The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether it was possible to prevent the metabolic and behavioral vulnerability related to weight regain generally observed in a reduced-obese state with a supervised diet-exercise clinical intervention. In this regard, the anthropometric and physiological effects of a body weight loss program ...

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the effect of weight loss on blood pressure (BP) and pulse rate during rest, psychological stress, and recovery after stress. METHODS: Two groups of men completed two mental stress tests 12 wk apart. The control group continued their usual diet, whereas the weight-loss group underwent a dietary ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to report a series of patients with an onset of anorexia nervosa precipitated by unintended weight loss rather than the more typical onset following intentional dieting, or the occasional iatrogenic beginning. METHOD: Retrospectively, case notes of 66 consecutive outpatient evaluations at an eating ...

Consuming foods low in energy density (kcal/g) decreases energy intake over several days, but the effectiveness of this strategy for weight loss has not been tested. The effects on weight loss of 2 strategies for reducing the energy density of the diet were compared over 1 y. Obese women (n ...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether gamma-linolenate (GLA) supplementation would suppress weight regain following major weight loss. Fifty formerly obese humans were randomized into a double-blind study and given either 890 mg/d of GLA (5 g/d borage oil) or 5 g/d olive oil (controls) for 1 y. ...

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to assess the efficacy and safety of sibutramine with a low-calorie diet (LCD) and commercial meal-replacement product in achieving weight loss and weight-loss maintenance in obese patients. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Eight U.S. centers recruited 148 obese patients for a 3-month comprehensive weight-loss therapy (Phase I) ...

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to determine 1) whether the extent of weight loss is predictive of the degree of changes in hormone and lipid levels; 2) the interactions between energy regulating hormones after weight loss through an energy deficit/exercise protocol diet and exercise; 3) whether initial metabolic ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a high-protein diet on anthropometry, body composition, subjective appetite, and mood sensations in overweight and obese children attending a residential weight-loss camp. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Children (120; BMI, 33.1 +/- 5.5 kg/m(2); age, 14.2 +/- 1.9 years) were randomly assigned to either a ...

The moderating influence of binge eating status on obese individuals' responses to weight loss treatment was evaluated with a meta-analysis of 36 tests of weight loss treatment (n=792) that were matched to control key background variables. After controlling for pre-treatment weight, treatment produced more weight loss in samples of obese ...

OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to evaluate QT interval (QTc) and QT-interval dispersion (QTd) in severely obese individuals and to determine the effects of biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) and weight loss after BPD on ventricular repolarization parameters. Background: People with severe obesity (SO) have a 50% to 100% increased risk of death ...

The results of clinical trials involving diet in the treatment of obesity have been inconsistent, possibly due to inherent physiological differences among study participants. To determine whether insulin secretion affects weight loss with 2 popular diets. Randomized trial of obese young adults (aged 18-35 years; n = 73) conducted from ...

We examined the effect of an outpatient office-based diet and exercise counseling program on weight loss and lipid levels with an onsite dietitian who sees patients at the same visit with the physician and is fully reimbursable. Eighty overweight or obese patients (average age 55 +/- 12 years, baseline body ...

Our aim was to determine whether short-term weight loss on a low-carbohydrate/low-saturated fat diet improved endothelial function compared with a conventional high-carbohydrate diet, as this diet is expected to lower both blood glucose and LDL-cholesterol. In a randomised parallel design of two energy-restricted diets in an outpatient setting, thirty-six subjects ...

BACKGROUND: Many dieters lose and regain weight many times. It is unclear whether weight cycling is associated with adverse metabolic alterations or becomes more difficult with each attempt. METHODS: From 1988 to 2000, 2474 obese patients enrolled in our outpatient weight loss programme using a very low-calorie diet. Caloric intake ...

OBJECTIVE: To find factors associated with successful weight maintenance (WM) in overweight and obese subjects after a very low-calorie diet (VLCD). RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Subjects (133) followed a VLCD (2.1 MJ/d) for 6 weeks in a free-living situation. Of these, 103 subjects (age, 49.6 +/- 9.7 years; BMI, 30.9 ...

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in resting energy expenditure (REE), body composition and metabolic parameters, and to investigate predictors of the results in seriously obese patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP). METHODS: 31 patients (BMI 44.4 +/- 4.8 kg/m2; 27 female, 4 male; 37.3 +/- ...

Several expert panels have recommended that obese individuals attempt to lose 10% of their initial body weight through a combination of diet, physical activity, and behavior therapy (frequently referred to as lifestyle modification). This article reviews the short-and long-term results of lifestyle modification and methods to improve them. Randomized controlled ...

