Chronic fructose treatment in rats repeatedly has been shown to elevate blood pressure associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin system, vascular hypertrophy, and sodium retention by the kidney tubules have been proposed to be some of the mechanisms by which insulin ...

We explored the possibility that quantitative analysis of the relationship between sucrose concentration and sham intake differentiated how various treatments affected the intake of sweet solutions. Rats were sham fed sucrose solutions varying in concentration from 0.03125 to 1.5 M. Under different treatment conditions, intake concentration functions were generated that ...

The effect of a low dose of glucocorticoids on dentin formation and progression of dental caries was studied in young rats. The animals were inoculated in the mouth with Streptococcus sobrinus and fed ad libitum a high-sucrose, a high-starch, or a reference diet. The cortisone or placebo pellet was implanted ...

Olestra is a class of sucrose-fatty acid polyesters intended for use as a non-caloric replacement of edible oil. Genotoxicity and subchronic toxicity studies were conducted to determine whether olestra could form genotoxic or toxic breakdown products during simulated commercial use. Heated olestra was prepared for these studies by batch-frying potato ...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of a single dose of a non-absorbable fat substitute, sucrose polyester, on gastrointestinal function. METHODS: The effects of 50 g of sucrose polyester taken as a single drink on gastric emptying, small bowel transit time (SBTT), whole gut transit time (WGTT) and faecal weight compared ...

The aims of the present study were (a) to maintain the structure and function of the small intestine of the piglet after weaning, and (b) to compare the capacity in vivo of sucking and weaned piglets to digest oral boluses of lactose and sucrose and absorb their monosaccharide products. Piglets ...

To evaluate the separate contributions of distension and nutrient stimulation of the stomach to the inhibition of short-term food intake and, particularly, to reassess previous analyses based on the inflatable gastrointestinal cuff, four experiments were performed. Rats equipped with pyloric cuffs and indwelling gastric catheters consumed a liquid diet ad ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the consequences of the acarbose-induced attenuation of postprandial glycemia and insulinemia on plasma lipid concentrations and on tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. Rats were fed a high-sucrose diet ad libitum for two weeks. On the day of the experiment, half of the ...

A xylitol-induced reduction in dentin formation has been observed in molars of post-weanling rats, but the effect in older animals with a slower rate of secondary dentinogenesis has not been investigated. We examined the effects of different concentrations of dietary xylitol on dentinogenesis in molars of young adult rats. The ...

Chronic exposure to mild unpredictable stress (CMS) has previously been found to decrease hedonic responsiveness, as measured by the consumption of palatable sweet solutions or sensitivity to brain stimulation reward. These effects are reversed by chronic treatment with antidepressant drugs, and the CMS procedure has been proposed as a relatively ...

In rodents, a number of intestinal digestive and absorptive processes demonstrate a diurnal pattern of activity. To investigate if the jejunal hexose transporters are regulated in such a diurnal fashion, the levels for the glucose and fructose transporter mRNA and proteins were determined at 6-h intervals over a 24-h control ...

OBJECTIVE: Calculogenic potential of refined sugars galactose and fructose was examined in vitamin B6 deficient and control rats in terms of their capacity to increase urinary excretion of lithogens. METHODS: Male albino rats were fed vitamin B6 deficient diet with 51.7% sucrose+ starch or galactose or fructose as the source ...

Opioid involvement in regulating the intake of highly palatable diets was studied by examining the effect of feeding either a cornstarch-based diet (CHO) or a high fat diet containing sucrose (Fat/Sucrose) on hypothalamic opioid levels. Rats received either CHO ad libitum, Fat/Sucrose ad libitum, Fat/Sucrose pair-fed to the caloric intake ...

To determine the intestinal contribution to short-term satiety for solutions of varying palatability, 10 ml of either 0.15 M NaCl or lipid (Intralipid: 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 kcal/ml) was infused at a rate of 0.5 ml/min into the duodenum of rats that were sham feeding either a liquid diet ...

Absorption of sucrose, glucose, leucine and aspartate was studied using intestinal everted sac of rats fed on french bean diets namely PDR-14, HUR-137 and HUR-15 using casein as a control. Absorption of nutrients was monitored spectrophotometrically and by 14C radio assay of metabolites using scientillation counting. The absorption pattern of ...

