoleic acids (LA) on platelet function in healthy subjects. After a 4-week period on a diet rich in saturated fatty acids (SAFA), 38 volunteers (20 female, 18 male) had a high OA (18.0 en%) diet or a ...

We examined the effect of three dietary fats, safflower oil (SAF) rich in linoleic acid, borage oil (BOR) rich in gamma-linolenic acid, and perilla oil (PER) rich in alpha-linolenic acid, on the lipid metabolism, and chemical mediator and immunoglobulin levels in Sprague-Dawley rats, as well as the dietary effect of ...

Dietary measures that can improve blood lipids include limiting consumption of saturated fats, trans fatty acids, simple sugars, and stearic acid and consuming adequate amounts of vitamins C and E and beta-carotene. Eating certain fish once a week may significantly lower the risk of sudden cardiac death. Aerobic exercise three ...

We have compared the effects on lipoproteins and haemostatic variables of two hard margarines with similar functional properties, one traditional margarine containing partially hydrogenated fish oil (PHFO), and one experimental margarine based on vegetable oil (VO). Both were all-purpose cooking margarines with nearly identical functional properties. Trans fatty acids from ...

We have compared the effects of three different margarines, one based on palm oil (PALM-margarine), one based on partially hydrogenated soybean oil (TRANS-margarine) and one with a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA-margarine), on serum lipids in 27 young women. The main purpose of the study was to test ...

Although the beneficial effects of Mediterranean-type diets, which are rich in olive oil, a good source of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), are generally accepted, little is known about the effects of long-term dietary MUFA intake on postprandial lipoprotein metabolism and hemostasis. This study used a single-blind, randomized, crossover design to ...

Evidence from in vitro studies shows that increased intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids leads to increased oxidative stress, which may be associated with endothelial damage. We measured the urinary levels of 8-iso-PGF2alpha and nitric oxide metabolites as well as plasma sICAM-1 levels from healthy subjects after strictly controlled diets rich ...

The degree of fat hydrogenation and the trans fatty acid content of the diet affect the fatty acid composition of membranes, and the amount and the activity of some membrane enzymes. We describe the effects of four isocaloric diets containing either sunflower oil (SO, 0% trans), fish oil (FO, 0.5% ...

Results in epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that a diet rich in saturated fat may affect insulin sensitivity. However, no published data are available on the effect of stearic acid in this respect. Therefore, we examined the effects of a high-stearic acid diet and a high-oleic acid diet on glucose ...

We tested whether nutrient intakes estimated from 4-d diet records were associated with plasma lipoprotein subclasses in 103 men who were randomly assigned to a low-fat (24% fat) and a high-fat (46% fat) diet for 6 wk each in a crossover design. Postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase ...

Using new nonisotopic and isotopic methods, we showed previously that fatty acid synthesis was markedly stimulated in weight-stable normal volunteers by a very-low-fat formula diet with 10% of energy as fat and 75% as short glucose polymers. In this study, we determined whether fatty acid synthesis was equally stimulated by ...

The primary role of adipose tissue is to serve as a temporary storage site for energy in the form of nonesterified fatty acids. The regulation of adipose tissue lipolysis, which allows the appropriate delivery of fatty acids to meet the lipid fuel needs of lean tissue, is affected by the ...

Total dietary fat intake is an important determinant of factor VII coagulant activity, a hemostatic risk factor for fatal ischemic heart disease in middle-aged men. This association has a long-term effect by which a high-fat diet increases plasma factor VII antigen concentration, and an acute effect whereby a small proportion ...