Context: Emerging as an important metabolic regulator, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has gained considerable interest in diabetes and obesity research. The circulating FGF21 concentration is fairly low in normal individuals, but elevated hormone levels may associate with obesity. The determining factors of FGF21 levels in humans are not clear. ...

The emerging role of chronic inflammation in the major degenerative diseases of modern society has stimulated research into the influence of nutrition and dietary patterns on inflammatory indices. Most human studies have correlated analyses of habitual dietary intake as determined by a food frequency questionnaire or 24-hour recall with systemic ...

To assess the usual nutrient intakes of 3,273 US infants, toddlers, and preschoolers, aged 0 to 47 months, surveyed in the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2008; and to compare data on the usual nutrient intakes for the two waves of FITS conducted in 2002 and 2008. The FITS ...

To determine whether fat distribution in obese adults is significantly associated with decreased function and increased disability. Cross-sectional epidemiologic analysis. Multicenter, community-based study. Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study participants included adults ages 50-79 years at high risk of developing or already possessing knee osteoarthritis. A total of 549 men and 892 women ...

Dietary saturated fat is linked to numerous chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Here we study the role of the lipoprotein lipase inhibitor Angptl4 in the response to dietary saturated fat. Strikingly, in mice lacking Angptl4, saturated fat induces a severe and lethal phenotype characterized by fibrinopurulent peritonitis, ascites, intestinal fibrosis, ...

1. This experiment investigated the effects of water and Saccharomyces cerevisiae added to wheat-based diets on gastrointestinal, blood and performance parameters of broiler chickens. 2. A total of 160 one-d-old male broiler chicks were given air-dry or wet diets, with or without S. cerevisiae supplementation (0 and 20 g/kg air-dry ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of an accelerometer in predicting body weight (BW) change during a lifestyle intervention and to find out whether exercise or overall physical activity is associated with change in insulin sensitivity and body composition. A total of 49 overweight (body mass ...

Dyslipidemia results from consumption of a diet rich in saturated fatty acids and is usually associated with cardiovascular disease. A diet rich in unsaturated fatty acids is usually associated with improved cardiovascular condition. To investigate whether a high-fat diet rich in unsaturated fatty acids (U-HFD) - in which fatty acid ...

The objective of the study was to evaluate whether serum concentrations of metabolic intermediates are related to adiposity and insulin sensitivity (Si) in overweight healthy subjects and compare changes in metabolic intermediates with similar weight loss achieved by diet only or diet plus exercise. This was a randomized controlled trial. ...

The effects of oryzanol and ferulic acid on the glucose metabolism of high-fat-fed mice were investigated. Male C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: NC group fed with normal control diet; HF group fed with high-fat (17%) diet; HF-O group fed with high-fat diet supplemented with 0.5% oryzanol; and ...

One hundred thirty-seven spring-born yearling beef heifers of British breed types were used to determine the relationships between residual feed intake (RFI) and growth rate, body composition, mature size, and fertility. Heifers were housed in a dry lot facility during the experimental period, and data were collected over a 2-yr ...

This study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary lipid levels on growth performance, lipid deposition and activities of lipid metabolic enzymes in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus). Four isonitrogenous (300 g/kg crude protein) experimental diets containing graded levels of lipid (25, 55, 85 and 115 g/kg) were randomly assigned to ...

Consumers are concerned with fat consumption from meat products, and the ability to determine fat has changed with recent technological advances. The objective of this study was to predict fat percentage within marbling scores and compare 3 fat analysis procedures. Steaks (n = 119) were selected by USDA grading system ...

The degree of macrovesicular steatosis is typically evaluated in liver biopsies by visual estimation, which is subject to intraobserver and interobserver variations. Computer morphometry and biochemical measurement may provide more accurate results. Our aim was to develop a morphometry method and compare its results with visual and biochemical measurements. Twenty-six ...

Dietary fat intake, which is high during suckling, is markedly reduced when food and drinks are introduced into the diet. We investigated whether alterations in the fat:carbohydrate (CHO) content of the weaning diet influenced the later development of adiposity and insulin sensitivity. Three groups of male rats (24/group) were fed ...

The effects of fat reduction (25.0%, 17.5%, and 10.0%) and substituting beef fat with canola oil or pre-emulsified canola oil (using soy protein isolate, sodium caseinate or whey protein isolate) on cooking loss, texture and color of comminuted meat products were investigated. Reducing fat from 25 to 10% increased cooking ...

We recently showed that a short-term high-fat diet blunted exercise performance in rats, accompanied by increased uncoupling protein levels and greater respiratory uncoupling. In this study, we investigated the effects of a similar diet on physical and cognitive performance in humans. Twenty sedentary men were assessed when consuming a standardized, ...

