The fatty-acid-binding protein-2 (FABP2) gene has been proposed as a candidate gene for diabetes because the encoded protein is involved in fatty acid absorption and therefore may affect insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. The rare haplotype (B) of its promoter was shown to be associated with a lower risk for ...

This study was conducted to investigate relationships between mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activities, feed efficiency, and carcass traits in sheep. A group of Ghezel male lambs sired by a single ram were randomly allotted to individual pens. The lambs were fed ad libitum with a fattening diet containing 30% roughage ...

ABSTRACT Reducing the lipid content in fish prior to feeding a fish oil finishing diet (FOFD) has potential to improve n-3 long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) restoration. This study had two main objectives: 1. Determine whether feeding Atlantic salmon smolt a 75% palm fatty acid distillate diet (75PFAD) improves ...

Accumulation of organochlorine compounds is well studied in aquatic food chains whereas little information is available from terrestrial food chains. This study presents data of organochlorine levels in tissue and plasma samples of 15 critically endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) and other 55 wild carnivores belonging to five species from ...

Abstract Context and objective. Lipoproteins are involved in the pathophysiology of several metabolic diseases. Here we focus on the interplay between lipoprotein metabolism and adiponectin with the extension of alcohol intake. Design and subjects. Eighty-three low-to-moderate and 80 heavy alcohol drinkers were studied. Plasma adiponectin, other biochemical and extensive lipoprotein ...

Abstract The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of replacing high levels of marine ingredients with vegetable raw materials and with emphasis on lipid metabolism and net-production of long chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DHA). Atlantic salmon were fed three different replacement vegetable diets ...

In the present study, rats were exposed from the 8th week after birth and for the ensuing 8 weeks to diets containing either starch or fructose (64% w/w) and sunflower oil (5%). Two further groups of rats were exposed to the fructose-containing diet with substitution of part (1.6%) of the ...

We examined the long-term effect of feeding coconut oil (CO; rich in lauric acid, C12) on voluntary food intake and nutrient utilisation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), with particular attention to the metabolic use (storage or oxidation) of ingested medium-chain TAG. Trout were fed for 15 weeks one of the ...

The time course for changes in food intake, body weight, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and HOMA index was monitored over a period of 8 weeks in rats exposed from the 8th week after birth to diets containing either starch or fructose and sunflower oil. In two further groups of ...

Subsurface measures have been adapted to identify manure accumulation on feedlot surfaces. Understanding where manure accumulates can be useful to develop management practices that mitigate air emissions from manure, such as odor or greenhouse gases. Objectives were to determine if electromagnetic induction could be used to predict differences in volatile ...

OBJECTIVE: Excessive accumulation of visceral fat is strongly associated with insulin resistance. The present investigation examined the effects of dietary intake of medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols (MLCTs), which have been shown to induce significantly lower visceral fat accumulation in rats and humans, on high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in rats. ...

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the influence of segmental mass and body composition on the upper extremity biomechanics of overweight youth participating in baseball activities. The study used a regression framework to investigate the relationship between whole body, throwing arm segmental mass and body composition measures ...

ABSTRACT: Short-term consumption of a high-fat diet impairs exercise capacity in both rats and humans, and increases expression of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein, UCP3, in rodent cardiac and skeletal muscle via activation of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). Unlike long-chain fatty acids however, medium-chain fatty acids do ...

Pathological conditions such as diabetes, insulin resistance, and obesity are characterized by elevations in plasma and myocardial lipids, and are reported to exacerbate the progression of heart failure (HF). Alterations in cardiomyocyte calcium (Ca(2+)) regulatory properties and myofilament proteins are also implicated in contractile dysfunction in HF. However, our prior ...

BACKGROUND: Because of the enhanced recognition of inherited long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders by worldwide newborn screening programs, an increasing number of asymptomatic patients receive medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) supplements to prevent the development of cardiomyopathy and myopathy. OBJECTIVE: MCT supplementation has been recognized as a safe dietary intervention, but long-term ...

Galactolipase, phospholipase and triacylglycerol lipase activities were measured from the midgut of six species of lepidopteran larvae, two folivores, Epiphyas postvittana (Tortricidae) and Helicoverpa armigera (Noctuidae); two granivores, Plodia interpunctella (Pyralidae) and Ephestia kuehniella (Pyrallidae); a presumptive carnivore, Galleria mellonella (Pyralidae); and a keratinophage, Tineola bisselliella (Tineidae). Galactolipase has not ...

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine whether relationships between alcohol intake and atherosclerotic risk factors were different in normotensive and prehypertensive persons.MethodsJapanese men aged 35-60 years who showed normal blood pressure (n = 4,778) or prehypertension (n = 9,728) without any drug therapy for hypertension were divided into ...

