Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) refers to the mobilization of cholesterol on HDL particles (HDL-C) from extravascular tissues to plasma, ultimately for fecal excretion. Little is known about how HDL-C leaves peripheral tissues to reach plasma. We first used 2 models of disrupted lymphatic drainage from skin - 1 surgical and ...

Background:Intraperitoneal fat, also known as visceral adipose tissue (VAT), poses significant metabolic risks. Reduction of this fat is functionally and aesthetically desirable. Since surgical reduction has serious risks, a noninvasive method for reduction of this fat would have important clinical benefits.Objective:The authors evaluate the reduction in VAT in an animal ...

BACKGROUND: Short-term changes in preoperative nutrition can have profound effects on surgery-related outcomes such as ischemia/reperfusion injury in preclinical models. Dietary interventions that lend protection against stress in animal models (eg, fasting, dietary restriction [DR]) impact adipose tissue quality/quantity. Adipose tissue holds high surgical relevance because of its anatomic location ...

Regulation of energy balance in female rats is known to differ along a number of dimensions compared to male rats. Previous work from our lab has demonstrated that in female rats fed dietary supplements containing high-intensity sweeteners that may disrupt a predictive relation between sweet tastes and calories, excess weight ...

Abstract Body composition measurements are used to evaluate surgical treatment, such as bariatric surgery in over weight patients. Nowadays, there are many different methods to measure body composition available. However, none of them has been validated for use in patients after operation. The aim of the present study was to ...

BACKGROUND: Osteocalcin (OC), a protein synthesized by osteoblasts, is a marker of bone turnover with undercarboxylated OC (ucOC) being involved in glucose homeostasis. Although laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB)-induced weight loss likely alters bone turnover, data on markers of bone turnover remain less clear. The aim of this study was ...

The Fat pathway controls both planar cell polarity (PCP) and organ growth. Fat signaling is regulated by the graded expression of the Fat ligand Dachsous (Ds) and the cadherin-domain kinase Four-jointed (Fj). The vectors of these gradients influence PCP, whereas their slope can influence growth. The Fj and Ds gradients ...

Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes (targeting Bacteria and Archaea) and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance were applied to investigate the rumen microbiota and metabolites of Hanwoo steers in the growth stage (HGS), Hanwoo steers in the late fattening stage (HFS), Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle (HDC), and Korean native goats (KNG) in the ...

In order to study the microbial caecal ecosystem of wild and domestic rabbits through the fermentation characteristics and concentration and diversity of bacterial and archaeal communities, caecal samples from sixteen wild rabbits (WR) were contrasted with two groups (n = 4) of farm rabbits receiving low (LSF) or high (HSF) soluble fibre ...

Numerous environmental pressures have precipitated long-term population reductions of many insect species. Population declines in aerially foraging insectivorous birds have also been detected, but the cause remains unknown partly because of a dearth of long-term monitoring data on avian diets. Chimney swifts (Chaetura pelagica) are a model aerial insectivore to ...

This article follows Charlotte Cooper's call to widen fat studies scholarship to contexts outside the United States, and Adrianne Hill's call to locate historically specific connections between lesbian communities and promotion of fat acceptance. Three in-depth interviews were conducted with Jewish-Israeli fat women. Through the development of their ability to ...

The diet composition and feeding strategy of the Argentine hake Merluccius hubbsi in the San Matías Gulf were analysed in order to use this information for the sustainable management of the fishery. Merluccius hubbsi behaved as an opportunistic predator. Small M. hubbsi consumed planktonic crustaceans, whereas medium and large fish ...

Our purpose was to determine if high-fat diet and treatment with a polyphenol regulate the acetylation of lysine-382 of p53, the site regulated by sirtuin-1, and apoptosis in the endothelium of the atherosclerotic lesion-prone mouse aortic arch. In cultured endothelial cells, 2 atherogenic stimuli, hydrogen peroxide and tumor necrosis factor-α, ...

We examined the effect of different dietary supplements on seasonal changes in body mass (m(b)), metabolic rate (MR) and nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) capacity in normothermic Siberian hamsters housed under semi natural conditions. Once a week standard hamster food was supplemented with either sunflower and flax seeds, rich in polyunsaturated fatty ...

: Chronic consumption of a high-fat diet induces obesity. We investigated whether exercise would reverse the cardiometabolic disorders associated with obesity without it being necessary to change from a high- to normal-fat diet. : Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on a high-fat (HFD) or control diet (CD) for 12 wk. HFD ...

