Abstract Background: Hyperuricemia may underlie obesity and related disorders, but the impact of weight reduction and metformin on serum uric acid (sUA) in Caucasian children/adolescents is unknown. Methods: One hundred and thirteen children/adolescents were enrolled (83 completed) into 1-year weight reduction program (diet+exercise) without or with metformin. Anthropometric and biochemical ...

Dietary isoflavones are associated with oestrogenic and anti-oestrogenic effects, and have been linked to infertility in cheetahs. This study aimed to determine the isoflavone content of commercially prepared diets consumed by captive cheetahs. Sixteen international zoological facilities provided diets, and the isoflavone content of each diet was determined by acid ...

In the present study we investigated the effect of ovariectomy on some parameters of energy metabolism, namely Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and pyruvate kinase activities, as well as the mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes activities succinate dehydrogenase, complex II and cytochrome c oxidase in rat striatum. The influence of soy diet rich in isoflavones ...

Psychological stress may impair premenopausal ovarian function and contribute to risk for chronic disease. Soy isoflavones may also influence ovarian function and affect health. Here, we report the effects of a psychological stressor (subordinate social status) and dietary soy on reproductive function and related health indices in female monkeys. We ...

Soy diet ameliorates renal injury in the Han:SPRD-cy rat. The relative roles of protein, isoflavones and changes in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status are not determined. We fed male Han:SPRD-cy heterozygotes casein (C), high isoflavone soy protein (HIS), alcohol-extracted low isoflavone soy protein (LIS) or mixed soy protein diet (MIS). ...

Stroke is a leading cause of lasting disability. Dietary strategies aimed at increasing post-stroke outcomes are lifestyle alterations which could be easily implemented by people at risk of occlusive stroke. Soy diets have been demonstrated to provide some benefits in the short term following stroke, but longer time periods have ...

Consumption of heated edible oils may be harmful. The present study aimed to observe the histological changes due to concurrent consumption of soy oil (either fresh or heated) and fatty diet and the changes in the level of alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Forty female Spraque-Dawley rats were ...

Effective dietary intervention strategies that can be widely disseminated and have the potential for sustainable dietary modifications are needed. The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate the effectiveness of a telephone-based soy intervention. A randomized controlled trial comparing self-reported intake and serum measures of soy during a ...

The aim of this study was to determine the relationships among dietary protein source, cardiovascular risk, reproductive hormones, and ovarian aging. Adult female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were assigned randomly to one of two diets containing saturated fat and cholesterol, differing only by protein source: (1) casein-lactalbumin (n = 29) ...

Soy- or red clover- derived products containing isoflavones have been amply studied in climacteric and postmenopausal women, and confusing contradicting results have been published. The beneficial effects on climacteric complaints, cholesterol and the development of osteoporosis are marginally at best and there are no uterine and mammary safety studies. In ...

Alterations in plasma cholesterol concentrations, especially increases in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), are well-known risk factors in the development of atherosclerosis. Numerous studies have examined the lipid-lowering effects of functional soy-containing foods, but few have specifically examined soymilk, with equivocal findings reported. In September 2008, a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial was ...

Equol binds to the estrogen receptor with greater affinity than its precursor, daidzein, an isoflavone found in soybeans. Inter-individual differences in the ability to produce equol may lead to differential effects of isoflavone intervention on human health. Here, we review previously published work from our laboratory on equol producer status ...

Obesity is associated with an increase in adipose tissue mass due to an imbalance between high dietary energy intake and low physical activity; however, the type of dietary protein may contribute to its development. The aim of the present work was to study the effect of soy protein versus casein ...

One of the multiple health benefits of soy protein or its isoflavones may be their purported favorable effect on body composition. We examined the effect of isoflavones extracted from soy protein on overall and regional body composition, taking into account appetitive hormones as potential mediators, as well as the direct ...

We sought to determine the effect of daily soy supplementation on abdominal fat, glucose metabolism, and circulating inflammatory markers and adipokines in obese, postmenopausal Caucasian and African American women. In a double-blinded controlled trial, 39 postmenopausal women were randomized to soy supplementation or to a casein placebo without isoflavones. In ...

Little is known about the bioavailability of isoflavones in children. Previous studies have shown that children excrete more isoflavone in urine compared with adults. Thus we examined the relationship between usual dietary isoflavone intake and the urinary excretion of isoflavonoids in Korean girls of pubertal age. Twelve girls each were ...

The outcome of long-term exposure to dietary isoflavones on estrogen sensitive tissues is discussed controversially. We performed a study on tissue specific effects of lifelong isoflavone exposure on the rat uterus with exposure being initiated prenatally. We compare the effects of the dietary isoflavones, genistein (GEN) and daidzein, or GEN ...