Background:Air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) may be a valid and practical technique to assess body composition in a clinical setting.Objective:This study aimed to assess longitudinal changes in body composition using ADP and to compare it with the deuterium dilution technique.Design:The study was a 6-months dietary intervention, consisting of four phases. The first ...

We evaluated the effects of fragmin/protamine micro-particles (F/P MPs) containing FGF-2 (F/P MP-F) as carriers for the controlled release of FGF-2 for adipocyte-survival and capillary formation in inbred rats with subdivided free fat grafts. F/P MPs could immobilize FGF-2, thereafter gradually releasing the bound FGF-2. Inbred Fisher 344 rats weighing ...

A study was conducted to evaluate four different probiotic levels, using diets supplemented with 0 (control), 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% or 0.5% of organic-green culture-zs (probiotic). The cockerels of 6-weeks old were randomly divided into 15 separate floor pens each comprising 25 birds and three pens (replicates) per treatment group following ...

Abstract Objective. Early adiposity rebound ([AR], when body mass index [BMI] rises after reaching a nadir) strongly predicts later obesity. We investigated whether the upswing in BMI at AR is accompanied by an increase in body fat. Design. Community-based cohort study. Subjects. A total of 299 first-born children (49% male). ...

We evaluated the effects of fragmin/protamine micro-particles (F/P MPs) containing FGF-2 (F/P MP-F) as carriers for the controlled release of FGF-2 for adipocyte-survival and capillary formation in inbred rats with subdivided free fat grafts. F/P MPs could immobilize FGF-2, thereafter gradually releasing the bound FGF-2. Inbred Fisher 344 rats weighing ...

Fifty-eight purebred castrated male Iberian (IB) piglets (initial BW 9.9 ± 0.1 kg) were used in an experiment to determine the effect of dietary protein content (PC) and feeding level (FL) on the rates of BW gain, whole body protein deposition (PD), and energy utilization between 10 and 25 kg ...

Objectives The aims were to analyse changes in nutritional parameters from diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to death and to assess their relationships with survival at the time of diagnosis and during follow-up. Methods 92 ALS patients were included and clinically assessed every 3 months (ALS functional rating scale, manual ...

The effect of in utero exposure to a maternal high-fat diet on the peripheral circadian system of the fetus is unknown. Using mRNA copy number analysis, we report that the components of the peripheral circadian machinery are transcribed in the nonhuman primate fetal liver in an intact phase-antiphase fashion and ...

Although oxidized fats are widely considered to have detrimental effects on human health, a large number of feeding studies with experimental animals have consistently demonstrated that oxidized fats, compared with fresh fats, cause a reduction in the concentrations of triacylglycerols and cholesterol in liver and plasma. The reason for these ...

Dyslipidemia is influenced by diet and body habitus. The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy lipoprotein subclass profile (NMR-LSP) is associated with diabetes and its vascular complications; and an NMR-LSP featuring large VLDL particles and small LDL and HDL particles is linked with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Thus interventions which favourably modify NMR-LSP ...

Most studies of lean mass dynamics in free-living passerine birds have focused on Old World species at geographical barriers where they are challenged to make the longest non-stop flight of their migration. We examined lean mass variation in New World passerines in an area where the distribution of stopover habitat ...

Increasing levels of obesity within women of reproductive age is a major concern in the UK. Approximately, 13% of women aged <30 and 22% of 31- to 40-year-old women are obese. Obesity increases complications during pregnancy and the risk of caesarean section due to prolonged labour and poor uterine activity. ...

The perinatal environment plays an important role in programming many aspects of physiology and behavior including metabolism, body weight set point, energy balance regulation and predisposition to mental health-related disorders such as anxiety, depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Maternal health and nutritional status heavily influence the early environment and ...

In the present study, we evaluated the ability of Teucrium polium ethyl acetate fraction, with high antioxidant activity, in the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in rats and its possible effect on factors involved in pathogenesis of the disease. To induce NASH, a methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet was ...

Green tea catechins (GTC) are polyphenolic compounds present in the unfermented dried leaves of the plant, Camellia sinensis. Results from a number of randomized, controlled intervention trials have shown that consumption of GTC (270 mg to 1200 mg/day) may reduce body weight and fat. There are several proposed mechanisms whereby ...

The aim of the study was to compare a low fat/high-carbohydrate diet and a high-fat diet on clinical outcomes by a retrospective cohort study. Nine hundred forty-four children with burns ≥ 40% of their total body surface area (TBSA) were divided into two groups: patients receiving Vivonex T.E.N. (low-fat/high-carbohydrate diet; ...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of seasonality on nutrient intake in healthy adults from the southernmost metropolitan area of Brazil. The dietary intake (24-hour dietary recall on six different days) in a sample of 162 adults (114 women), aged 20 to 69, was obtained during ...

