A feeding trial lasting 49 days was conducted using 16 weaner pigs of mixed breeds (Large White x Landrace) with initial average weights of between 8.13±0.80 kg and 8.25±0.85 kg to determine the effects of different levels of wild sunflower <I>(Tithonia diversifolia </I>Hemsl. A Gray) leaf meal on their growth, ...

An investigation was carried out into the use of cassava peel meal as energy source for growing pigs. Four experimental diets were formulated using graded levels 0, 10, 20 and 30% cassava peel meal as replacement for maize on a weight for weight basis. The diets were neither iso-nitrogenous nor ...

Fifty-six cross bred weaned pigs were allotted to seven different nutritional treatments. The purpose of this experiment was to compare various nontraditional byproduct, cull or waste feeds with conventional or commercial swine rations for rate of growth, efficiency of growth and carcass traits. One treatment was terminated after 38 days ...

Low-protein diets supplemented with amino acids help to reduce nitrogen excretion from pig facilities; the exogenous enzymes improve the feedstuffs utilization. So, two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of a protease added to sorghum-soybean meal standard or low-protein diets on Average Daily Gain (ADG), Average Daily Feed Intake ...

The current study was conducted to determine the interactive effects of a glycogen-reducing diet fed to finishing pigs and length of preslaughter transportion on muscle metabolic traits, proteolysis of intermediate filament and costameric proteins, and meat quality traits. Large White gilts and barrows (n = 48) were selected at 88 ...

Antibiotics improve health and productive performance of pigs. There is increasing evidence that other dietary ingredients may provide similar, but probably not identical, benefits. A properly prepared immune egg product, spray-dried plasma, or a high level of dietary zinc can provide protection against enteric infection in young pigs. Spray-dried plasma ...

BACKGROUND: We previously showed that the level of enteral nutrient intake determines the rate of intestinal growth in piglets. Our objective was to determine whether providing enteral nutrition in the form of elemental nutrients (glucose, amino acids, lipid [ED]) rather than cow's milk formula (lactose, protein, lipid [FORM]) reduces small ...

The effects of low-protein AA-supplemented diets on piglet performance, visceral organ mass, incidence of diarrhea, intestinal microbial population, and fermentation were studied in a 3-wk trial. After a 7-d adaptation period, 96 piglets (approximately 6.2 kg of initial BW) were assigned to 4 corn-wheat, soybean meal-based dietary treatments in a ...

Three experiments were conducted to investigate the short-term use of supplementary Trp on the behavior of grow/finish pigs. Three levels of dietary Trp were used, representing the standard requirement for growth (control), twice (2x), and 4 times (4x) the control amount. In Exp. 1, pigs were fed the diets for ...

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate pet food by-product (PFB) as a component of nursery starter diets and its effects on pig performance. The PFB used in these studies was a pelleted dog food that contained (as-fed basis) 21% CP, 1.25% total lysine, and 8.3% ether extract. In Exp. 1, ...

The objective of this study was to investigate the development of small intestinal size and digestive capacity of the jejunum in growing pigs. The weight, length, surface area, and mucosa weight of the small intestine were measured when pigs were 1, 3, 5, and 9 wk of age. Sucrase and ...

Diets formulated to maximize performance of weanling pigs need to support the development of intestinal tissue, support intestinal colonization with beneficial, mainly lactic acid-producing bacteria, and support development of the intestinal and overall immune system. This objective is not likely to be achieved using one single strategy, but there is ...

Feeding experiments with diets containing Fusarium toxin-contaminated wheat were conducted to clarify the pathogenesis of immunological effects of Fusarium toxins to porcine spleen cells. Contaminated diets were fed to 36 Landrace prepubertal gilts for 35 d. Concentrations (as-fed basis) of the indicator toxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON), respectively, were ...

The gene (Cbg) encoding cortisol-binding globulin (CBG) has been proposed as a candidate gene to explain genetic variation in cortisol secretion and carcass composition in pigs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between CBG and pork quality in 5 European breeding lines, Piétrain, Large White (LW), ...

The objective of this study was to determine the relationships between birth-weight-associated modifications in histological or chemical muscle characteristics and meat quality traits in pigs. At 68 d of age, Pietrain x (Large White x Landrace) female littermates were allocated into 2 groups on the basis of low birth weight ...

Endothelial dysfunction is characterized by impaired vasodilation, increase of oxidative stress and inflammation. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that reversal of hypercholesterolemic diet alone does not normalize all the parameters of endothelial dysfunction. After 10 weeks on a high-cholesterol diet, female juvenile pigs were randomized to ...

Two experiments (Exps 1 and 2) were carried out to study the effect of dietary carbohydrates on the establishment of Trichuris suis in pigs. Two experimental diets based on barley flour were used; Diet 1 was supplemented with non-fermentable carbohydrates from oat hull meal, while Diet 2 was supplemented with ...