Soy isoflavones have been reported to decrease the risk of atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women. However, the effects of dietary consumption of soybean have not been explored. In this study, we evaluated the effects of consuming yellow soybeans, black soybeans (Glycine max), or sword beans (Canavalia gladiate) on lipid and oxidative ...

We have reported that soy isoflavones are capable of preventing loss of bone mineral density (BMD) in rats due to ovariectomy. The intestinal microflora is important in rendering soy isoflavones bioavailability by facilitating their conversion to equol. Hence, substances that can modulate the intestinal microflora could affect the bioavailability of ...

Previous studies have suggested that daidzein's metabolites, equol and O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA), rather than daidzein itself may contribute to the beneficial effects of soya foods in the prevention of CVD. The present study aims to assess the proportion of equol and O-DMA producers, and to compare differences in anthropometric factors, serum ...

High soy (HS) diets are neuroprotective and promote vascular dilatation in the periphery. We hypothesized that an HS diet would promote vascular dilatation in the cerebrovasculature by mimicking estradiol's actions on the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) system including increasing eNOS expression and decreasing caveolin-1 expression to increase nitric oxide ...

Soy and soy-based products are widely consumed by infants and adult individuals. There has been speculation that the presence of isoflavone phytoestrogens in soybean cause adverse effects on the development and function of the male reproductive system. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of dietary soy ...

Oestrogen administration can alter experimental stroke outcomes. Soy as a source of phytoestrogens may therefore modulate responses in 'oestrogen-sensitive' stroke models, thus potentially confounding results. We evaluated the effects of dietary soy on acute infarct volumes in a pilot study using a rat focal stroke model. We hypothesized that ovariectomized ...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of soy isoflavone on obesity in the light of hypothalamus and peripheral orexigenic gene regulation. METHODS: Fifty-four female rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups: one sham-operated group (SHAM), one ovariectomized (OVX) control group, three OVX groups fed with 400 ppm (L-SI), 1200 ppm (M-SI) ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine whether the consumption of soy product fermented with Enterococcus faecium CRL 183, would modify the fecal microbiota of rats fed a diet containing red meat. The rats were placed in groups, distinguished by their diets. For 60 days, group I was ...

The value of soy protein as part of the cholesterol-lowering diet has been questioned by recent studies. The apparent lack of effect may relate to the absence of dietary factors that increase colonic fermentation and potentiate the cholesterol-lowering effect of soy. Therefore, unabsorbable carbohydrates (prebiotics) were added to the diet ...

Soy consumption is said to prevent or treat atherosclerosis, cancer, pain, and memory deficits, but experimental and clinical evidence to support these claims are lacking. We used in vivo models of inflammation to determine whether a soy diet reduces primary or secondary hyperalgesia. In all three experiments, rats were fed ...

Studies have suggested that daidzein-metabolizing phenotypes have beneficial effects on a range of health outcomes. We investigated the prevalence of equol producers and the relationship of equol phenotype with habitual isoflavone consumption and serum lipid concentrations in 200 Chinese adults in Beijing. After the baseline survey and dietary records, 200 ...

AIMS: To evaluate for the first time in children the effect of soy-derived isoflavones on lipid profile and insulin resistance. METHODS: Twelve hypercholesterolemic children (8 females) aged 5.3 to 11.2 years have completed a prospective, controlled pilot study. After a low-fat diet for 12 weeks, children who maintained high cholesterol ...

We have previously reported that a soy oil-containing experimental diet (fat-free AIN93G containing oil thermally processed with soybean protein followed by filtration), inhibited body weight increases without any adverse effects when given ad libitum to male Wistar rats for 12 weeks. In the present paper, the mechanism of weight-loss promoting ...

We hypothesized that consumption of soy protein isolate (SPI) or the soy isoflavone genistein (GEN) would modulate mRNA expression of genes underlying lipid and thyroid hormone metabolism in livers and small intestines of young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Early pregnant rat dams were placed on AIN-93G diets containing casein (CAS, ...

We used c-Fos immunoreactivity to estimate neuronal activation in hypothalamic feeding-regulatory areas of 3-month-old rats fed control or oil-enriched diets (soy or fish) since weaning. While no diet effect was observed in c-Fos immunoreactivity of 24-h fasted animals, the acute response to refeeding was modified by both hyperlipidic diets but ...

Menopause is associated with adverse metabolic changes, especially in plasma lipoprotein and cholesterol levels. Estrogens have beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. Phytoestrogens are plant substances that are structurally and functionally similar to 17beta-estradiol and are capable of producing estrogenic effects. The goal of the present study was to estimate the ...

Studies evaluating the effect of legume consumption on cholesterol have focused on soybeans, however non-soy legumes, such as a variety of beans, peas, and some seeds, are commonly consumed in Western countries. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of non-soy legume consumption on blood lipids. ...

