Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated associations between low birth weight and increased rates of adult diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. Maternal iron restriction in the rat has been reported to both reduce birth weight and to elevate blood pressure at 40 days of age. The aim of the present study ...

HYPOTHESIS: Patients with malnutrition are susceptible to infection. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the major effector of the nonspecific immune response in host resistance to infection. Dietary restriction may impair PMN-mediated immunity in the peritoneal cavity by reducing PMN exudation, adhesion molecule expression on PMNs, and chemokine production. DESIGN: Randomized study ...

One of the most robust observations in the biology of aging is that caloric restriction (CR) extends life in a variety of species. Although CR results in substantial decrease in fat mass, the role of fat in life extension was considered minimal. Indeed, in the fields of obesity and diabetes, ...

As the only paradigm that has consistently increased life span and inhibited the onset and/or progression of disease, dietary restriction has multiple effects on a variety of organ systems. In this brief review, the goal of the panel was to attempt to understand the role of changes in physical activity ...

In the present study, we have established the biological effects during 8 weeks of (i) caloric restriction (Cal) and (ii) simultaneous administration of Cal plus 2 hr daily immobilization stress using male Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were divided into three equal groups: (i) ad libitum fed, (ii) 30% restriction of food ...

The mechanism by which maternal Fe deficiency in the rat causes fetal growth retardation has not been clearly established. This study compared the effects on the fetuses from dams fed a control diet with two groups of dams fed Fe-restricted diets. One Fe-restricted group was fed the Fe-restricted diet for ...

To investigate the inhibitory effect of dietary calorie restriction on experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) in rats, and its mechanism. Lewis rats were maintained on a 50% calorie-restricted diet for 2 months or 6 months. The control group was maintained on a 90% ad libitum intake for the same length of ...

BACKGROUND: Postweaning diet restriction is associated with prolongation of life span, reduced age-related disease and slower ageing. The effects of diet restriction imposed prior to weaning have not been so well characterised, but studies suggest an opposite effect with increased age-related diseases occurring in offspring exposed to undernutrition in prenatal ...

Twenty-six 6-week old female New Zealand White rabbits were divided into two groups: ad libitum (AL) and 70% restricted (RS) feeding. At the beginning of the experiment the liveweights were practically the same: 0.99 +/- 0.08 vs. 1.01 +/- 0.08 kg in group AL and RS, respectively. At 18 weeks ...

Melatonin has been found to exhibit youth-maintaining and disease-preventing properties. The current study examined whether the age-retarding regimen of chronic food restriction (FR) slowed the decline in melatonin secretion reported to occur with age. Total nocturnal melatonin secretion was assessed by radioimmunoassay of the primary metabolite, 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (6-S-OH-MLT), in urine. ...

The effects of dietary restriction of a single essential amino acid (EAA) on insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-1 were investigated in rats. Rats were fed experimental diets containing amino acid (AA) mixtures in which the concentrations of all EAA were at levels recommended by the National Research ...

We investigated the influence of maternal dietary restriction between days 28 and 80 of gestation followed by re-feeding to the intake of well-fed ewes up to 140 days of gestation (term is 147 days) in sheep, on expression of mRNA for insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II and growth hormone receptor ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence of radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis in 4 diarthrodial joints of dogs with restricted feed intake, compared with dogs without restricted feed intake. DESIGN: Paired feeding study. ANIMALS: 48 Labrador Retrievers. PROCEDURE: Dogs in litters from 7 dams and 2 sires were paired by sex and weight ...

The retinal rod outer segment (ROS) is shed and digested daily by phagosomes in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. We previously observed significantly fewer large phagosomes in rats fed an alpha-linolenic acid (ALNA)-deficient diet. Rats fed a safflower oil diet (ALNA-restricted) or a perilla oil diet (ALNA-sufficient) through two generations ...

A 2-year study was conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats to compare the effects of ad libitum (AL) feeding and dietary restriction (DR) on body weight, survival, cause of death, and clinical pathology parameters. Three groups of 120 rats/sex each received the following daily rations of a maintenance rodent diet: ad libitum ...

The effect of malnutrition on the biodistribution of radiopharmaceuticals is not known. We studied the biodistribution of 99Tcm-labelled sodium pertechnetate (Na99TcmO4) in two rat models of malnutrition. Three groups of 2-month-old rats were separated according to their diets: (1) control diet, 23% protein (C); (2) protein-restricted, receiving 8% protein (PR), ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of various diets on the pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital and the interactive effects of changes in body composition and metabolic rate. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 27 healthy sexually intact adult female Beagles. PROCEDURE: Pharmacokinetic studies of phenobarbital were performed before and 2 months after dogs were fed ...

