The present study is designed to investigate how and to what extent sympathovagal behavior in a balanced low-calorie diet relates to favorable changes of body mass, waist circumference, and/or metabolic risk factors. The study involved 28 mildly obese women without clinical complications, who underwent an 8-week calorie restriction program using ...

The objective of this study was to determine whether systemic inflammatory and oxidative stress marker concentrations correlate with pericardial and intrathoracic fat volumes. Participants of the Framingham Offspring Study (n = 1,175, 53% women, mean age 59 +/- 9 years) had pericardial and intrathoracic fat volumes assessed by multidetector computed ...

BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE: Persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals can cause diseases in women, however, the relationships of these pollutants and uterine leiomyomas (UL), which are non-cancerous tumors of the uterus, are unclear. This study focused on the quantification of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ...

It is well established that fat distribution rather than the total quantity of fat is the major determinant of cardiovascular risk in overweight subjects. However, it is not known whether the concept of fat distribution still makes sense in severely obese subjects. Particularly, the role of visceral fat accumulation and/or ...

In industrialized countries, prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking (PEMCS) is the most common environmental insult to the fetus. Here, we tested the hypothesis that PEMCS amplifies accumulation of abdominal fat during the accelerated weight gain occurring in late puberty. This hypothesis was tested in 508 adolescents (12-18 years, 237 ...

OBJECTIVE: Common variants near melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) have been related to fatness and type 2 diabetes. We examined the associations of rs17782313 and rs17700633 in relation to body fat, body fat distribution, metabolic traits, weight development and energy expenditure. METHODS: Obese young men (n = 753, BMI > or ...

Little information is available regarding how body fatness and cardio/respiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with serum vaspin. The purpose of the study was to investigate the combined effect of body mass index (BMI) and CRF on serum vaspin in Korean young men. In a cross-sectional study, we examined 490 Korean ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Waist and hip circumferences are largely influenced by Fat Mass and several other determinants. To evaluate the specific effects of a preferential fat distribution, we corrected the waist and hip circumferences for all their determinants. We then examined the association between fat distribution and several cardio-metabolic parameters ...

The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of metabolic derangements that are associated with primary disturbances in adipose tissue. Abnormal visceral fat accumulates from physical inactivity and excess calories in genetically susceptible individuals. This increased adipocyte mass acts as an endocrine organ and communicates with other organ systems via increases ...

It is unclear whether visceral obesity is largely responsible for an increased risk of coronary artery disease. In the present study, 1,054 men underwent coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring and abdominal computed tomography. Risk factor information, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio were collected for all participants. The ...

White adipose tissue (fat) is the primary organ for energy storage and its regulation has serious implications on human health. Excess fat tissue causes significant morbidity, and adipose tissue dysfunction caused by excessive adipocyte hypertrophy has been proposed to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. Studies ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fatness and fitness on insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among Korean adolescents. A total of 322 male high school students participated Departme nt of Sport and Leisure Studies, Yonsei University, Seoup, Republic of Korea Department ...

Obesity is associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular complications. However, the molecular link between obesity and vascular disease is not fully understood. Most previous studies have focused on the association between cardiovascular disease and accumulation of visceral fat. Periadventitial fat is distributed ubiquitously around arteries throughout the body. Here, ...

This study aimed to clarify the sex-, age-, and obesity-level-specific regional subcutaneous fat characteristics and their relationships with total and visceral fat in 302 Japanese adults (mean age: 41.8+/-15.7 yr; range: 20.0 to 82.6 yr). Subcutaneous fat thickness at 14 sites (right cheek, chin, chest (2 sites), abdomen, suprailiac, triceps, ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Exercise is thought to reduce high-risk body fat, but intervention studies are frequently limited by short follow-ups and observational studies by genetic selection. Therefore, we studied the effects of a physically inactive vs active lifestyle on high-risk (visceral, liver and intramuscular) fat in twin pairs discordant for ...

Obesity is epidemic among adolescents in the United States. We sought to analyze the anthropometric measures of adiposity and fasting indices of insulin resistance, including insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), and to provide a clinical estimate of intraperitoneal (IP) fat in obese adolescents (BMI > or =95th percentile), between ages ...

BACKGROUND: The development of obesity is still a poorly understood process that is dependent on both genetic and environmental factors. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine how physical activity and the proportion of energy as protein in the diet modify the genetic variation of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, ...

