PURPOSE: Plant sterols (PS) are well known for their low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering effect. Until recently, they were believed to have little or no impact on blood triglycerides (TG). However, studies taken individually were possibly lacking statistical power to detect modest TG decreases. This study was performed to quantify the TG-lowering ...

The aim of this study was to illustrate the combined effect of excess iodine and high-fat diet on lipid metabolism and its potential molecular mechanism. Sixty Balb/c mice were randomly allocated to three control groups or three excess iodine groups and fed with a high-fat diet in the absence or ...

BACKGROUND: The beneficial health effects associated with Universal Salt Iodization are well known. Yet, little is known about the possible adverse health effects in people with high iodine intake and the safe daily intake upper limit in the Chinese population. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore the ...

The aim was to explore the relationships between degree of participation in a culturally adapted lifestyle intervention and stages of change for healthy eating and weight loss among Pakistani immigrant women in Norway. The intervention lasted 7 months and included 198 women, randomized into control and intervention groups. The odds of ...

PURPOSE:: We propose that brow enlargement seen in patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) occurs secondary to the autoimmune process in Graves disease and that the changes in brow fat are histologically identical to those seen in orbital fat. METHODS:: With informed consent, brow and orbital fat was obtained from patients ...

Energy deficit in lean or obese animals or humans stimulates appetite, reduces energy expenditure and possibly also decreases physical activity, thereby contributing to weight regain. Often overlooked in weight loss trials for obesity, however, is the effect of energy restriction on neuroendocrine status. Negative energy balance in lean animals and ...

Scope: To identify genes involved in the susceptibility to iodine-induced autoimmune thyroiditis. Methods and results: Diabetes, thyroiditis-prone (BBdp) and -resistant (BBc) rats were fed either a control or a high-iodine diet for 9 wk. Excess iodine intake increased the incidence of insulitis and thyroiditis in BBdp rats. BBdp rats fed the ...

A study was conducted to determine the effect of including expeller-extracted canola meal (EECM) in diets for broilers on performance, thyroid gland size, liver and kidney sizes, blood serum concentration of triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine, hemoglobin content in blood, hematocrit, and histology of liver and kidney. A total of 200 male ...

OBJECTIVE: We have recently shown that maternal flaxseed supplementation during lactation induces insulin resistance in adult offspring. Here, we studied the effects of maternal dietary flaxseed during lactation on adipocyte morphology and leptin signaling in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis as well as on behavioral traits in the adult progeny. METHODS: Lactating ...

Recently, it was demonstrated that 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (T2) stimulates the resting metabolic rate (RMR), and reduces body-weight gain of rats receiving a high-fat diet. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of chronic T2 administration on basal metabolic rate and body weight in humans. Two euthyroid subjects volunteered ...

Aim: Postprandial hyperlipidemia (PH) is thought to be caused by the impaired postprandial metabolism of triglycerides (TG)-rich lipoproteins in both endogenous and exogenous pathways; however, there is no consensus. It is difficult to estimate the presence of PH without performing a time-consuming oral fat loading (OFL) test, so postprandial lipoprotein ...

PURPOSE: The aim of the present feeding trial with iodine was to assess pigs' growth performance and carcass characteristics, the iodine accumulation in tissues, and their influences on the thyroid hormones in plasma. METHODS: Eighty pigs (33-115 kg body weight) were allotted to 5 dietary treatments: a control group (150 μg I/kg), ...

OBJECTIVEExcess visceral fat accumulation is associated with the metabolic disturbances of obesity. Differential lipid redistribution through lipoproteins may affect body fat distribution. This is the first study to investigate VLDL-triglyceride (VLDL-TG) storage in visceral fat.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSNine upper-body obese (UBO; waist circumference >88 cm) and six lean (waist circumference ...

Mercury (Hg) is a neurotoxicant known to cause developmental and behavioral abnormalities in vertebrates. Increasing evidence suggests that Hg can also disrupt endocrine functions and endocrine-dependent processes. For example, dietary Hg has been shown to delay tail resorption during metamorphic climax in amphibians, a process mediated by thyroid hormones. However, ...

Tetrabromoethylcyclohexane (TBECH) is an additive brominated flame retardant used in domestic and industrial applications. It has been detected in wildlife, and there is early evidence that it is an endocrine disruptor. Whereas other brominated flame retardants with similar physicochemical properties have been shown to disrupt the thyroid axis, no such ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: To analyze the potential genetic associations between four polymorphisms of interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) gene and atherosclerotic lipid profiles among young adolescents in Taiwan. METHODS: Using data from the Taipei Children Heart Study-II - a cross-sectional survey in 2003. After multi-stage sampling, we selected 418 boys and 441 girls ...