Vitamin D deficiency is endemic in the general population; however, there is much to be learned about the vitamin D status of athletes. : The purposes of this study were to assess the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in collegiate athletes and to determine whether 25(OH)D concentrations are related to ...

A well designed diet is the foundation upon which optimal training and performance can be developed. However, as long as competitive sports have existed, athletes have attempted to improve their performance by ingesting a variety of substances. This practice has given rise to a multi-billion-dollar industry that aggressively markets its ...

Consumption of high-protein (HP) diets is postulated to exert a negative influence on bone and renal health. However, no conclusive evidence has been presented related to this issue or to the potential protective action of resistance training on HP-induced systemic effects. We examined the effects of HP diet consumption on ...

A fat-rich energy-dense diet is an important cause of insulin resistance. Stimulation of fat turnover in muscle cells during dietary fat challenge may contribute to maintenance of insulin sensitivity. Exercise in the fasted state markedly stimulates energy provision via fat oxidation. Therefore, we investigated whether exercise training in the fasted ...

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between fat-free mass and shot put performance at the beginning of the winter preparation cycle and at the first peak of the season (12 wk later) in well-trained shot-putters using the rotational style. Eight national-level shot put athletes followed ...

The present study examined the effects of aerobic training and energy restriction on adipokines levels in mesenteric (MEAT) and retroperitoneal (RPAT) white adipose tissue from obese rats. Male Wistar rats were fed with standard laboratory diet (Control group) or high fat diet (HFD). After 15 weeks, HFD rats were randomly ...

The Southampton Initiative for Health is a training intervention with Sure Start Children's Centre staff designed to improve the diets and physical activity levels of women of childbearing age. Training aims to help staff to support women in making changes to their lifestyles by improving three skills: reflection on current ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of nutritional feedback on dietary intake and body composition of college women volleyball players. Eight members of an National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) division II women's volleyball team participated as subjects. Three-day diet records and body composition (via air displacement ...

Continuous high glycemic load and inactivity challenge glucose homeostasis and fat oxidation. Hyperglycemia and high intramuscular glucose levels mediate insulin resistance, a precursor state of type 2 diabetes. The aim was to investigate whether a carbohydrate (CHO)-reduced diet combined with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) enhances the beneficial effects of the ...

Vegetarian diets are associated with several health benefits, but whether a vegetarian or vegan diet is beneficial for athletic performance has not yet been defined. Based on the evidence in the literature that diets high in unrefined plant foods are associated with beneficial effects on overall health, lifespan, immune function, ...

The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between laboratory tests and on-ice skating performance in division I men's hockey athletes. Twenty-one men (age 20.7 +/- 1.6 years) were assessed for body composition, isokinetic force production in the quadriceps and hamstring muscles, and anaerobic muscle power via the Wingate ...

We examined the effects of 6 wk of low-dose creatine supplementation on body composition, muscle function, and body creatine retention. Twenty healthy men and women (21 ± 2 y old) were randomized to receive creatine (0.03 g · kg(-1) · d(-1); n = 10, 4 women) or placebo (n = ...

The aim of the paper was to describe a new formula (Antilip®) consisting of very low dosages of polyglucosamine, phytosterols and Monascus purpureus. It was given to subjects affected by high cholesterol levels. The formula was used in combination with mild physical exercise (8 MET/h/week) and mild diet (reduction of ...

An increased total fatness, and especially abdominal fat deposition, is associated with a greater risk for a variety of health problems and metabolic disturbances. It is commonly accepted that endurance training induces the greatest alterations in total adiposity despite resistance training possibly having other advantages on body fat distribution. Thirty-seven ...

Excess energy intake via a palatable low-fat diet (cafeteria diet) is known to induce obesity and glucose intolerance in rats. However, the molecular mechanisms behind this adaptation are not known, and it is also not known whether exercise training can reverse it. Male Wistar rats were assigned to 12-wk intervention ...

Although it is known that circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are influenced by both physical exercise and dietary intake separately, there is little information regarding the additive effect of diets and training on IGF-1 regulation. To test this, we examined the combined effect of 30 days of two ...

Estrogen replacement and physical activity have been demonstrated to reduce the risk to develop a metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. In this study we investigate the combined effects of endurance training and estrogen substitution in a rat animal model of diet induced obesity. Effects on lipid and glucose metabolism were ...

We studied male and female nonprofessional Ironman triathletes to determine whether percent body fat, training, and/or previous race experience were associated with race performance. We used simple linear regression analysis, with total race time as the dependent variable, to investigate the relationship among athletes' percent body fat, average amount of ...