The urinary excretion of sucrose, glucose, and fructose was measured in 9 healthy subjects consuming a common Italian diet and after 3 days of a low sucrose diet, in which the intake of sucrose was restricted but the other main nutrients were unmodified. After the low sucrose diet, we observed ...

The effect of sweetness on appetite control has become important for two reasons. First, the problem of unwanted overconsumption associated with the tendency to gain weight. Second, the desire to lose weight by dieting. Two questions arise: does sweetness (with or without energy) contribute to over-consumption?, and does the replacement ...

In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), two separate studies examined effects on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and other cardiovascular parameters of different concentrations of sucrose compared to starches, soluble fibers (guar, psyllium), and insoluble fibers (cellulose, wheat bran). In the initial study, four diets were tested. The first diet was relatively ...

Short-term (2 weeks) effects of a high-sucrose diet on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) activities were investigated in rats. Three days of sucrose feeding significantly increased plasma TG (42 +/- 3 mg/dl vs. 56 +/- 2 mg/dl, p = 0.032), while TC increased ...

C57BL/6J (B/6J) mice are genetically predisposed to become overweight and develop hyperglycemia if raised on a high fat diet. The purpose of the present study was to explore the effect of dietary supplementation of L-glutamine (Gln), an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation, on the development of hyperglycemia and excessive weight ...

Colonic mucosal proliferation, aberrant crypt foci (ACF) induction, and fecal bile acids, parameters connected to the risk of colon cancer development, were studied in female F344 rats treated with starch or sucrose boluses or with a sucrose diet. Cell proliferation was higher in animals treated with a single sucrose bolus ...

The effect of light and seed rinsing during the germination of lentil seeds (Lens culinaris var. vulgaris, cultivar Magda-20) on the level of monosaccharides, disaccharides and alpha-galactosides (raffinose, ciceritol and stachyose) was investigated. The total soluble sugar content corresponded to about 9% of the mature seed weight, about 65% of ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the development of root surface caries in hamsters fed a high-sucrose diet over a 24-week period after inoculations of two types of cariogenic bacteria. Twenty-one day old male golden hamsters (n = 103) were divided into 5 groups. Four groups were given ...

Female Wistar rats were weaned at the age of 3 weeks and fed for 7 weeks either a high-sucrose diet, a non-cariogenic raw potato-starch diet, a high-sucrose diet with 5% xylitol supplement, a raw potato-starch diet with 5% xylitol supplement or a non-cariogenic, commercial, powdered rat food (Ewos R3) for ...

The effect of long-term sucrose intake on lipid metabolism and milk composition was examined in lactating mice and correlated with the development of their pups. Female mice were weaned onto semi-purified diets containing 685 g starch or sucrose/kg diet. Food intake was similar on the two diets. At mid-lactation, milk ...

Different carbohydrate sources in animal diets can affect feeding behavior. The absence of a diet standard, thus, has the potential to introduce a confounding factor into experiments. The main objective of this study, therefore, was to determine if the choice of either sucrose or fructose as the pure carbohydrate in ...

In addition to its caries-promoting effect, a high-sucrose diet reduces the apposition of mineralized dentin in young rats. This study was undertaken to test whether it has a similar effect on the width of the as-yet-uncalcified matrix, predentin. Female Wistar rats were weaned at the age of 3 weeks and ...

We extend a previously reported model (Chu, W.B.; Constantinides, A. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 1988, 32, 277-288) for the batch fermentation of cephalosporin C under the diauxic growth of Cephalosporium acremonium on glucose and sucrose to a fed-batch system. For this purpose, a novel lag model is proposed for diauxie, which has ...

To determine the effects of the amount of sucrose in the diet on insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism, euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps were performed on male Wistar rats after one of the following dietary treatments (n = 6-8/treatment): 1) high-starch diet (68% of total energy) for 8 wk (ST8), 16 wk (ST16), or ...

Hepatocytes were prepared from rats fed a chow diet (control-fed) and from rats fed a similar diet in which the drinking water contained 10% (wt/vol) fructose (fructose-fed). Both types of hepatocyte preparations were cultured for < or = 48 hours in supplemented Waymouth's medium containing increasing concentrations of bovine insulin ...