Change in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) from low-fat diet (diet) and physical activity (PA) interventions is relatively unknown for adults with metabolic syndrome. The objective of the study was to assess CRP change (DeltaCRP) with diet and/or PA in men and women with and without metabolic syndrome. Men (n = ...

Visceral adipose tissue has been shown to have high lipolytic activity. The aim of this study was to examine whether free fatty acid (FFA) uptake into visceral adipose tissue is enhanced compared to abdominal subcutaneous tissue in vivo. Abdominal adipose tissue FFA uptake was measured using positron emission tomography (PET) ...

The objectives of this study were 1) to determine whether selection toward less subcutaneous fat thickness at constant intramuscular fat content in pigs is related to tissue-specific changes in the expression of lipogenic enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), and Delta(6)-desaturase (Delta6d); and 2) to investigate tissue specific distribution ...

In fish, the relative amount of tissues of different densities changes significantly over short periods throughout the year, depending on the availability of food, nutrition and their developmental status, such as sexual maturation. If a land-living animal accumulates fat it influences not only its general state of health, but also ...

AIM: This study aimed to test the association of individual adipose depots on cardiometabolic outcomes, whether the association varied by depot and if the associations differed by race/ethnicity or gender in early pubertal children. METHODS: Three hundred and twenty children (53% male) aged 7-12 years self-identified as African American (AA; ...

Two groups of Chinese hypertriacylglycerolemic subjects were recruited and randomized to medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols (MLCT) oil or long-chain triacylglycerols (LCT) oil. Two subgroups were divided by age at less or more 60 years in both groups. Both oils were consumed at 25-30 g daily for 8 weeks. Anthropometry, blood ...

Acetic acid (AcOH), a main component of vinegar, recently was found to suppress body fat accumulation in animal studies. Hence we investigated the effects of vinegar intake on the reduction of body fat mass in obese Japanese in a double-blind trial. The subjects were randomly assigned to three groups of ...

Inadequate dietary patterns and sedentary lifestyles are believed to be important factors in predisposing people to obesity. This study analyzed the potential interaction between habitual physical activity and the carbohydrate (CHO)-fat distribution in 2 hypocaloric diets and the impact of such interplay on body composition changes. Forty healthy obese women, ...

Polymorphisms near the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene locus are associated with body weight. Recent studies have shown that they influence insulin sensitivity and incidence of the metabolic syndrome. Thus, we hypothesized that the candidate single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17782313 near MC4R additionally influences body fat distribution and its change during lifestyle ...

OBJECTIVE: Greater accumulation of visceral fat is strongly linked to risk of cardiovascular disease. However, elevated waist circumference by itself does not always identify individuals with increased visceral fat. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We examined 375 subjects with type 2 diabetes from the CHICAGO cohort for presence of hypertriglyceridemic waist ...

OBJECTIVE: Bariatric surgery is gaining acceptance as an efficient treatment modality for obese patients. Mechanistic explanations regarding the effects of bariatric surgery on body composition and fat distribution are still limited. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Intra-abdominal and subcutaneous fat depots were evaluated using computed tomography in 27 obese patients prior ...

Central obesity is known to be an important risk factor in the development of metabolic syndrome and intraabdominal fat thickness has been found to be a reliable indicator of central obesity. Many anthropometric indicators have been suggested for measuring intraabdominal fat. The aim of this study was to relate various ...

CONTEXT: Limited data are available regarding the impact of caloric restriction (CR) in combination with resistance training (RT) on the metabolic profile of postmenopausal women. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine whether RT adds to CR in improving body composition and the metabolic profile. DESIGN AND SETTING: ...

CONTEXT: Modulation of adipose tissue exposure to active glucocorticoids by type 1 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-HSD1) is involved in abdominal obesity of rodent models, but only a few studies have related 11 beta-HSD1 oxoreductase activity to fat distribution in humans. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to examine ...

Previous studies have suggested vitamin D insufficiency is associated with increased obesity; however, the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH](2)D) and measures of adiposity has not been well characterized in minority populations. The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between levels of 25[OH]D and ...

Among Asians, including Japanese, obesity is related to dyslipidemia and insulin resistance at a lower level of body mass index (BMI) compared with non-Hispanic whites (NHW). We hypothesize that this ethnic difference in the relationship between BMI and metabolic risks is partly associated with the ethnic difference in fat distribution, ...