Thyroid hormone accelerates energy expenditure (EE) and is critical for cold-induced thermogenesis. To define the metabolic role played by thyroid hormone in the dissipation of calories from diet, hypothyroid mice were studied for 60 d in a comprehensive lab animal monitoring system. Hypothyroidism decreased caloric intake and body fat while ...

n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) from fish oil exert important lipid-lowering effects, an effect also ascribed to thyroid hormones (TH) and to TH receptor beta1 (TRβ1) specific agonists. N-3 PUFA effects are mediated by nuclear receptors, such as Proliferator Peroxisome Activated Receptor (PPAR) and others. Here we investigated a ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The elevated postprandial triacylglycerol (TG) concentration is associated with elevated coronary artery disease. Oral fatty tolerant test (OFTT) is less performed in the health. This study was to evaluate the effect of sex and body mass index (BMI) on postprandial TG concentration of the low fat meal in ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Pendred syndrome (PDS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing impairment and variable degree of goitrous enlargement of the thyroid gland with a partial defect in iodine organification. The thyroid function phenotype can range from normal function to overt hypothyroidism. It is caused by loss-of-function mutations ...

Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of preventable mental impairment worldwide. It is defined by WHO as mild if the population median urinary iodine excretion is 50-99 μg/L, moderate if 20-49 μg/L, and severe if less than 20 μg/L. No contemporary data are available for the UK, which has ...

Chinese immigrants experience increased risk for weight gain and chronic disease after US migration. Whether psychosocial stress affects their eating behavior is unknown. The purpose of this study is to examine psychosocial stress and dietary intake among 426 Chinese immigrant women in the Philadelphia region. Participants completed 4 days of ...

Background/Aims: Changes in lipid profiles have been shown to be associated with diet and apolipoprotein (APO) polymorphisms. Therefore, 2 polymorphisms, i.e. APOA5-1131T>C and APOC3-482C>T, and serum lipids were examined in a Chinese healthy young population with high-carbohydrate/low-fat (HC/LF) diet intervention. Methods: After a wash-out diet for 7 days, 56 young ...

Short-term energy deprivation reduces leptin concentrations and alters the levels of circulating hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-peripheral axis in lean subjects. Whether the reduction in leptin concentration during long-term weight loss in obese individuals is linked to the same neuroendocrine changes seen in lean, leptin-sensitive subjects remains to be fully clarified. ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: There are few studies to demonstrate the associations between newly addressed lipid profiles and metabolic syndrome (MetS)-associated variables. METHODS: Study participants without medications for hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia {614 men aged 58 +/- 14 (mean +/- standard deviation; range, 20-89) years and 779 women aged 60 +/- 12 ...

Perchlorate can perturb thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis by competitive inhibition of iodide uptake by the thyroid gland. Until recently, the effects of perchlorate on TH homeostasis were examined by measuring serum concentrations of THs by immunoassay (IA) methods. IA methods are sensitive, but for TH analysis they are compromised by ...

An association between biomarkers of trans fat intake and greater risk of preeclampsia has been reported, but research in this area is scant. Thus, we examined the association of second trimester intake of trans fats with risk of preeclampsia and severe preeclampsia. We followed 67,186 pregnancies of women participating in ...

In light of the widespread phenomena of diet failure and excessive dieting, this paper presents a theoretical economic analysis of the decision-making process of weight-loss dieting. The paper incorporates behavioral elements involved in the process of dieting: effort exerted in dieting, influence of social norms concerning body weight, time-inconsistent present ...

The purpose of this study is to survey the literature pertinent to some morphological traits which are related with the production and reproduction of fat-tailed sheep breeds. The fat-tailed breeds were identified according to Food and Agriculture Organization databases. Articles referring to all these sheep breeds were evaluated. The morphology ...

Abstract In a preliminary study we found that incubating raw ginseng in oil facilitated autolysis and extensive metabolism of ginseng, releasing flavor and lipophilic compounds into the oil so that it could be used as an ingredient for high value-added foods, while the residue could be utilized for making ginseng ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine dietary patterns among British adults, associations with Na and macronutrient intakes, and implications for dietary advice. DESIGN: Principal component analysis of 7 d weighed dietary records. SUBJECTS: Adults aged 19-64 years (n 1724). SETTING: National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2000/2001). RESULTS: High Na intake was associated with ...

This study investigated the effects of supplementary β-glucosidase on the carcass composition, meat quality, weight of digestive organ and apparent digestibility in male broilers. Two hundred and forty male, 1-day avine broiler chicks were randomly allocated into four treatment groups and fed with corn-soya bean meal supplemented with 0 (control), ...

