Experiments were conducted to determine if hepatic threonine dehydrogenase (TDH) activity is influenced by dietary protein or specific amino acid concentrations. In an initial experiment, young chicks were deprived of feed for 60 h or had access for 72 h to a 22% protein basal diet, a protein-free diet or ...

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) and moniliformin (M) were supplied by Fusarium moniliforme M-1325 and Fusarium fujikuroi M-1214 culture material, respectively. Turkeys were fed a control ration, or rations containing 200 mg FB1/kg, 100 mg M/kg, or a combination of both 200 mg FB1/kg and 100 mg M/kg feed from 1 to ...

Responses to SRBC and Escherichia coli inoculations were measured during the early posthatch period in broiler cockerels fed diets differing in nutrient density. Diet A consisted of 20% protein and 2,685 kcal ME/kg and Diet B consisted of 24% protein and 3,146 kcal ME/kg. There was no effect of diet ...

The effect of supplementing a cornsoybean diet (C) with glucose (G) or maltose (M) on young broilers (from hatch to 3 wk of age) affected by stunting syndrome (SS) was studied. Stunting syndrome was induced by orally administering an inoculum prepared from the intestines of SS broiler chicks. Relative to ...

Studies were conducted to evaluate the ability of supplemental microbial phytase to improve performance of young chicks fed phytate-containing, amino acid-deficient diets. Diets based on corn and peanut meal or soybean meal (SBM) and dextrose were fed to young chicks housed in battery cages for 10- and 13-d experimental periods. ...

A 6-wk study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding diets containing an antibiotic, a probiotic, or yucca extract on daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and urease activity and ammonia production in intestinal contents of broiler chicks. Four replicates of 10 broiler chicks (average body weight, 48 g) each ...

The individual and combined effects of feeding diets containing 100 mg moniliformin (M) and 3.5 mg aflatoxins (AF)/kg of diet were evaluated in male broiler chicks from day of hatch to 3 wk of age. When compared with controls, BW gains were reduced 29% by M, 13% by AF, and ...

A series of experiments was conducted to test the hypothesis that vitamin D utilization may not be as efficient in chicks with tibial dyschondroplasia (TD). The basal diet contained 1.0% Ca and 0.45% available P with no supplemental cholecalciferol (D3). Chicks from low TD (LTD) and high TD (HTD) selected ...

A sudden death syndrome was induced in chicks and poults fed diets containing Fusarium fujikuroi, formulated to contain 0-330 mg/kg moniliformin (M) with or without the maximum recommended therapeutic concentration of monensin. Lesions of monensin toxicosis were not observed. Clinical signs were referable to cardiac dysfunction (sudden death, dyspnea, cyanosis, ...

1. Studies were undertaken to determine a safe inclusion rate for crambe (Crambe abyssinica) meal in broiler chick diets, and to determine the mechanism for adverse effects by investigating its constituents; 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene (CHB) and 3-butenyl glucosinolate (epi-progoitrin, E-PG). 2. Crambe meals were prepared to differ in E-PG (19, 36 and ...

This study was conducted to assess the effect of the coccidiostat halofuginone (Stenorol) on growth, feed consumption, and survival of Chukar partridge. Halofuginone was fed to three replicates (14 chicks per replicate) of chukar chicks from 2 to 7 d of age at levels of 0, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 and ...

An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of feeding high-methylated (HM) and low-methylated (LM) pectin on performance and physiological characteristics in broiler chicks. Two levels each (1.5 and 3%) of HM citrus pectin (HMC), LM citrus pectin (LMC), or HM sugar beet pectin (HMS) were added to a semi-purified ...

1. Immunoresponsiveness and disease resistance were measured in broiler males maintained on ad libitum feeding throughout or on alternate-day feeding. Alternate-day restrictions were started 1 and 2 d after hatch so that on any one day there were chicks fed and fasted. 2. Severity of response to E. coli challenge ...

1. An experiment was conducted to evaluate growth and nutrient efficiency of broiler chicks from 3 to 42 d fed on diets containing alkali-treated neem (Azadirachta indica A. juss) kernel cake (NKC) as a protein supplement in place of peanut meal (PNM). 2. NKC was treated with sodium hydroxide at ...

The study was designed to assess neonatal immunity of chicks hatched from breeders fed diets supplemented with beta-carotene, canthaxanthin, lutein, or vitamin E. Broiler breeder birds were fed experimental diets consisting of control, 0.04% beta-carotene, 0.04% canthaxanthin, 0.04% lutein, 0.03% alpha-tocopherol acetate, or 0.04% beta-carotene plus 0.03% alpha-tocopherol acetate. Three ...

The inclusion of isolated soy protein in milk replacer diets for calves and neonatal pigs inhibits development of intestinal mucosal cells. Simultaneous administration of putrescine partially overcomes this effect. We therefore conducted experiments to determine the potential for dietary putrescine to overcome the toxicity of raw soybeans in chicks. In ...

