PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The association between nutrition during pregnancy and the development of metabolic disease in the offspring has been well evidenced in humans and animals. Whilst evidence has accumulated to support various theories linking maternal diet to long-term health, the precise mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. This review ...

OBJECTIVE: Previous observational studies reported beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on cognitive function, but results were inconsistent. We assessed the effect on cognition of a nutritional intervention using MedDiets in comparison with a low-fat control diet. METHODS: We assessed 522 participants at high vascular risk (44.6% men, age ...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. Epidemiologic data suggest that malnutrition is a common feature in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and being overweight or obese confers a survival advantage in this patient population. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse models, a high-fat diet has been shown to lead to weight ...

Abstract Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been proposed as a possible model organism for nutritional physiology. However, this potential has not yet been realized and studies on the field remain scarce. In this work, we investigated in this species the effect of a single meal as well as that of an ...

Effective tick management on grazing animals is facilitated by accurate noninvasive detection methods. Fecal analysis provides information about animal health and nutrition. Diet affects fecal composition, stress may do likewise. The constituents in feces which may be affected by tick burdens and in turn affect near infrared spectra have not ...

Abstract Background: Duodenal bypass and intestinal malabsorption from Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) can exacerbate known nutritional deficiencies of morbidly obese patients and worsen symptoms. Preventatively, most bariatric patients use postoperative nutritional supplementation. This study evaluated Nuvista(®) (Nutricia North America, Rockville, MD) and its potential as an adequate single nutritional supplement. ...

A Mediterranean dietary pattern has been associated with reducing the risk of cardiovascular and chronic disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of nutrition knowledge in determining possible differences among dietary patterns in a general population from a Mediterranean region. We conducted a cross-sectional study on ...

OBJECTIVETo use structural modeling to test a hypothesized model of causal pathways related with prediabetes among older adults in the U.S.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSCross-sectional study of 2,230 older adults (≥50 years) without diabetes included in the morning fasting sample of the 2001-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Demographic data ...

Hypoproteic diets are most often discussed for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who do not receive dialysis. A very low-protein diet supplemented with ketoanalogues of essential amino acids (keto-diet) proved effective in ameliorating metabolic disturbances of advanced CKD and delaying the initiation of dialysis without deleterious effects on nutritional ...

Bariatric surgery, and in particular, gastric bypass is an increasingly utilized and successful approach for long-term treatment of obesity and amelioration of comorbidities. Nutrient deficiencies after surgery are common and have multiple causes. Preoperative factors include obesity, which appears to be associated with risk for several nutrient deficiencies, and preoperative ...

The field of nutrigenomics shows tremendous promise for improved understanding of the effects of dietary intake on health. The knowledge that metabolic pathways may be altered in individuals with genetic variants in the presence of certain dietary exposures offers great potential for personalized nutrition advice. However, although considerable resources have ...

The eastern quoll (Dasyurus viverrinus) is a carnivorous Australian marsupial that has undergone significant geographical range contraction since European settlement, and is extinct on the mainland. Nutrition is not well researched in captive eastern quolls, and captive diets often consist of commercial pet foods as opposed to raw meat or ...

BACKGROUND: Although hypercaloric interventions are associated with nutritional, endocrine, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders in obesity experiments, a rational distinction between the effects of excess adiposity and the individual roles of dietary macronutrients in relation to these disturbances has not previously been studied. This investigation analyzed the correlation between ingested macronutrients ...

Childhood obesity is associated with a pro-atherogenic phenotype contributing to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This single-arm pilot study examined the effects of a lifestyle intervention on lipoprotein particle size and cholesterol distribution in obese Latino adolescents. Fifteen obese Latino adolescents (15.0 ± 1.0 years) completed a 12-week nutrition education and exercise ...

BACKGROUND: Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a rare disease of unknown cause. A cinnamon- and benzoate-free diet is successful in up to 72% of patients. Phenolic acids are among the chemical constituents restricted in this diet, which avoids some but not all of these structurally similar compounds. The present study aimed ...

Recent data reveals that dietary factors may influence outcomes in patients undergoing cancer treatment. However, patient-centered information on dietary recommendations is limited. In this study, we assessed dietary recommendations for cancer patients during treatment and survivorship by evaluating the websites of all National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) member institutions. NCCN ...

The production of high quality amphibian larvae through optimal diets is a critical component of amphibian conservation breeding programs. Larval period, survival, body weight and total length are frequently used as metrics of adequate nutrition. However, the effects of nutrition on tadpole and metamorph morphology are rarely tested in detail. ...

