BACKGROUND AND AIM: Numerous studies suggest an association between high intake of fatty fish and reduced risk of coronary heart disease. Very long-chain omega-3 fatty acids are thought to be responsible for the benefits observed, though other fatty fish components may act in concert with them. Norwegian fish powder is ...

In developed nations, diet is related directly or indirectly to the most prevalent chronic diseases. Research has helped clarify diet-disease relationships and enabled the promulgation of dietary recommendations for chronic disease prevention. We reviewed epidemiologic study results, clinical trial data, and general dietary recommendations from various agencies to develop a ...

As recently as five years ago, doctors thought they had a pretty clear picture of what causes a heart attack. They saw it as a plumbing problem: too much fat in the diet builds up in the blood vessels that feed the heart, creating stoppages that starve the heart of ...

Dietary intervention trials using coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality and morbidity as endpoints have demonstrated that restriction of dietary total and saturated fat or replacement of the latter with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), in particular n-3 PUFAs, is of great benefit with respect to CHD risk. This is likewise the ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of replacing lean meat with a soy product, tofu, on coronary heart disease risk factors including serum lipoproteins, lipoprotein (a), factor VII, fibrinogen and in vitro susceptibility of LDL to oxidation. DESIGN: A randomized cross over dietary intervention study. SETTING: Free-living individuals studied at Deakin ...

Past research efforts to determine the influence of the diet on cardiovascular health have focused on the individual roles of specific dietary components, and have done so with debatable success. Awareness of the impact and complexity of nutrient interactions has expanded in recent years to include assessment of overall dietary ...

Serum cholesterol has been established as a modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease. Experimental feeding studies show that saturated fat and cholesterol increase serum cholesterol levels; thus, dietary recommendations for lowering the risk of heart disease proscribe the intake of both substances. Recommendations have also included limits on the ...

BACKGROUND: Some weight-loss diets are nutritionally sound and consistent with recommendations for healthy eating while others are "fad" diets encouraging irrational and, sometimes, unsafe practices. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to compare several weight loss diets and assess their potential long-term effects. DESIGN: Eight popular weight-loss diets were ...

Recent research has demonstrated that successful simultaneous treatment of multiple risk factors including cholesterol, triglycerides, homocysteine, lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], fibrinogen, antioxidants, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, infection, and dietary factors can lead to the regression of coronary artery disease and the recovery of viable myocardium. However, preliminary work revealed that a number ...

Because the main cause of death in patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD) is sudden cardiac death (SCD), physicians should develop specific strategy, including dietary changes, to prevent it. In the long term, reduction of the diet-dependent chronic risk factors of CHD, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes, is also important. ...

Clinicians may soon be able to mount a multipronged attack against cholesterol, the artery-clogging lipid whose buildup in the body is a major contributor to heart attacks and other cardiovascular diseases. In work reported on page 1524, a team has pinpointed a biological master switch in mice that controls three ...

The effect of a high level of dietary fat on renal cyst disease was examined in the Han:SPRD-cy rat model of polycystic kidney disease. Control and diseased rats at 4 wk of age were fed either a low fat or high fat diet (5 or 20 g/100 g diet) for ...

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors among Costa Rican adolescents. METHODS: The prevalence of high blood pressure, obesity, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, sedentarism, family history of premature CHD, saturated fat intake, diabetes mellitus, and cigarette smoking was determined ...

The high-fat American diet is responsible for an epidemic of coronary artery disease. A plant-based diet with less than 10% fat will prevent coronary disease from developing, halt the progress of existing disease, and even reverse the disease in many patients. Given proper support and education, motivated patients with a ...

This study tested the hypothesis that the habitual diet of Indian adolescents contributes to coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. A random sample of 321 Indian matriculants aged 16 - 18 years participated. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were made with standardised methodology. Habitual dietary intakes were measured using a ...

The increased risk of coronary heart disease associated with the metabolic syndrome may be partially explained by prothrombotic deviations of the haemostatic system. Individuals with insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and obesity are characterized by elevated plasma fibrinogen and factor VII coagulant activity levels and raised concentrations of plasminogen-activator inhibitor, the main ...

BACKGROUND: The relationship of plasma cholesterol to human coronary artery disease was established with the Framingham study in 1960 and an elevated plasma cholesterol is now considered the major modifiable risk factor for developing coronary artery disease. Recent studies, including the Australian LIPID study, have changed what we consider to ...