Dietary protein deficiency, common in elderly, is associated with decreased areal bone mineral density and plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). To investigate the early adaptation of bone cells to protein restriction, 6-month-old female rats were pair-fed with isocaloric 15% (control) or 2.5% casein diets for 14 days. Animals were ...

BACKGROUND: The effects of malnutrition on polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) exudation are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of short-term dietary restriction on adhesion molecule expression on circulating PMNs and PMN exudation into the inflamed site in a glycogen-induced peritonitis model. METHODS: Twelve mice ...

1. The reproductive structures of 4 broiler breeder lines fed ad libitum or restricted were compared at 1st egg. The lines were contemporary male- and female-lines and their respective progenitor lines maintained without selection for 20 years. 2. The selected lines were larger and had more hierarchical yellow follicles than ...

The effects of methyl-deficiency and dietary restriction (DR) on hepatic cell proliferation and telomerase activity was studied in male Fischer 344 rats pretreated with aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)). Five-week-old rats were gavaged 5 days per week for 3 weeks with AFB(1) (25 microg/rat per day) or solvent (100 microl 75% dimethylsulfoxide). ...

This investigation reports the possible role of the endocannabinoid anandamide on modulating the behavioral and neurochemical consequences of semi-starvation. We studied the effect of very low dose anandamide (0.001 mg/kg) administration on food intake, cognitive function and catecholaminergic and serotonergic pathways in two murine brain areas concerned with appetite (hypothalamus) ...

BACKGROUND: Diet restriction (DR) has been shown to extend the life spans of various laboratory animals, the mechanism may involve a decrease in oxidative stress. When determining if the total tissue defense has been altered, it is important to observe the overall direct antioxidant capacity, which consists of low molecular ...

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of aging and diet restriction on the biomechanical properties of articular cartilage, using a well-controlled rat model (Fischer 344). This animal model is recommended by the National Institute of Aging specifically to study aging and diet issues. The intrinsic biomechanical ...

Previous investigators have found the metabolic rate to be the same in calorically-restricted and ad-libitum fed rodents, and hence concluded that the Rate of Living Theory does not help explain the longer lifespan of the calorically-restricted (CR) animal. However, these previous instigators may not have used reliable estimates of metabolic ...

Since no data are available to characterize mandibular growth in nonorganic nutritional dwarfing (ND), the purpose of the present study was to describe the effects of a diet on mandible and femur growth in a nutritional dwarfish animal model. Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups of 10 animals ...

Half of Sprague-Dawley rats develop and defend diet-induced obesity (DIO) or diet resistance (DR) when fed a high-energy (HE) diet. Here, adult male rats were made DIO or DR after 10 wk on HE diet. Then half of each group was food restricted for 8 wk on chow to maintain ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a moderate diet restriction on the progression of preneoplastic foci into hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and whether such an effect was related to altered cell proliferation, apoptosis, and/or tumour contents of lipid-soluble antioxidants. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were ...

BACKGROUND: Phenylketonuria is an inherited disease for which the main treatment is the dietary restriction of the amino acid phenylalanine. The diet has to be initiated in the neonatal period to prevent or reduce mental handicap however the diet is very restrictive and unpalatable and can be difficult to follow. ...

Caloric restriction (CR) has been observed to retard aging processes and extend the maximum life span in rodents. In an effort to evaluate the effect of this nutritional intervention on physiologic variables in higher species, several nonhuman primate trials are ongoing. In particular, a study evaluating the independent effect of ...

We have demonstrated that a 40% restriction of dietary energy consumption virtually abolishes the development of prolactin (PRL)-producing pituitary tumors in Fischer 344 (F344) rats treated chronically with estrogen, apparently by inhibiting the ability of estrogen to enhance survival within a rapidly proliferating lactotroph population. The purpose of the study ...

Long term chronic calorie restriction (CR) of adult nonhuman primates significantly reduces morbidity and increases median age of death. The present review is focused upon an ongoing study of sustained adult-onset calorie restriction, which has been underway for 15 years. Monkeys, initially calorie restricted at about 10 years of age, ...

The diet can significantly alter the results of toxicity and carcinogenicity studies. Ad libitum (AL) overfeeding of excessive calories to sedentary adult rodents is one of the most poorly controlled variables affecting the current rodent bioassay. AL-overfed rodents develop an early onset of adverse metabolic events, endocrine-disruptive degenerative diseases, and ...