To investigate effects of nutritional plane and Se supply during gestation on neonatal offspring visceral organ mass and intestinal growth and vascularity, 84 nulliparous Rambouillet ewes (age = 240 ± 17 d, BW = 52.1 ± 6.2 kg), were allocated to a 2 × 3 factorial design. Ewes were fed ...

Abstract This study evaluated the influence of curd consumption (a dairy product in which most whey proteins are discarded) on nutritional status markers and on gastrointestinal symptoms through an open-label randomized nutritional intervention. A total of 20 males and 20 females were involved in the study. Body weight and plasma ...

OBJECTIVE: To study the association between dinner eating location and the nutritional quality of the specific dinner meal and the whole-day dietary intake and to compare the diets of those consuming ≥25 % of energy out of home and at school/work (SOH; substantial out-of-home eaters) with those consuming <25 % ...

Over the last 30 years, major advances have occurred in our understanding of the disorder cystic fibrosis (CF) with the discoveries of the underlying chloride transport defect and the 'CF gene', the CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene. Equally important from a clinical and patient perspective are the improvements in median ...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurological disease with high risk of malnutrition. Symptoms of dysphagia, depression, cognitive impairment, difficulty with self-feeding and meal preparation, hypermetabolism, anxiety, respiratory insufficiency, and fatigue with meals increase the risk of malnutrition. Malnutrition negatively affects prognosis and quality of life, making early and ...

Objectives were to investigate the effects of maternal Se supply and nutritional plane during gestation on offspring visceral tissues and indices of intestinal growth, vascularity, and function at 180 d of age. Rambouillet ewe lambs (n = 82, approximately 240 d of age; 52 ± 0.8 kg BW at breeding) ...

Data on long-term dietary changes and nutritional deficiencies after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in grade 3 obese patients are scarce. To prospectively compare dietary changes and nutritional deficiencies in grade 3 obese patients 5 years after SG and Roux-en-y gastric bypass (GBP). Three hundred and fifty-five patients who had SG (n=61) ...

OBJECTIVE: To verify acceptance of hospital diets as to the nutritional status among patients admitted to the Oncology/Hematology Unit of a tertiary care hospital. METHODS: A cross-sectional study conducted among 100 patients, aged >18 years, of both genders. Body mass index and subjective global nutritional evaluation by patients were used ...

Acne is a common disease in Westernized nations, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Acne has substantial effects on quality of life, making treatment essential. Medical nutrition therapy as a potential treatment for acne is not new, although the literature examining diet and acne during the past 100 years is ...

Specific nutritional factors that mediate obesity or CKD remain very difficult to quantify in any population. That being said, several macronutrients, including protein intake, have been examined as risk factors for CKD progression. Given the correlation of micro- and macronutrients within a particular diet and the consistency of an individual's ...

Diet is known to have a major role in the expression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The role of dietary interventions and enteral nutrition in the management of IBD remains unelucidated. This study was to review the current evidence for dietary risk factors for the development of IBD and the ...

Diet potentially plays a major role in the progression and complications of predialysis CKD. Moderate protein consumption along with a diet low in sodium might slow kidney disease progression. Increasing vegetable protein intake might decrease serum phosphorus, uremic toxins, and kidney damage. Because obesity might be an important factor in ...

OBJECTIVE: "iEat®" (EN Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; study diet), a food product that resembles an ordinary meal in appearance but is cooked to soften, was compared with foods provided to patients with impaired mastication (modified traditional diet) to investigate the influence of the appearance of foods on the consumption rate, ...

Nutritional epidemiology is a subdiscipline of epidemiology and provides specific knowledge to nutritional science. It provides data about the diet-disease relationships that is transformed by Public Health Nutrition into the practise of prevention. The specific contributions of nutritional epidemiology include dietary assessment, description of nutritional exposure and statistical modelling of ...

BACKGROUND: There is limited research examining the association between psoriasis, dietary intake and nutritional status in the general U.S. population. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare levels of vitamins and carotenoids as well as intake of protein, fats, sugar, carbohydrates and total calories between individuals with and without psoriasis. METHODS: ...

Bark beetles are among the most destructive of pine forest pests and they form close symbiotic relationships with ophiostomatoid fungi. Although some fungi are considered to be mutualistic symbionts of bark beetles with respect to the supply of nutrients, detrimental effects of fungal symbionts on larval growth have also been ...