Increased body fat is a risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic disease, yet it is uncertain whether obesity protects against osteoporosis or adiposity is harmful to bone. The aim of the study was to assess whether the pattern of adipose tissue deposition influences bone structure and strength. The relations between ...

Background. Overweight, hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance are cardinal features of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Women with PCOS have excess accumulation of trunkal fat and metabolic complications. Recent findings suggest that peripheral fat may have metabolic protective behaviour. The aim of this study was to investigate body fat distribution ...

Weight loss after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding surgery (LAGB) is associated with mobilization of adipose tissue from a variety of depots. We sought to evaluate and relate abdominal and hepatic lipid deposition in an obese female population 3 and 12 months after LAGB. We related changes in these depots to ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of various methods for body fat assessment with indices of peripheral artery disease in the deep and superficial femoral arteries. METHODS: The intima-media thickness (IMT), maximal IMT (max IMT), femoral wall thickness (FWT), maximal FWT (max FWT), cross-sectional intima ...

To identify genetic loci influencing central obesity and fat distribution, we performed a meta-analysis of 16 genome-wide association studies (GWAS, N = 38,580) informative for adult waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR). We selected 26 SNPs for follow-up, for which the evidence of association with measures of central adiposity ...

Fatty liver is increasingly common in obese adolescents. We determined its association with glucose dysregulation in 118 (37M/81F) obese adolescents of similar age and percent total fat. Fast-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and simple MRI were used to quantify hepatic fat content and abdominal fat distribution. All subjects had a standard ...

An F(2) population established by crossing a broiler male line and a layer line was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting abdominal fat weight, abdominal fat percentage and serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. Two genetic models, the line-cross and the half-sib, were applied in the QTL analysis, both ...

Depression and abdominal obesity often co-occur, predominantly in women, and are associated with an increased risk for the development of glucose intolerance and subsequently type 2 diabetes. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We found that female, but not male, depression-prone serotonin transporter knockout (SERT(-/-)) rats had a strong increase ...

BACKGROUND: Obesity is generally considered a risk factor for postoperative morbidity following open gastrectomy. Body mass index (BMI) is widely accepted as an indicator of obesity, but does not necessarily reflect the distribution of fat. It is unclear how different types of fat may affect the operative procedure and outcome. ...

Combination of decreased energy expenditure and increased food intake results in fat accumulation either in the abdominal site (upper body obesity, UBO) or on the hips (lower body obesity, LBO). In this study, we used microarray gene expression profiling of adipose tissue biopsies to investigate the effect of body fat ...

The prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased over the past decade along with the cardiovascular and other health risks it encompasses. Adipose tissue, which is distributed in the abdominal viscera, carries a greater risk for cardiovascular disorders than adipose tissue subcutaneously. There is a sex difference in the regional fat ...

AIM: To investigate the clinical implications of lipid deposition in the pancreas (fatty pancreas). METHODS: The subjects of this study were 293 patients who had undergone abdominal computed tomography (CT) and sonography. Fatty pancreas was diagnosed by sonographic findings and subdivided into mild, moderate, and severe fatty pancreas groups comparing ...

We investigated whether rimonabant, a type 1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist, reduces visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in dogs maintained on a hypercaloric high-fat diet (HHFD). To determine whether energy expenditure contributed to body weight changes, we also calculated resting metabolic rate. Twenty male dogs received either ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived fat mass indices for predicting blood lipid profile in postmenopausal women. A secondary purpose was to determine whether waist circumference is comparable with DXA-derived measurements in predicting blood lipid profile. Subjects were 423 postmenopausal women ...

Visceral fat mass is a strong and independent predictor of obesity-related disorders. To date, little is known about the genetic determinants of regional body fat distribution in humans. As candidates of regional fat distribution, we investigated the fat mass- and obesity-associated gene, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta gene, and the retinoic ...

Our previous work in cynomolgus monkeys demonstrated significant relationships between (i) social reorganization stress and visceral fat deposition, and (ii) central fat deposition and coronary artery atherosclerosis (CAA). Nevertheless, direct relationships between CAA and visceral fat have not been demonstrated in people or animals, nor have relationships among stress, visceral ...

Endothelial dysfunction and increased intima-media thickness (IMT) have been found in obese patients. Both regional fat distribution and liver steatosis may influence these markers of subclinical atherosclerosis. We sought to determine the interrelationships of endothelial function, carotid IMT, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue accumulation, and liver steatosis in severely obese ...