Adult humans often undertake acute fasts for cosmetic, religious or medical reasons. For example, an estimated 14% of US adults have reported using fasting as a means to control body weight and this approach has long been advocated as an intermittent treatment for gross refractory obesity. There are unique historical ...

OBJECTIVE: The present study evaluated weight loss and compliance outcomes for overweight adolescents assigned to one of two dietary interventions differing in the type of snacks allowed. METHODS: The study was a 12-week, controlled clinical trial, among otherwise healthy but overweight (body mass index >or=95th percentile) 11-year-old to 15-year-old girls ...

BACKGROUND: No previous study has sought to examine the influence of dietary composition on acne vulgaris. OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare the effect of an experimental low glycemic-load diet with a conventional high glycemic-load diet on clinical and endocrine aspects of acne vulgaris. METHODS: A total of 43 male patients ...

Low glycaemic index (GI) diets may facilitate weight loss via behavioural and/or endocrine mechanisms. This study investigated whether the outcomes of the Weight Watchers POINTS Weight-Loss System could be improved by encouraging dieters to select low GI, high-carbohydrate foods. Ninety-six women (age 20-72 years; BMI 25-40 kg/m2) were recruited as ...

OBJECTIVE: Chronic inflammation is associated with elevated risk of heart disease and may be linked to oxidative stress in obesity. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of weight loss diet composition (low carbohydrate, high fat, LC or high carbohydrate, low fat, HC) on inflammation and to determine whether this ...

Legume intake could specifically protect against lipid peroxidation in addition to the effects associated to weight loss when included in hypocaloric diets. Thus, 30 obese subjects (age: 36 +/- 8 years and BMI: 32.0 +/- 5.3 kg/m(2)) were nutritionally treated by a 8-week energy restriction ( - 30% energy expenditure) ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether MK-0557, a highly selective, orally administered neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor antagonist, could limit weight regain after very-low-calorie diet (VLCD)-induced weight loss. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: We enrolled 502 patients 18 to 65 years of age with a BMI of 30 to 43 kg/m2. Patients were placed ...

A randomized controlled trial of high glycemic load (HG) and low glycemic load (LG) diets with food provided for 6 months and self-administered for 6 additional months at 30% caloric restriction (CR) was performed in 29 overweight adults (mean+/-SD, age 35+/-5y; BMI 27.5+/-1.5 kg/m(2)). Total energy expenditure (TEE), resting metabolic ...

There remains no consensus about the optimal dietary composition for sustained weight loss. The objective was to examine the effects of 2 dietary macronutrient patterns with different glycemic loads on adherence to a prescribed regimen of calorie restriction (CR), weight and fat loss, and related variables. A randomized controlled trial ...

CONTEXT: Popular diets, particularly those low in carbohydrates, have challenged current recommendations advising a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet for weight loss. Potential benefits and risks have not been tested adequately. OBJECTIVE: To compare 4 weight-loss diets representing a spectrum of low to high carbohydrate intake for effects on weight loss and ...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose was to assess the prevalence and correlates of complementary and alternative medicine use for weight control. DESIGN: A list-assisted random-digit-dialed telephone survey of adults was conducted in the fall of 2002 (n = 11,211). The focus of the study was complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use, other ...

BACKGROUND: Lowering the dietary glycemic load and increasing protein intake may be advantageous for weight management. OBJECTIVE: This randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate the effects of an ad libitum reduced-glycemic-load (RGL) diet on body weight, body composition, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers in overweight and obese adults ...

BACKGROUND: Weight loss improves most of the comorbidities associated with obesity. AIM: The purposes of this study are to determine the effects of dietary intervention and physical activity on weight management and to evaluate the beneficial effects of weight loss on metabolic profile of obese adults. METHODS: This prospective study ...

Maximal weight loss observed in low-calorie diet (LCD) studies tends to be small, and the mechanisms leading to this low treatment efficacy have not been clarified. Less-than-expected weight loss with LCDs can arise from an increase in fractional energy absorption (FEA), adaptations in energy expenditure, or incomplete patient diet adherence. ...

The aim of this study was to determine after 52 weeks whether advice to follow a lower carbohydrate diet, either high in monounsaturated fat or low fat, high in protein had differential effects in a free-living community setting. Following weight loss on either a high monounsaturated fat, standard protein (HMF; ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term weight loss maintenance after 2 to 4 years in severely obese subjects after a lifestyle intervention at a weight loss camp in Denmark. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: In a retrospective follow-up study, we assessed weight loss after 21 weeks of treatment at a weight loss ...