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a major cause of death in Western countries. Mediterranean and Asian populations have a lower risk of death from CHD compared to Westernised population, as do vegetarian versus omnivorous populations. Dietary constituents of traditional diets consumed by these populations are thought to influence both the ...

The observation that coronary heart disease was greatest in those individuals with the highest cholesterol levels resulted in the development of interventions to lower cholesterol to improve coronary risk status. Some individuals will achieve target lipid levels with diet and lifestyle modification alone. Therefore, diet and lifestyle modification is the ...

With the republication of Grant (18), the first paper providing epidemiologic evidence linking diet to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is an appropriate time to review the findings and hypotheses therein in light of the subsequent literature. The main findings, that dietary fat and energy in old age ...

The fibrates are one of several classes of lipid-reducing agents commonly prescribed to reduce hypercholesterolemia and prevent coronary heart disease. In today's evidence-based, cost-conscious health care environment, interventions promoted by policymakers must provide clear clinical benefits and economic value. We assessed the evidence regarding the impact of fibrates and diet ...

Epidemiologic data support the association between high intake of vegetables and fruits and low risk of chronic disease. There are several biologically plausible reasons why consumption of vegetables and fruit might slow or prevent the onset of chronic diseases. Vegetables and fruit are rich sources of a variety of nutrients, ...

Regular moderate intensity physical activity and habitual diet providing no more than one third of energy from fats have been recommended for the prevention of atherosclerotic diseases. The background for these guidelines is the key role of plasma lipids. However, the importance of thrombogenesis in acute myocardial infarction has become ...

1. Hypercholesterolaemia has been associated with decreased heart rate variability, a measure of cardiac parasympathetic activity. However, the effect of perturbation of the lipid profile on autonomic function has not been examined systematically. 2. The effects of short-term dietary lipid modification on autonomic function are studied in 25 normotensive, non-smoking, ...

There is substantial evidence that several variants of the Mediterranean diet reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and perhaps other chronic conditions. Recently, the final results of the Lyon Diet Heart Study, a randomized secondary prevention trial, indicated that the Mediterranean diet substantially reduces the rate of recurrence ...

The number of enteral diets has increased from a handful in the 1970s to over 100 at present. These can be classified as polymeric, chemically defined, disease-specific, and specialized diets, as well as oral dietary supplements. The properties, indications, pros and cons for the use of these diets are outlined ...

Lowering raised serum cholesterol levels is firmly established as an effective intervention for reducing the mortality and morbidity due to coronary heart disease (CHD). Recent European and British guidelines for the management of hypercholesterolaemia recommend dietary modification as first-line therapy. However, dietary measures alone do not significantly reduce cholesterol levels. ...

In the past, many have avoided nuts because of their high fat content. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, however, recommends regular consumption of this food along with seeds and dried beans (4-5 servings per week) as part of a diet to control hypertension. Nuts are nutrient-dense and ...

Residents of the rural South are at high risk for heart disease and are frequently identified as having high blood cholesterol, but sources for nutrition counseling in rural areas are often limited. To increase the availability of high quality nutrition counseling, the Food for Heart Program was developed for public ...

In the beginning of this century a possible relation was observed between cholesterol-rich foods, blood cholesterol levels and atherosclerosis by "pioneers" in this field as Anitschkow and De Langen. In the second half of this century a definite link was established between serum cholesterol levels and development of coronary heart ...

After pioneering, scattered observations in the context of the so-called geographical pathology, collected during the first part of this century, a systematic approach into the search of causality of the association between diet and coronary heart disease has characterized the past 50 years. The possible link of eating habits leading ...

C.D. de Langen hypothesized already in 1916 that overnutrition by a cholesterol rich diet is associated with hypercholesterolaemia and the occurrence of atherosclerotic complications such as coronary heart disease. It took till the nineteen fifties before the associations between diet, serum cholesterol and coronary heart disease were systematically investigated. Keys ...

In addressing questions about the relations of dietary factors to disease in human populations, epidemiologic studies must account for the complexity of dietary habits, the intercorrelations among dietary habits, and the correlations of those habits with other behaviors. Furthermore, for studies of chronic disease, relevant dietary exposures may occur over ...