Cornell K-strain White Leghorns and broiler chicks were raised to 7 wks and 3 wks of age respectively, with diets containing various levels (0, 10, 100, 1,000 and 10,000 ppm) of Spirulina platensis from day of hatch. Chicks in all treatment groups had comparable body weights. While bursal and splenic ...

Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of dietary Cu level on Cu metabolism during the acute phase response in broiler chicks with adequate (Experiment 1) or deficient (Experiment 2) Cu. Diets based on cornstarch and isolated soybean protein were used to formulate a basal diet, and basal diet ...

The present study examines the effects of intermingling day-old broiler chicks with 2-wk-old light strain chicks, on body weight, general activity, feeding behavior, feather condition, and heart size of the broilers. Fifteen groups of chicks (five for each treatment) were raised until 6 wk of age in 1 x 2 ...

Acid precipitation can have a harmful effect on aquatic birds, due in part to increases in aluminum availability. Young rapidly growing (broiler strain) chickens were used as a model to examine the effects of aluminum and acid on growth and circulating concentrations of adrenocorticol hormones. Two concentrations of acid (sulfuric ...

In two experiments, the effects of dietary fat and breeder hen age on relative yolk sac weight (RYSW) and total serum cholesterol (CHOL), high (HDLC) and low (LDLC) density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides (TRI), and glucose (GLU) were monitored in broiler embryos and chicks. In Experiment 1, embryos at 18 d ...

Seven experiments with 324 chicks tested their ability to select a nutritionally adequate diet from separate sources of purified casein and various supplements, including gelatin (a source of two amino acids), a gelatin-creatine mixture (a source of three amino acids), and fiber (nonnutritive bulk). Nonselecting controls consumed the basal purified-casein ...

A study was carried out with White Rock female chicks to evaluate the possibility of using dietary Zn supplied as ZnO, to control feed intake and weight gain during the period of 1 to 3 wk of age. The levels of supplemental Zn tested were 0, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0% ...

The effects of high dietary fat and indomethacin (IND) on tumorigenesis, tumor growth, tumor histology, cell kinetics and receptor contents of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinomas were investigated in Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats. Tumorigenesis was stimulated by high dietary fat and inhibited by IND. However, both high dietary fat and IND stimulated ...

1. The effects of partially hydrolysed guar gum (PHGG) or intact guar gum (GG) on feeding behaviour and crop emptying rate in growing chicks were investigated. 2. Several combinations of dietary PHGG and GG at 50 g per kg diets were prepared for a feed intake experiment. Birds (1 7-d-old) ...

We investigated in the chick whether the diet-induced changes of the hepatic content of cholesteryl esters (CE) influence the synthesis and the secretion of apoB- and apoA-I-containing lipoproteins. Control chicks received a low cholesterol diet for 2 (SD-1), 4 (SD-2), or 7 (SD-3) weeks; the chicks in the experimental groups ...

Two experiments with Leghorn chicks and data from five publications were analyzed to determine whether a simple general equation could be used to predict the relationship between the amount of a crude enzyme added to a diet and chick performance. The maximum improvements in weight gain and feed: gain ratio ...

Two experiments were conducted to compare the effects of supplementation with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3] and a commercial phytase on P utilization by broiler males. Experiment 1 was conducted with three levels of total dietary P (0.45,0.55, and 0.65%) in corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with 5 micrograms/kg of 1,25-(OH)2D3, 600 units/kg of ...

Day-old male, meat-type chicks raised in brooder batteries were infected by orally administering an inoculum prepared from intestines of broiler chicks infected with stunting syndrome (SS). Naive controls were kept in a parallel room. The chicks were fed a commercial starter diet supplemented with two levels of enzyme preparations to ...

The effect on 7-d-old Bovans chicks of 10 or 2% Linum usitatissimum seed in their basal diet for 6 w was determined. The feeding of either Linum-seed diet caused a significant increase in growth rate in spite of the development of centrilobular hepatocyte fatty vacuolation and an inflammatory cell response ...

Growth, immunocompetence, and disease resistance were measured in a commercial broiler stock (BC), a commercial white-egg-layer stock (LC), and a White Plymouth Rock line selected for high juvenile BW (HW) under dietary regimes differing in protein and energy content. Diet E had 20% more protein and 17% more ME than ...

An experiment was conducted to determine whether ascorbic acid (AA) increases resistance of female Hubbard x Hubbard broiler chicks to multiple concurrent stressors. Stressors imposed from 10 to 17 d posthatch included 2 x 2 x 2 factorial combinations of beak trimming [(B), sham-operated or beak-trimmed and cauterized], coccidiosis [(C), ...

Two hundred twenty-eight male broiler chicks (Columbia x New Hampshire) were given feed amended with autoclaved culture material of Fusarium proliferatum containing fumonisin B1 (FB1) at 61, 193, and 546 ppm, fumonisin B2 (FB2) at 14, 38, and 98 ppm, and moniliformin at 66, 193, and 367 ppm in 3 ...