The interaction between temperature and diet quality can affect the life-history of ectotherms. The rate and ratio at which protein and carbohydrate are obtained from food are an important aspect of diet quality, and insects have a well-developed capacity to adjust their feeding behaviour and postingestive physiology to regulate intake ...

Background. Artificial nutrition is frequently associated with hepatobiliary complications, probably due to the inherent derangement of the gastrointestinal tract physiology. Alterations of hepatic lipid metabolism are likely to be involved. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of artificial nutrition on bile acid production, a key ...

Abstract Objective: The effects of low maternal hemoglobin levels on the immunological and nutritional components of breast milk at different maturation stages were investigated. Methods: Colostrum, transitional and mature milk were collected from 25 mothers with normal hemoglobin levels (control group) and 18 mothers with hemoglobin levels below 11 g/dL ...

The role of nutrition in modulating Alzheimer disease (AD) remains uncertain. Persons ingesting a Mediterranean-type diet appear to be less likely to develop AD. Epidemiologically, food combinations rich in antioxidant vitamins reduced the risk of AD. Combination formulas (eg, Souvenaid) appear to have small effects on cognition. B-vitamin supplements were ...

BACKGROUND: Modifying foodservice practices in military dining facilities could influence ad libitum nutritional intake patterns of soldiers. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine how changes in foodservice operations consistent with 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans affected soldiers' ad libitum nutritional intake in military dining facilities (DFACs). DESIGN: Ten DFACs participated, and ...

Polyphenols are common constituents of the diet, and research on their health benefits has developed quickly over the past few years. Our purpose is to review recent findings highlighting daily dietary polyphenol intake and the diverse function of polyphenols and their possible relationships to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Several cohort studies ...

Dietary restriction extends lifespan in a variety of organisms, but the key nutritional components driving this process and how they interact remain uncertain. In Drosophila, while a substantial body of research suggests that protein is the major dietary component affecting longevity, recent studies claim that carbohydrates also play a central ...

AIM: Postoperative oral nutritional supplementation is becoming a part of most patient care pathways. This study examined the effects of low volume high calorie prescribed supplemental nutrition on patient outcome following elective colorectal surgery. METHOD: Patients undergoing elective colorectal resections were randomised to receive prescribed nutritional supplementation group (SG) - ...

Background: A high-calorie diet has been a standard of care in cystic fibrosis (CF) for >3 decades. However, energy requirements may have changed with new treatments and milder genotypes.Objectives: The objectives of this study were to describe longitudinal trends in nutritional status and to evaluate the relation between nutritional status ...

The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages has been implicated as a major contributor to the development of obesity and cardiometabolic disease. To evaluate the relationships between sugar-sweetened beverage intake and cardiometabolic markers in young children. A cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data collected by the National ...

Although personalised nutrition is frequently considered in the context of diet-gene interactions, increasingly, personalised nutrition is seen to exist at three levels. The first is personalised dietary advice using Internet-delivered services, which ultimately will become automated and which will also draw on mobile phone technology. The second level of personalised ...

BACKGROUND: Healthy diets are supposed to be more environmentally friendly because they rely mainly on plant-based foods, which have lower greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) per unit weight than do animal-based foods. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to estimate the GHGEs associated with the consumption of self-selected diets in France and to ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Energy excess, low fruit and vegetable intake and other suboptimal dietary habits contribute to an increased poor health and the burden of disease in males. However the best way to engage males into nutrition programs remains unclear. This review provides a critical evaluation of the nature and effectiveness ...

The primary function of salivary glands is fluid and protein secretion during feeding. Compared to mammalian systems, little is known about salivary protein secretion processes and the effect of diet on the salivary proteome in insect models. Therefore, the effect of diet nutritional quality on caterpillar labial salivary gland proteins ...

Reproductive outputs in fat-tailed Barbarine sheep in central Tunisia are often low because of feed shortage and the low nutritive value of diets. Supplementation with conventional concentrates is economically unsuitable in central Tunisia, so more cost-effective and sustainable alternative feeding strategies need to be developed. We tested effects of short-term ...

Replacing full-fat dairy products with reduced-fat varieties is a dietetic strategy for reducing energy intake while maintaining nutritional adequacy. This study aimed to explore the dietary outcomes of this recommendation in the context of weight loss. This study involved a secondary analysis of diet-history data for 86 adults (23 males ...

Large nutritional epidemiology studies, with long-term follow-up to assess major clinical end points, coupled with advances in basic science and clinical trials, have led to important improvements in our understanding of nutrition in primary prevention of chronic disease. Although much work remains, sufficient evidence has accrued to provide solid advice ...