There is variability in the pattern of weight change in response to a weight loss intervention (i.e., slowing of subsequent weight loss, cessation of weight loss, weight regain). A reduction in resting energy expenditure (REE) may partially explain the observed variability. Few studies have examined the effect of initial weight ...

Dietary self-monitoring is considered the core of behavioral weight control programs. As software for personal digital assistants (PDA) has become more available, this study investigated whether the use of a PDA would improve dietary self-monitoring frequency and subsequent weight loss over the use of traditional paper diaries. One-hundred-seventy-six adults (BMI ...

Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, δ, and γ subtypes increases expression of genes involved in fatty acid transport and oxidation and alters adiposity in animal models of obesity and type-2 diabetes. PPARpan agonists which activate all three receptor subtypes have antidiabetic activity in animal models without the weight ...

Despite ongoing health promotion, the prevalence of obesity is increasing dramatically in Turkey. To examine the short-term effects of energy-reduced dieting on body composition, weight loss and metabolism in healthy Turkish adult males. One hundred and two healthy adult males, aged 20-55 years with a BMI = 25 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP> who ...

Obesity may soon surpass smoking as the leading contributor to preventable death in the United States. While weight loss treatment outcomes have improved over time, weight loss maintenance following treatment is a significant problem. The present study explored metabolic, psychological and behavioral predictors of weight regain among 40 obese adults ...

Background: Adiponectin is a hormone whose functions contribute to a lowering of disease risk, but adiponectin is typically diminished in obesity. Weight loss can restore adiponectin, reducing obesity-related risk. This study examines the roles of weight-loss diets and macronutrient composition in improving adiponectin. Methods: Forty-two obese women were randomized to ...

Objective: Since short-term weight loss is often achievable in overweight individuals but long-term weight maintenance is generally poor, this thesis examines the effect of the nature of support programmes and macronutrient composition on weight maintenance following weight loss. &#13; Research design and methods: A 2x2 multifactorial design was used to ...

The increasing number of overweight and obese individuals has become one of the leading public health concerns in many countries around the world. Concomitant with this increase in the prevalence of obesity has been the rise in the number of weight-loss diets, many of which alter macronutrient composition, but with ...

There is now a large body of evidence that weight loss in older persons not only increases mortality, but also increases the incidence of hip fracture, functional deterioration and institutionalization. Weight loss is a central component of frailty. There is evidence that it is not only muscle, but also fat ...

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to compare the effects of 2 different but isocaloric fat reduction programs with the same amount of energy deficit - diet alone or diet combined with aerobic training - on body composition, lipid profile and cardiorespiratory fitness in non- or moderately obese women. METHODS: Twenty ...

BACKGROUND: Weight retention after pregnancy may contribute to obesity. It is known that diet and exercise are recommended components of any weight loss programme in the general population. However, strategies to achieve healthy body weight among postpartum women have not been adequately evaluated. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this review were ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of weight loss diets on mood, food cravings, and other self-reported symptoms. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Mood and other symptoms were evaluated by participant self-report using the Atkins Health Indicator Test (AHIT) in individuals undergoing weight loss following either a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet (LCKD) or ...

Our objective was to investigate the psychobiological impact associated with resistance to further weight loss in obese men. Anthropometric and body composition measurements, resting metabolic rate (RMR) measurement, appetite sensation markers, and three questionnaires [Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36), Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)] were assessed ...

The objective of the study was to identify weight management (WM) practices among women attending diet clinics in Riyadh city, assess their impact on knowledge, perceptions, nutritional and health status and define some predictors for weight reduction among these women. The pretest-posttest research design was used. All female clients attending ...

BACKGROUND: Obesity is increasingly prevalent, yet the nutritional management remains contentious. It has been suggested that low glycaemic index or load diets may stimulate greater weight loss than higher glycaemic index or load diets or other weight reduction diets. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of low glycaemic index or load ...

PURPOSE: How Canadian dietitians define and use non-dieting and size acceptance approaches (SAAs) in the context of weight management was explored. METHODS: Fifteen focus groups with 104 dietitians were conducted in seven Canadian cities. Questions were designed to explore participants' understanding and use of non-dieting and SAAs, including counselling goals, ...

There is currently no single dietary or lifestyle intervention that is effective in long-term weight loss. Traditional weight loss diets tend to be low in total fat and therefore often restrict nut consumption. However, nuts are an important source of many vitamins, minerals, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. This paper ...