1. The effects of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D(3)) and soy isoflavones supplementation on performance, carcase recovery, bone mineral density, and tibia ash, Ca, P, and serum vitamin D concentrations and alkaline phosphatase activity in the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to high ambient temperature were evaluated. 2. A total of 270 ...

Obesity is an epidemic condition strongly associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Heart disease secondary to obesity is associated with myocardial steatosis, leading to ceramide synthesis and cell dysfunction in a process known as lipotoxicity. Soy protein has been demonstrated to reduce lipotoxicity in the liver and pancreas in different ...

Effects of isoflavones on estrogen sensitive tissues are discussed controversially. This study was designed to investigate tissue specific effects of an isoflavone exposure through different periods of life in female Wistar rats and to compare the effects of genistein (GEN) to those of mixed dietary isoflavones, GEN and daidzein (DAI). ...

Nutritional interventions are important for reducing obesity and related conditions. Soy is a good source of protein and also contains isoflavones that may affect plasma lipids, body weight, and insulin action. Described here are data from a monkey breeding colony in which monkeys were initially fed a standard chow diet ...

Soy isoflavones and their metabolites, with estrogenic activity, have been considered candidates for reducing postmenopausal bone loss. In this study, we examined the effect of dietary equol, a bioactive metabolite of the soy isoflavone daidzein, on equol tissue distribution, bone parameters, and reproductive tissue activity using an adult ovariectomized (OVX) ...

Dietary phytoestrogens, such as the lignan metabolite enterolactone (ENL) and the isoflavone genistein (GEN), are suggested to modulate the risk of estrogen-dependent disease (e.g., breast cancer) through regulation of estrogen signaling. However, the effects of complex food items containing lignans or isoflavones on estrogen receptor (ER) transactivation have not been ...

Soya isoflavones: genistein and daidzein are increasingly consumed in Western countries. Their beneficial effects are discussed considering nutrition and health in Asia. The present study aimed to check whether chronic ingestions, ethnic origin and dietary context can influence soya phyto-oestrogen bioavailability. Two prospective trials were carried out to blindly assess ...

The aim of this study was to investigate potential differences in liver protein expression of Atlantic salmon fed genetically modified (GM) Roundup Ready soy at a high inclusion level (25% inclusion, constituting 21% of crude protein in the diet) for 7 months or a compositionally similar non-GM diet. The liver ...

OBJECTIVES: Athletes have increasingly used testosterone (T) and other endogenous anabolic steroids that cannot be detected by conventional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This led to gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry(GC/C/IRMS), which measures the relative amount of 13C in urinary steroids. Because exogenous testosterone is relatively low in 13C content, this study ...

We examined the effects of lactic acid fermented soymilk, in which part of the soymilk was replaced with okara (soy yogurt), on plasma and hepatic lipid profiles in rats fed a cholesterol-free diet. Additionally, we investigated the effects of soy yogurt on hepatic gene expression in rats using DNA microarray ...

To determine the effects of feeding soy or isoflavones on lipid homeostasis in early development, weanling rats were fed AIN-93G diets made with casein, soy protein isolate (SPI+), isoflavone-reduced SPI+ (SPI-), or casein supplemented with genistein or daidzein for 14 d. PPARalpha-regulated genes and proteins involved in fatty acid degradation ...

Synopsis The skin's uppermost thin layer, stratum corneum, plays a crucial role in protecting the body against unwanted influences from the environment. Disruption of the stratum corneum, by tape stripping or chemical injury, results in epidermal recovery of the skin barrier. Soy phytosterols are widely used in the cosmetic field ...

Amount of dietary protein is known to influence blood pressure in humans and animal models. However, contradictory reports are available on the influence of source of dietary protein and soy isoflavones on blood pressure. Information on potential effect of anthocyanins, potent flavonoid antioxidants widely distributed in fruits and vegetables, on ...

Diet-induced atherosclerosis is lower in animals fed soy protein. The effects of various soy components have been extensively studied; however, little is known about the effect of crude soybean feeding on hypercholesterolemia-induced cardiovascular changes. This study investigated the effect of soy feeding on cardiovascular parameters in hypercholesterolemic male rats. Total ...

Effects of soy isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, on the hepatic gene expression profile and indices for lipid metabolism were compared in rats. In the first experiment (Expt. 1), animals were fed diets containing 2 g/kg of either genistein or daidzein, or a control diet free of isoflavone for 14 days. ...

Chronic consumption of fish and fish oil high in (n-3) PUFA reduces triacylglycerols (TG) but may increase oxidative stress, whereas consumption of soy isoflavones may reduce oxidative stress. Elevated serum TG and oxidative stress are considered cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, but the effects of acute (n-3) PUFA and soy ...