Many diet-related chronic diseases take a disproportionate toll among members of racial minorities. Research shows the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and heart disease is higher among various ethnic groups compared with whites. The Guidelines and the Food Guide Pyramid, however, promote the use of multiple servings of meats and ...

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S. One way to reduce the risk of developing the disease is to lower serum cholesterol levels by making dietary changes. In addition to reducing intake of total fat, saturated fat, and dietary cholesterol, serum cholesterol can be further reduced ...

BACKGROUND. Mortality from coronary heart disease in Finland has declined remarkably since the early 1970s. Most of the change has apparently been due to the active national strategy for reduction of serum cholesterol levels. This study was undertaken to estimate to what extent members of the Finnish parliament (MPs) have ...

Review of the evidence available in published literature supports a radical change in viewpoint with respect to disease in countries where maize is the predominant dietary component. In these countries, the pattern of disease is largely determined by a change in immune profile caused by metabolites of dietary linoleic acid. ...

Ochratoxin A which is degraded to ochratoxin α in the rumen may have negative effects on kidney function. However, the toxicity of ochratoxin α is significantly lower than of ochratoxin A. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of different ruminal parameters such as pH and fermentation ...

Oxidized low density lipoproteins (LDL) play a major role in the development of atherosclerosis. Saturated fatty acids, especially fatty acids with 12-16 carbon atoms, are the most important determinants of the LDL cholesterol level. The LDL lipoprotein fraction can be oxidized by, e.g., smoking. Oxidative damage of LDL lipoproteins can ...

A major issue in human nutrition is the optimal relation of carbohydrate-to-fat in the diet. According to some investigators, a high proportion of fat energy to total energy favors the development of several chronic diseases. Among these are obesity, coronary heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. The theory that a high ...

The risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) is influenced by family history, insulin sensitivity (IS), and diet. Adiposity affects CHD and IS. The cellular mechanism of IS is thought to involve the adipocyte cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in isolated subcutaneous and omental adipocytes obtained during elective ...

At Tansen Mission Hospital in the middle hill area of Nepal the 4-year discharge data base was surveyed for amputations due to thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease). An incidence of 693/100,000 admissions was found. This is 50 times higher than the North American incidence. We investigated causative factors by means of ...

Current dietary recommendations to decrease coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in the general population include reduction of total fat intake to less than or equal to 30% of energy, saturated fat to less than 10% of energy, and dietary cholesterol to less than 300 mg/day. Further restrictions in saturated fat ...

There is considerable epidemiological evidence that tea drinking lowers the risk of heart disease. However, the mechanism by which tea can be protective is unknown. Hamsters were fed a normal or high cholesterol diet for 2 weeks and drank green or black tea ad libitum. The plasma lipid profile was ...

OBJECTIVES: Dietary and coronary heart disease risk factors in Old Order Mennonite men and women were examined. METHODS: A food frequency questionnaire was mailed to 250 Mennonites who had participated in a previous study of coronary heart disease risk factors. RESULTS: Mennonites consumed a diet high in total fat, saturated ...

OBJECTIVES: This study compared dietary risk factors among Southern-born and other Blacks in Central Harlem. METHODS: A survey of residents of Central Harlem was used to compute a "healthy diet" score for 621 subjects. RESULTS: Southern-born respondents had the highest-risk diets. Although their numbers were small, Caribbean-born respondents, particularly those ...

Chinese populations have been protected from coronary heart disease by a low fat diet and low plasma lipids. Fat intake has increased in more affluent populations but coronary heart disease mortality has remained relatively low. Further increases in dietary fat in young people and rising rates of diabetes in the ...

A fat diet, rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA) and low in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), is said to be an important cause of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The evidence for this hypothesis was sought by reviewing studies of the direct link between dietary fats and atherosclerotic vascular disease ...

BACKGROUND: Natives of South India have a very high incidence of coronary artery disease, despite low calorie and fat intake. HYPOTHESIS: This study was undertaken to determine whether morphologic features of atheromatous plaque reflect the serum total cholesterol. METHODS: Fifty-three endarterectomy specimens from patients (mean age 47 +/- 9 years, ...

In this review the indications for the available treatments for dyslipidemias in the prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) are considered, and their efficacy according to the latest studies is analyzed. As data sources the authors used the main multicenter studies performed in the last twenty years to evaluate primary ...