To alleviate the need for daily injection of porcine somatotropin (pST), a sustained-release implant (pSTSR) was devised that continuously delivers a daily dose of 2 mg of pST for 42 d. Ninety-six white composite (Large White x Landrace) finishing barrows (83.6 +/- 1.2 kg BW) were assigned to receive zero ...

Diets containing 0, 1 and 10 g ergot (Claviceps purpurea) per kg, corresponding to mean total alkaloid contents of 0.05, 0.60 and 4.66 mg/kg (sums of ergometrine, ergotamine, ergocornine, alpha-ergocryptine, ergocristine, ergosine and their -inine isomers analysed by a HPLC-method), were each fed ad libitum to 12 pigs in the ...

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Zn and Fe supplementation on mineral excretion, body composition, and mineral status of nursery pigs. In Exp. 1 (n = 24; 6.5 kg; 16 to 20 d of age) and 2 (n = 24; 7.2 kg; 19 to 21 d ...

INTRODUCTION: Several authors have found a correlation between reduced chewing activity and malocclusion. In animal experiments, it has been possible to correlate a diet of low chewing resistance to narrower arches, which predispose the subject to crowding and irregular teeth. METHODS: In this study, 17 pigs were weaned at 5 ...

Meat and bone meal (MBM), when supplemented with tryptophan, is an excellent protein source for pigs. It is also a rich source of Ca and P, but some research has suggested that the bioavailability of P is variable. Three experiments were conducted to determine whether particle size, ash content, or ...

The objective of this experiment was to compare the effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and a feed-grade antimicrobial (AM) on growth performance of nursery pigs reared on three different farms (A and B were large-scale commercial farms, and C was located at Michigan State University). On all farms, production ...

Four experiments were conducted to determine the ideal ratio of true ileal digestible (TID) sulfur AA to Lys (SAA:LYS) in nursery pigs at two different BW ranges using both DL-Met and 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (HMTBA) as Met sources. In Exp. 1, 1,549 nursery pigs (Triumph 4 x PIC Camborough 22; initial ...

Two experiments were conducted to verify the feeding value of NutriDense (ND) and Nutri-Dense Low-Phytate (NDLP) corn (Exseed Genetics LLC, BASF Plant Science, Research Triangle Park, NC) relative to that of yellow dent (YD) corn in swine diets. NutriDense corn is a high-protein, high-oil variety, and NDLP is a high-protein, ...

Although AA requirements for the mean in a population of growing pigs are well established, there are no direct estimates of their variability within the population. The indicator AA oxidation method allows repeated measurements in a short period of time so that the AA requirement can be determined for individual ...

Six experiments were conducted to validate an Ile-deficient diet and determine the Ile requirement of 80- to 120-kg barrows. Experiment 1 had five replications, and Exp. 2 through 6 had four replications per treatment; all pen replicates had four crossbred barrows each (initial BW were 93, 83, 85, 81, 81, ...

Odor and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from stored pig (Sus scrofa) manure were monitored for response to changes in the crude protein level (168 or 139 g kg(-1), as-fed basis) and nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) content [i.e., control, or modified with beet pulp (Beta vulgaris L.), cornstarch, or xylanase] of diets ...

Fumonisins are mycotoxins found primarily in corn and corn products that are produced by Fusarium verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and several other Fusarium species. The toxicity of fumonisin B1 (FB) from culture material with and without activated carbon was evaluated using weanling piglets. Fifty-six weanling pigs were assigned to one of ...

Corn-soybean meal-based diets, consisting of a high-P control (HPC) containing supplemental dicalcium phosphate (DCP), a basal diet containing no DCP, and the basal diet plus Escherichia coli phytase at 500 or 1,000 phytase units per kilogram (FTU/kg; as-fed basis) were fed to evaluate growth performance in starter, grower, and finisher ...

Social stress occurs in intensive pig farming due to aggressive behavior. This stress may be reduced at elevated dietary levels of tryptophan (TRP). In this study, we compared the effects of high (13.2%) vs. normal (3.4%) dietary TRP to large neutral amino acid (LNAA) ratios on behavior and stress hormones ...

The aim of this work was to evaluate the incidence of potential ochratoxigenic mycoflora and ochratoxin A (OA) in poultry, pig and rabbit feeds. Eighty poultry, pig and rabbit feed samples were taken at random from factories located from Córdoba province, Argentina, over a period of 8 months. Isolation and ...

Two studies were conducted at two locations to evaluate growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs fed diets containing either YieldGard Rootworm corn (MON 863), a non-transgenic genetically similar corn (RX670), or two conventional nontransgenic corn hybrids (DK647 and RX740). A randomized complete block design with a 2 x ...