Chromium (Cr), being an excellent tanning agent, is widely used in the leather industry. In the process of leather production, tannery workers are exposed to either inorganic Cr(III) compounds or Cr bound to proteins (leather dust). The total Cr content in tannery air (1-54 microg m(-3)) is rather high in ...

Relationships between the quantity of diet, and group vs. individual rearing toward ontogenesis on degree of cannibalism and cuticular lipid profile of young Tegenaria atrica Araneae, Agelenidae were studied. Ad libitum diet increases the development rate and decreases cannibalism between conspecifics compared to a reduced diet. Individually reared young on ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare a severe protein restriction diet supplemented with ketoanalogues to a moderate protein restriction diet in order to limit glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decrease in an advanced renal insufficiency stage. DESIGN: Prospective randomised study conducted to compare a severe protein restriction diet (0.30 g/kg/day) supplemented with a preparation ...

Based on ideal conditions technical life span of human kind is approximately 110-120 years. Although number of studies including calorie restriction and antiparkinsonism drug (deprenyl) have indicated increased life span in animals, it is premature to expect them to increase life span in man. However, current studies like activation of ...

Catch-up growth has been defined as growth with a velocity above the statistical limits of normality for age during a defined period of time which follows a period of impaired growth. Since no data are available on catch-up in mandibular growth, the present study was designed to estimate the dynamics ...

The aims of this study were to investigate if administration of oxytocin to ad libitum fed and food-restricted female rats affects weight gain, body fatness, the IGF-axis, and some vagally mediated gastrointestinal hormones, such as gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and somatostatin. Ad libitum fed and food-restricted (receiving 70% of the food ...

Eight Thoroughbred horses were used to determine the effects of long-term calorie restriction and diet composition on serum T4 and T3 concentrations and metabolic responses with exercise. Horses were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups (n = 4): Group 1, horses were fed a calorie-restricted diet designed to have 70% ...

Two trials were conducted to investigate whether manipulation of feeding pattern or early feed intake affected the prevalence of leg weakness in broiler chickens. In Trial 1, the birds were offered two, three, or four meals per day or consumed feed ad libitum. In Trial 2, a multifactorial design was ...

BACKGROUND: Protein energy malnutrition is a common finding in elderly people, increasing morbidity and mortality in aged inpatients. Investigations need to be developed to counteract malnutrition-induced alterations early and to avoid potential irreversible lesions. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate time-response to severe dietary restriction (DR) initiated ...

The aim of this study was to characterize hemodynamic, electrolytic and endocrine alterations produced by food restriction (50%) in pregnant rats for the purpose of evaluating the importance of these parameters on the plasma volume expansion and fetal growth. One hundred seventy six pregnant rats were divided into two groups, ...

Dietary supplement of bioflavonoid rutin and calorie restriction were examined to investigate possible reduction in oxidative DNA damage, protein oxidation, and lipid peroxidation in animals. Rats were fed ad libitum 20% casein semipurified diet or a diet that was supplemented by 2.5% water soluble rutin derivative, 4(G)-alpha-glucopyranosylrutin (G-rutin) for 18 ...

The effects of the amount of fat provided in a restricted diet on weight loss and body composition were studied in this work. Lean male (Fa/?) Zucker rats were fed a control diet ad libitum. Obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats were divided into three groups: one group was fed a control ...

The aim of the present study was to estimate the direct healthcare cost of managing adults with previously untreated phenylketonuria (PKU) for one year before any dietary restrictions and for the first year after a phenylalanine- (PHE-) restricted diet was introduced. The resource use and corresponding costs were estimated from ...

Connective tissue shows peculiar and complex age-related modifications, which can be, at least in part, responsible for altered functions and increased susceptibility to diseases. Food restriction has long been known to prolong life in rodents, having antiaging effects on a variety of physiologic and pathologic processes. Therefore, the aorta has ...

The effects of strain selection and body weight on proteoglycan metabolism and the onset of degenerative joint disease (DJD) were investigated in avian articular cartilage. Samples from the hock joint (proximal tarsometatarsus, PTM; distal tibiotarsus, DTT) of rapidly growing broiler fowl, fed either ad libitum or on a restricted-diet, were ...

Recent evidence suggests that dietary fat intake may be more strongly associated than total energy intake to the development and maintenance of obesity. The objective of this study was to determine whether dietary fat restriction would promote more favorable changes in body weight, body composition, resting metabolic rate (RMR), eating ...

Calorie restriction to produce stable long-term adult body weight for approximately 10 years prevents obesity and diabetes in middle-aged rhesus monkeys. To determine whether this dietary regimen also alters energy metabolism, the doubly labeled water method was used to measure total daily energy expenditure. Six adult male rhesus monkeys, which ...