The effects of dietary vitamin E (VIT E) and lipids on tissue peroxidation and fatty acid composition, epiphyseal growth plate cartilage development, and trabecular bone formation were evaluated in chicks. A 2 x 2 factorial design was followed using two levels (30 and 90 IU/kg of diet) of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate ...

To investigate the effect of dried Bacillus subtilis culture on growth, body composition and hepatic lipogenic enzyme activity, female broiler chicks were fed on either no additive (control) or dried B. subtilis-culture-supplemented commercial diets (215 g crude protein/kg, 12.85 MJ metabolizable energy/kg) at 10 or 20 g/kg diet for 28 ...

Fusarium moniliforme culture material containing fumonisin B1 (FB1) was fed to white Pekin ducklings from 1 to 21 days of age. Four dietary treatments were prepared with 0, 100, 200, and 400 mg FB1/kg ration. Ducklings fed rations containing FB1 had a dose-dependent decrease in feed intake and weight gain. ...

1. An experiment was carried out with 6-d old male broiler chicks in an attempt to understand better the effect of age on dietary AMEn of high protein-low energy (HPLE) and low protein-high energy (LPHE) diets which are used in the determination of the AMEn content of grains when substituted ...

The effects of cholestyramine, a bile acid binding polymer, on the lipid and energy metabolism of chicks given dietary medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT) or long-chain triacylglycerol (LCT) were investigated. Chicks (from 8 to 17 days of age) were fed diets containing MCT or LCT at 200 g oil/kg diet with or ...

Two studies using broiler chicks and one using adult White Leghorn roosters were conducted to determine the influence of stachyose and raffinose (alpha-galactosides of sucrose) present in soybean meal (SBM) on the nutritional value of the meal. In Experiment 1, the addition of four levels (0, .05, .10, or .20 ...

Previous studies have shown that the feeding of putrescine, a biogenic amine and the precursor of the mammalian polyamines, can promote whole-body growth of chicks. The current study was undertaken to determine the effect of spermine, also a biogenic amine and the most cationic of the polyamines, under similar conditions. ...

Broiler chicks 1 d and 3 w of age were given 0, 400, 800, or 1000 mg furazolidone (Fz)/kg feed for 4 w. Bi-ventricular heart dilatation (as measured by increases in ventricular diameter and thinning of the ventricular walls) was present in 1-d-old chicks fed 800 mg Fz, whereas in ...

The effect of dietary protein concentration on stress responses against injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was studied in male broiler chickens. Chickens (7 d of age) were fed on a 100 (low-protein; LP) or 300 g protein/kg (high-protein; HP) diet for 2 weeks. LPS was injected intraperitoneally every 2 ...

Diets containing 200 mg fumonisin B1/kg of feed and .75 mg aflatoxin/kg of feed singly or in combination were fed to female turkey poults (Nicholas Large White) from day of hatch to 21 d of age. When compared with controls, 21-d body weight gains were reduced 10% by fumonisin B1, ...

Citrullus colocynthis seed was fed at 2% and 10% of the basal diet to 7-d-old Bovans-type chicks for 6 w. Average body weights and efficiency of feed utilization were markedly depressed in the chicks on 10% Citrullus feed, and the serum activities of LDH, AST and CK and concentrations of ...

The effect of two concentrations of dietary acid (sulfuric acid) or aluminum (aluminum sulfate) on growth and growth-related hormones was examined in a heavy (broiler) strain of chicken between 4 and 18 days old. Growth (body weight, average daily gain, and tibial length) in chicks receiving either dietary acid or ...

Forty Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) hens and 8 SCWL cocks were randomly divided into four treatment groups. Each group was fed a diet containing .02% beta-carotene, canthaxanthin, lutein, or basal control. After 20 d of feeding, eggs were collected daily from each experimental group for incubation. Two different hatches ...

Cholecalciferol (vitamin D) deficiency rickets remains an occasional problem in poultry. Diagnosis currently relies on analysis of feed and histopathological examination of bone. These experiments were designed to provide data that might allow diagnosis of cholecalciferol deficiency on the basis of plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, a circulating metabolite of cholecalciferol. ...

To study the aflatoxin-adsorbent capacity of two Mexican aluminosilicates (ALS) identified as Atapulgita (AT) and Füller earth (FE), these ALS were compared with a commercial aluminosilicate, Novasil (NV), at two concentrations (0.05 and 1.0%) added to chick diets with 55% of experimentally contaminated corn (200 micrograms/kg). Eight treatments were studied ...

1. Four populations--two that had undergone 37 generations of selection for high (HH) and low (LL) body weight, and reciprocal crosses between them (HL and LH) were fed two diets differing in protein and energy. Diet A, under which selection had been made, contained 200 g protein and 11.23 MJ/kg. ...

The objectives of this study were to determine whether intestinal viscosity caused by mixed linked barley beta-glucan depresses ileal nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme activities and to determine the interaction of intestinal viscosity, digestive enzyme activities and ileal nutrient digestibility in different ages of poultry. In Experiments 1 and 2, ...