Crossbred pigs, heterozygous for the halothane gene, were used to determine the effects of long-term dietary supplementation of magnesium mica (MM) and short-duration transportation stress on performance, stress response, postmortem metabolism, and pork quality. Pigs were blocked by weight, penned in groups (six pigs per pen), and pens (three pens ...

The present investigation was undertaken to study the gastrointestinal and physiologic properties of diets based on soft and crisp wheat and rye breads similar in dietary fiber (DF; 230-235 g/kg dry matter) but with different proportions of the main DF polymers: in wheat, cellulose, and in rye, arabinoxylans (AX). The ...

A 2 x 2 factorial experiment with pigs was undertaken to investigate the effect of particle size (fine and coarse) and feed processing (pelleted and nonpelleted) on morphological characteristics in the small intestine, cecum, and colon of pigs and on the adhesion of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT12 to the ...

A study was performed in five identical outdoor production units in the same geographic area using growing-finishing pigs of similar genetic makeup, age, diet and feed management. The severity of tail-biting (TS) was scored 1-4. The average group prevalence of bitten tails at slaughter on different farms was between 14.1+/-2.1% ...

Effects of feeding pattern on plasma ghrelin concentrations in pigs C.E. Brown, R. J. Harrell and C. S. Whisnant North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC The independent role of ghrelin regulation continues to be controversial. Ghrelin, a 28 amino acid peptide identified as the endogenous ligand for growth hormone (GH) ...

The effect of feeding a coarsely ground meal (COARSE) and a finely ground pelleted diet with 1.8% (as-fed basis) added formic acid (ACID) was compared with feeding a standard finely ground pelleted diet (STD) on the gastrointestinal ecology of growing pigs at different intervals after feeding. One hundred five castrated ...

Acute changes in diet composition and/or origin alter gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility. One of the hypotheses explaining these alterations involves changes in the sensitivity of duodenal vagal sensory neurons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of multimodal duodenal vagal sensory neurons in 20 pigs feed ...

Crossbred barrows (n = 144; 80 kg) from four farrowing groups were phenotypically selected into fat (FAT) and lean (LEAN) pens using ultrasound. The difference in 10th-rib fat depth between the LEAN and FAT groups was > or =0.5 cm. Within a farrowing group, pigs were assigned to pens (five ...

Resistant starch (RS) intake leads to a reduction of apoptosis in the pig colon and thus to a reduction of skatole in the carcass. To determine the minimal amount of RS which is required for the effect, diets with varying amounts (20, 30 and 40%) of RS were fed to ...

Five experiments were conducted to determine the true ileal digestible Trp (tidTrp) requirement of growing and finishing pigs fed diets (as-fed basis) containing 0.87% (Exp. 3), 0.70% (Exp. 4), 0.61% (Exp. 5), and 0.52% (Exp. 1 and 2) tidLys during the early-grower, late-grower, early-finisher, and late-finisher periods, respectively. Treatments were ...

Electronic swine feeders are used to automatically measure individual feed intake on group-housed pigs, but the resulting data contain errors caused by feeder malfunctions and animal-feeder interactions. The objectives of this study were to 1) develop criteria to identify errors in data from an electronic feeder that is predominant in ...

Genetically modified (GM) rice (LibertyLink, event LLRICE62) that is tolerant to glufosinate ammonium (Liberty) herbicide was compared with a near-isogenic (NI) conventional medium-grain brown rice (cultivar, Bengal) and a commercially milled long-grain brown rice in diets for growing-finishing pigs. The GM and NI rice were grown in 2000. The GM ...

Previous research indicates that the neonatal pig does not alter feed intake in response to changes in the energy density of manufactured liquid diets. Also, the limited response of IGF-I to exogenous porcine ST (pST) previously observed in young pigs may be influenced by the source of dietary energy. Our ...

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding aerobically processed and vacuum-dried food waste-broiler litter and bakery by-product mixture to finishing pigs on performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and taste panel test. A corn-soy diet (Control) was replaced with food waste mixture (FWM) at dietary levels of 25% ...

Sugar beet vinasse, originating as the condensed molasses residue from yeast production, was fed to bulls and pigs to determine the feed value. It contained, per kg dry matter (DM content 66.8%), 293 g crude protein, 305 g N-free extract (therefrom 34.4 g total sugar), and 395 g crude ash. ...

BACKGROUND: Two experiments were conducted in which germfree pigs or pigs monoassociated with Lactobacillus paracasei subspecies paracasei were fed either a traditional milk-based diet (Esbilac) or an experimental diet free of animal protein (DFAP). METHODS: Throughout the 16-day study, animals' clinical condition, total weight gain, feed conversion, and bacterial contamination ...

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feed withholding on carcass and viscera weights and meat quality in grow-finish swine. Experiment 1 included 528 pigs that were marketed from 24 pens and subjected to either 6 (control) or 24 h of feed withholding before marketing. Experiment 2 included ...