INTRODUCTION: Heat illness has not declined in the U.S. military despite preventive measures. The increase in overweight recruits entering the U.S. military may lead to an increase in heat-related events. This study compares the risk of heat illness among U.S. Army recruits who exceeded body fat standards at accession to ...

Intake of dietary supplements is widespread among athletes in developed countries. This study evaluated the use of dietary supplements in athletes from a developing country. Dietary supplementation practices of 113 national-level athletes age 15-35 yr in Sri Lanka were assessed. All athletes from track-and-field, badminton, football, swimming, cycling, and karate ...

PURPOSE: To examine the influence of dietary protein on lean body mass loss and performance during short-term hypoenergetic weight loss in athletes. METHODS: In a parallel design, 20 young healthy resistance-trained athletes were examined for energy expenditure for 1 wk and fed a mixed diet (15% protein, 100% energy) in ...

Evidence suggests that a number of Special Operations Soldiers are using dietary supplements to augment their physical training programs and that some of these supplements are not entirely benign. This article presents a series of case reports of Soldiers who suffered adverse effects that may be at least partially attributable ...

This study aimed to analyze the effects of exercise at the aerobic/anaerobic transition on the markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), insulin sensitivity and the blood chemistry of rats kept on a fructose-rich diet. We separated 48 Wistar rats into two groups according to diet: a control group (balanced ...

To examine the prevalence of dieting, reasons for dieting and prevalence of disordered eating among adolescent elite athletes and age-matched controls, and to examine the differences between athletes competing in leanness and non-leanness sports. First-year students of 16 different Norwegian Elite Sport High Schools (athlete group, n = 682) and ...

Previous studies have determined that lin-4, which was the first miRNA to be discovered, controls the timing of cell fate determination and life span in Caenorhabditis elegans. However, the mechanism of lin-4 involvement in these processes remains poorly understood. Fat storage is an essential aspect of the life cycle of ...

AIMS: The present study was designed to examine the possible changes in body composition, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and inflammatory markers of obese children in response to a 2-month program of exercise training combined with dietary restriction. METHODS: Twenty-eight obese children (age 13.2 +/- ...

This study described the dietary intake profiles of 14 female (F) and 9 male (M) trained British wheelchair games players. The M group showed significantly higher daily energy (2060 +/- 904 vs. 1520 +/- 342 kcal x day(-1)), carbohydrate and protein intakes than the F group (p < .05). The ...

Physical exercise protects against the development of cardiovascular disease, partly by lowering plasmatic total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and increased HDL-cholesterol levels. In addition, it is now established that reduction plasmatic adiponectin and increased C-reactive protein (CRP) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels play a role in the maintenance of an inflammatory ...

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Diets rich in readily fermentable carbohydrates, fed traditionally to meet the increased energy requirements of the performance horse, are associated with a number of gastrointestinal disorders that involve disturbances in the intestinal microbiota, however, these changes are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: With the long-term objective of improving ...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of resistance training on skeletal muscle lipid content, liver lipid content, heart lipid content, fat depots, and lipid profile in ovariectomized rats. Wistar adult female rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 10 per group): sedentary (Sed-Intact), sedentary ...

Rhabdomyolysis is a rare but potentially life-threatening disorder. The long list of known risk factors includes trauma, drug intoxication, alcoholism, hyperpyrexia, vascular occlusion, infections, electrolyte imbalances, heat intolerance, seizures, severe exertion, and substance abuse. Exercise-induced muscle damage is commonly experienced after physical activity, and different studies showed that the amount ...

The primary objective of this study was to examine the relationship of the "fat burning" and aerobic zones. Subjects consisted of 36 relatively fit runners (20 male, 16 female) who completed a maximal exercise test to exhaustion on a motor-driven treadmill. The lower and upper limit of the "fat burning" ...

BACKGROUND: Artificial sports fields are increasingly being used for sports. Recycled rubber from automotive and truck scrap rubber tires are used as an infill material for football grounds. There are concerns that football players may be at risk due to exposure from released compounds from rubber infill. Compounds from crumb ...

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) is the rate limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of saturated-derived monounsaturated fats that are the major constituents of very-low-density-lipoproteins-triacylglycerol (VLDL-TAG) and are involved in regulating cellular metabolism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an 8-week exercise training program on the hepatic gene ...

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the nutritional supplement intake of athletes from a state-based sports institute. Athletes (n=72) from seven sports (kayaking, field hockey, rowing, waterpolo, swimming, athletics and netball) completed a questionnaire detailing their daily usage and rationale therefore. The large majority (63/72; 87.5+/-12.5%) of surveyed ...