Aerobic fitness and adiposity are each independently associated with health outcomes among children, although the relationship between these two variables is unclear. Our objectives were to evaluate (i) the association of adiposity with aerobic fitness using objectively measured levels of percent body fat, compared to BMI as a percentile proxy ...

The mechanisms leading to weight loss in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are poorly understood. Changes in protein metabolism and systemic inflammation may contribute to increased resting energy expenditure (REE) in COPD, leading to an energy imbalance and loss of fat and fat-free mass. The objective of this ...

Glucosylceramide synthase (GlcT-1) catalyzes the synthesis of glucosylceramide (GlcCer), the core structure of major glycosphingolipids (GSLs). Obesity is a metabolic disorder caused by an imbalance between energy uptake and expenditure, resulting in excess stored body fat. Recent studies have shown that GSL levels are increased in obese rodents and that ...

RATIONALE: Amount and type of food can alter dopamine systems and sensitivity to drugs acting on those systems. OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether changes in body weight, food type, or both body weight and food type contribute to these effects. METHODS: Rats had free or restricted access (increasing, decreasing, or ...

OBJECTIVE: To identify dietary patterns of a representative sample of Iranian adults using factor analysis. METHODS: This study was conducted in 2000-2001 as the baseline survey of Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP). We studied 12,514 participants aged ≥19 years who were randomly selected in three counties of Central Iran. A validated ...

Diet is an important source of perfluorinated compound (PFC) exposure and seafood is an important diet component for coastal populations. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the concentrations of PFCs in seafood. In this study, we measured thirteen PFCs in 47 fatty fish and 45 shellfish samples collected from six ...

The function of dorsomedial hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) in energy balance has largely been restricted to lactation-induced hyperphagia. In this issue, Chao et al. (2011) expand this role to include inhibition of both brown fat thermogenesis and conversion of white-to-brown adipocytes in a white fat depot, resulting in reduced energy expenditure.

At the 2008 Olympics, the body weight of the athletes varied from 28 to 181 kg and many Olympic athletes therefore today have a stature far from the ancient Greek athletic ideals. Athletes and sports associated with leanness and their medical problems have been researched extensively. However, there has been less ...

Ghrelin is a hormone produced predominantly by the stomach that targets a number of specific areas in the central nervous system to promote a positive energy balance by increasing food intake and energy storage. In that respect, similarities exist with the effects of consuming a high-fat diet (HFD), which also ...

Context:Fat-rich diets are involved in many disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The Pro12Ala variant of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is known to modulate body mass index (BMI) and T2D risk.Objective:Our aim was to study the interaction effect between PPARγ gene (PPARG) polymorphisms Pro12Ala and 1431C>T and ...

Co-digestion of thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) and fat, oil and grease (FOG) was conducted semi-continuously under mesophilic conditions. The results showed that daily methane yield at the steady state was 598L/kg VS(added) when TWAS and FOG (64% of total VS) were co-digested, which was 137% higher than that obtained ...

Scope: To characterize the effects of ingesting the common foodborne mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) on body weight and composition in the high-fat (HF) diet-induced obese mice, a model of human obesity. Methods and results: Female B6C3F1 mice were initially fed HF diets containing 45% kcal (HF45) or 60% kcal (HF60) as fat ...

Tolerable upper intake levels (ULs) set by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) are important, in part because they are used for estimating the percentage of the population at potential risk of adverse effects from excessive nutrient intake. The IOM did not set ULs for trans fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol ...

A total of 120 barrows (initial BW = 47.9 ± 3.6 kg; PIC 1050) were used in an 83-d study to determine the effects of dietary iodine value (IV) product (IVP) on growth performance and fat quality. Pigs were blocked by BW and randomly allotted to 1 of 6 treatments ...

Objective  A high apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 (apoB/A1) ratio is strongly associated with cardiometabolic diseases. However, few studies have examined this ratio in children and adolescents. The aim of our study was to determine significant factors related to the apoB/A1 ratio and examine its association with paediatric metabolic syndrome. Patients and ...

Milk fat globule membrane is a protein-lipid complex that may strengthen the gut barrier. The main objective of this study was to assess the ability of a membrane-rich milk fat diet to promote the integrity of the gut barrier and to decrease systemic inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged mice. Animals were ...

Low-fat foods are an interesting option for consumers interested in health-related issues or in maintaining adequate body weight; however, fat reduction may influence consumer acceptance of the end product. This study aims to obtain information about the effectiveness of λ-carrageenan and a blend (50:50) of short- and long-chain inulin as ...

The purpose of this work was to optimize the formulation of a prebiotic dairy dessert with low fat content (<0.1g/100g) using a mixture of short- and long-chain inulin. Response surface methodology was applied to obtain the experimental design and data analysis. Nineteen formulations of dairy dessert were prepared, varying inulin ...