In newborn mice, PLRP2 is essential for fat digestion. In human infants, the role of PLRP2 in fat digestion is unclear, as it has poor activity against long-chain triglycerides in vitro. Also, many infants carry a genetic polymorphism resulting in a truncated protein, PLRP2 W340X, which may impact function significantly. ...

Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are found at higher levels in milk lipids of many animal species and in the oil fraction of several plants, including coconuts, palm kernels and certain Cuphea species. Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) and fatty acids are efficiently absorbed and metabolized and are therefore used for piglet nutrition. ...

This paper reports physiological and genetic data about the type strain Gordonia cholesterolivorans, a strain that is able to degrade steroid compounds containing a long carbon side chain such as cholesterol (C27), cholestenone (C27), ergosterol (C28) and stigmasterol (C29). The length of the carbon side chain appears to be of ...

The perception that soy food products and dietary supplements will have beneficial effects on cardiovascular health has led to a massive consumer market. However, we have previously noted that diet profoundly affects disease progression in a genetic model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). In this model, a soy-based diet negatively impacts ...

Cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning (IP) was abolished in connexin 43 (Cx43)-deficient mice due to loss of Cx43 located in mitochondria rather than at the sarcolemma. IP is lost in hyperlipidemic rat hearts as well. Since changes in mitochondrial Cx43 in hyperlipidemia have not yet been analyzed, we determined total and ...

Evaluation of: Birse RT, Choi J, Reardon K et al. High-fat-diet-induced obesity and heart dysfunction are regulated by the TOR pathway in Drosophila. Cell. Metab. 12, 533-544 (2010). Excessive intake of nutrients is widely believed to be one of the main contributing factors to the global epidemic of obesity. Despite ...

Elevated levels of cardiac mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) and decreased cardiac efficiency (hydraulic power/oxygen consumption) with abnormal cardiac function occur in obese, diabetic mice. To determine whether cardiac mitochondrial uncoupling occurs in non-genetic obesity, we fed rats a high fat diet (55% kcal from fat) or standard laboratory chow ...

We studied the effects of Scutellaria baicalensis root on blood parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet. Thirty-two New Zealand White rabbits were divided into four groups of eight animals each. They were fed a standard diet (C group), a diet with a 1% pure cholesterol ...

To investigate the effects of estrogen treatment on aortic endothelial senescence and atherosclerosis, an ovariectomized female rabbit model was constructed, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were utilized to explore the potential mechanisms. Twenty-eight female rabbits were randomized into 4 groups (7 each): sham operation, ovariectomized, ovariectomized plus low-dose estradiol ...

We hypothesized that a high-carbohydrate diet affects the cardiac performance by interfering in the metabolic steps involved in energy transfer in this organ. To verify this, we investigated the myocardial utilization of different substrates and contractile function in rats fed a high-carbohydrate diet, under normal flow and ischemia. and Male ...

Obesity is a tremendous public health problem, characterized by ectopic accumulation of fat into non-adipose tissues, leading to oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, in which the heart is the most severely affected organ. We used an experimental model of high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity to analyze the link between oxidative stress and ...

A dose-response experiment was conducted to find the sensitive and consistent biomarker for the estimation of dietary manganese (Mn) requirement and establish the optimal Mn level for broilers fed a practical corn-soybean meal diet from 1 to 21 days of age post-hatching. A total of 480 1-day-old Arbor Acres male chicks ...

It has been proposed that muscle insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes is due to a selective decrease in the components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and results from accumulation of toxic products of incomplete fat oxidation. The purpose of the present study was to test this hypothesis. Rats ...

Scope: Post-infarct left ventricular dysfunction and cardiac remodeling are the primary causes of chronic heart failure in industrialized countries. In the present study, we examined the influence of dietary selenium intake on cardiac remodeling after reperfused myocardial infarction and explored one of the possible mechanisms.Methods and results: Rats were fed ...

Scope: Post-infarct left ventricular dysfunction and cardiac remodeling are the primary causes of chronic heart failure in industrialized countries. In the present study, we examined the influence of dietary selenium intake on cardiac remodeling after reperfused myocardial infarction and explored one of the possible mechanisms. Methods and results: Rats were ...

A theoretical triglyceride model was developed for in vivo human liver fat (1) H MRS characterization, using the number of double bonds (CHCH), number of methylene-interrupted double bonds (CHCHCH(2) CHCH) and average fatty acid chain length. Five 3 T, single-voxel, stimulated echo acquisition mode spectra (STEAM) were acquired consecutively at ...