To measure the amount of fat presented to the right heart during reaming and nail placement using two different reamer systems. Prospective, randomized clinical trial. University-based Level I Trauma Center. 20 patients with femur fractures. Patients with femur fractures were treated with intramedullary nailing using either reamer-irrigator-aspirator or a conventional ...

We studied the feeding ecology of two Hylinae anurans (Hypsiboas raniceps and Scinax acuminatus), living sympatrically and syntopically in the Pantanal of Miranda, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The two hylid species had similar relative mouth width but differed in body size. The diet of the two frog species ...

  To compare beef from Northwestern Mexico (NMEX) and that imported from the United States in physical-chemical (PC) and sensory traits, samples of ribeye (m. Longissimus dorsi thoracis, LDT) and knuckle (m. Vastus lateralis, VL) of Mexican (64 LDT; 51 VL) and U.S. (28 LDT; 25 VL) origin were purchased ...

Identifying new ways to decrease adiposity will be very valuable for health. The aim of this study was to find out whether L-Arginine (Arg) and selenium alone or together can increase the effect of hypocaloric diet enriched in legumes (HDEL) on anthropometric measures in healthy obese women. This randomized, double-blind, ...

Globalization has made calorie rich, cheap, convenient marketed foods the main menu for the common man. Indians are particularly susceptible to the adverse outcomes of this dietary change because of ethnic, epigenetic reasons and sarcopenic adiposity (less muscle more fat for the same body weight). Children have smaller body frame ...

Dry fermented sausages with different fat contents were produced (10%, 20% and 30%). The effect of fat content and ripening time on sensory characteristics, lipolysis, lipid oxidation and volatile compounds generation was studied. Also, the key aroma components were identified using gas chromatography (GC) and olfactometry. High fat sausages showed ...

We investigated the effect of antioxidant supplementation on mitochondrial function, fat distribution, and lipid and glucose metabolism in HIV-1-infected patients with antiretroviral therapy (ART)-related lipoatrophy. 61 ART-treated HIV-1-infected patients with lipoatrophy were randomized to receive either n-acetyl-L-carnitine (n = 21), lipoic acid + n-acetylcisteine (LA/NAC) (n = 20), or no supplementation (n = 20) for 48 weeks. At ...

An experiment with 94 fattening pigs (48 gilts and 46 barrows) was conducted to determine the effect of feeding 25% restricted diets at different body weights on meat quality and fatty acid profile of M. longissimus thoracis (LT). During the 84days of the experiment (4 periods, 21days each), animals with ...

Decreased energy intake in older persons poses these people at risk of progressive weight loss. It may result from a failure to regulate energy intake and expenditure after periods of underfeeding. The objective of this study was to investigate if a period of underfeeding differentially influences energy intake of older ...

Hepatocyte cell death is a characteristic indication in the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we examined the potential mechanism(s) involved in the development of liver injury using a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet feeding NASH model. Male C57BL6/J mice were fed ...

The properties of fat are of major importance when meat products are produced. By enzymatic modification triacylglycerols (TAGs) can be converted to diacylglycerols (DAGs) resulting in changes of the physical and chemical properties of the fat. In this study the texture as well as the hydration and binding properties were ...

Dairy products contain vitamin D and other nutrients that may be beneficial for lung function, but they are also high in fats that may have mixed effects on lung function. However, the overall associations of dairy intake with lung density and lung function have not been studied. We examined the ...

Nutrient composition, particularly the omega-6/omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio, may differently affect inflammatory mediators production in tissues, which could be causally related to increased cancer incidence in obesity. We evaluated prostaglandin E2 levels in male Wistar rat prostate, kidney and testicle tissues after 15 days of either a high fat, ...

Postprandial lipemia (PPL) is associated with vascular dysfunction and may be an etiologic factor in the progression of atherogenic cardiovascular disease. In 10 men with paraplegia and 10 able-bodied men, the magnitude of the PPL responses and the relationship of abdominal adiposity and the PPL responses were determined. Anthropometrics, dual ...

The favorable metabolic effects of telmisartan have been attributed to its angiotensin II receptor blockade and action as a partial agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma. We previously reported that administration of telmisartan markedly inhibited lipid accumulation in the liver in mice fed a high-fat diet. In the present study, ...

To evaluate the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships of morning cortisol with trunk fat and resting blood pressure (BP) in children. Participants included 72 children aged 4-10 years (mean 7.4 yrs) for the cross-sectional analysis and 58 for the longitudinal analysis. Height, weight, waist circumference, body fat by dual x-ray absorptiometry, ...