Hypercholesterolemia contributes to cardiovascular diseases, but its direct effect on lung is little known. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) have been shown to exert numerous effects that are dependent and independent of their cholesterol-lowering property. The authors hypothesized that atorvastatin would attenuate hypercholesterolemia-induced lesion in lung. Fifteen rabbits were ...

  Obesity, a major risk factor for ischemic heart disease, is associated with increased oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant status. Melatonin, a potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant, has powerful cardioprotective effects in lean animals but its efficacy in obesity is unknown. We investigated the effects of chronic melatonin administration ...

The present study examined the efficacy of using longevinex, a commercially available resveratrol formulation, to lower blood cholesterol in hypercholesteromic rabbits. New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups (n = 6 per group), one group was given high cholesterol diet for 3 months while the other group ...

This study investigates the mechanism of cyclosporine A (CsA)-mediated nephrotoxicity by examining the hypothesis that CsA toxicity is mediated through its effect on the kidney drug metabolizing enzymes in a hyperlipemic rabbit model. Twenty-four female New Zealand white rabbits divided into four groups. Group 1 received regular diet. Group 2 ...

The development of hypercholesterolemia is a multifactorial process in which elevated plasma cholesterol levels play a central role. This study analyzed the variability of the expression and activity of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and endothelial permeability in the artery wall of rabbits after feeding the animals with a normal ...

Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease of the arterial wall where both innate and adaptive immuno-inflammatory mechanisms are involved. Inflammatory cytokines are implicated in the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Immunomodulatory therapies have been proposed for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the ...

Coronary artery diseases including myocardial ischemia (MI) remain one of the leading causes of death worldwide. This study was designed to compare the protective effect of L-arginine versus aspirin from the biochemical changes associated with MI injury. Experimental design: Four groups of male New Zealand white rabbits were investigated. Normal ...

The goal of this study was to investigate the use of Jatropha curcas seed meal (JCSM) in different levels as acaricide in diet of rabbits experimentally infested by Hyalomma marginatum marginatum then determining animal performance, anti-tick feeding and its effects on haemogram of rabbits. Thirty healthy mixed-breed rabbits were randomly ...

We have reported recently that enrichment of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) with phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes is effective in solubilizing cholesterol from isolated human atherosclerotic plaques. In the present study, we investigated the in vivo effect of enrichment of HDL with PC on regression of diet-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits. As part of ...

Because of the increasing cost of animal feed ingredients as well as the high demand, especially for the protein supplements, several efforts were carried out to use untraditional feed protein ingredients to participate in facing feed shortage problem and at the same time to decrease feeding costs. Nigella sativa (black ...

To investigate the effect of the haeme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide (HO-1/CO) system on atherosclerotic plaque formation and its possible mechanism. For 12 weeks, rabbits were given a 1.5% cholesterol diet (Ch group, n = 8) or a 1.5% cholesterol diet plus an HO-1 inducer, haemin (Hm group, n = 8), or ...

Excess intake of a high-fat diet (HFD) is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome, which are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, it is unclear whether consumption of an HFD at a normal calorific range would be detrimental to metabolism or affect the development of atherosclerosis. Here, we tested ...

Previous work has shown high dietary cholesterol can affect learning and memory including rabbit eyeblink conditioning and this effect may be due to increased membrane cholesterol and enhanced hippocampal amyloid beta production. This study investigated whether dietary cholesterol modulates rabbit hippocampal CA1 neuron membrane properties known to be involved in ...

OBJECTIVE: Atherosclerotic plaques and neovascularization play an important role in the course of coronary atherosclerosis. This study evaluated the effect of recombinant endostatin on experimental atherosclerotic plaques and neovascularization in rabbits. METHODS: Eighteen healthy male rabbits were divided into three groups: control group, atherosclerotic model group, and recombinant endostatin treated ...

To test the hypothesis that narrowing of cranial blood vessels in cholesterol-fed rabbits is a function of the duration of the high cholesterol diet. Such neurovascular changes, caused by elevated serum cholesterol, are linked to stroke and Alzheimer's disease risk. Four groups of New Zealand White rabbits were studied. Six ...

To evaluate early retinal, choroidal, and scleral abnormalities induced by a hypercholesterolemic diet and the prevention of these abnormalities after oral administration of rosiglitazone in rabbits. Fifty-four New Zealand rabbits were divided into four study groups: control group, normal diet; group 1, hypercholesterolemic diet; group 2, hypercholesterolemic diet associated with ...

Ocimum sanctum has been reported to have a variety of medicinal properties. The present study was planned to evaluate the effect of O. sanctum on plasma homocysteine levels and lipid profile in healthy rabbits. Forty rabbits were divided into two groups (20 each). Group I rabbits received normal diet and ...