The effect was investigated of dietary 0.5% sodium phytate on the hepatic and serum lipid status in rats fed on sucrose for 29 or 30 days. The increase in hepatic weight, levels of hepatic total lipids, triglyceride, cholesterol, serum triglyceride and phospholipid, and the activities of hepatic NADPH-generating enzymes due ...

The onset of developmentally induced changes in rat intestinal nutrient absorption is well known: brushborder glucose and fructose transporters appear during prenatal and postweaning periods, respectively. The onset of diet-induced regulation, however, is unknown. To test the hypothesis that intestinal glucose and fructose transport is regulated by diet during weaning ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 2-week fructose feeding on plasma lipids renal function and morphology in the rats. Pair-fed rats were kept individually in metabolic cages for two weeks and given diet containing either 25% fructose or 25% starch (weight/weight). After that time under ...

To explore the mechanisms by which jejunal lactase activity is modified by carbohydrate and/or fat intake, mRNA levels and the absolute synthesis rate of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) were determined in 6-wk-old rats that were fed either low-starch diets containing long-chain triacylglycerol (LCT, 73% energy as corn oil) or medium-chain triacylglycerol ...

A diet medium containing 10% (w/v) sucrose can be inferred to be stressful to Drosophila melanogaster from the increased developmental time and reduced size and fecundity of emerging flies. The metabolic basis for this stress and the genetic response to it are of interest from the point of view of ...

In pigs, feeding is a physiological stimulus for immunoreactive parotid hormone (iPH) secretion, so the chronic and acute effects of different diets on that secretion were investigated. iPH was measured by radioimmunoassay in pig plasma, in response to feeding three test meals, over 80 days, during which the maintenance diet ...

To investigate the effects of a high sucrose diet and xylitol on secondary dentinogenesis and dentinal caries, a part of the sucrose in a high-cariogenic diet was replaced by xylitol. Fifty-four 3-wk-old Wistar rats were labeled with tetracycline and divided into groups. One group received a high sucrose diet (43% ...

1. Fructose feeding, as opposed to vegetable starch feeding, has been shown to elevate blood pressure and to decrease insulin sensitivity in normotensive rats. The long-term relevance of this is unclear, and data in hypertensive strains are scarce. 2. We studied the effects of 27 weeks of a fructose-versus a ...

Aging is associated with a decline in energy expenditure (EE), glucose intolerance, and a reduction in body nitrogen content. In addition, a reduction in the thermic response to glucose but not to fructose or protein has been reported in the elderly. The present study was conducted to further examine nutrient-induced ...

The effects of dietary mineral levels on caloric intake, nutrient choice, body weight, adipose tissue weight, interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) weight, and thermogenic capacity, and plasma insulin and glucose levels were examined in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. In Experiments 1 and 2, rats were fed a purified diet with ...

It has been shown that addition of fructose to an oral fat load results in higher postprandial concentrations of triglyceride. The present study, performed in 11 healthy volunteers, was initiated to see whether the effect of fructose on fat-induced lipemia also involved changes in postprandial concentrations of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins of ...

A recently developed indigestible dextrin (IDex) was studied for its effects on glucose tolerance in male Sprague-Dawley rats. IDex is a low viscosity, water-soluble dietary fibre obtained by heating and enzyme treatment of potato starch. It has an average molecular weight of 1600. An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted ...

This investigation concerns the effects of the ingestion during pregnancy of a sucrose diet compared with a dextrin diet on the lipid and glycogen metabolism in the liver of pregnant rats and their fetuses at days 15 and 19 of gestation. At the two time points, the pregnant rats fed ...

The consumption of, and preference for, a rewarding 0.9% sucrose solution was examined in rats subjected chronically (8 wk) to a regimen of unpredictable mild stressors. Intake of sucrose was reduced in stressed animals compared to controls after 3 wk. However, correction for body weight changes revealed no significant difference ...

Taste preferences and sensory estimates of sweetness and fat content of 16 dairy stimuli with varying levels of fat (0%, 3.5%, 10.5% and 37.6%) and sucrose (0%, 5%, 10% and 20%) were compared in members of a Division I college women's swim team and women who did not engage in ...

The purpose of this study is to determine the ability of a group of older adults to distinguish between a new artificial sweetener (Sweet One) and sucrose and to determine a sweetener preference among older adults. Participants (n = 112), 56-90 yrs. sampled a plain low-fat blended cottage cheese and ...

The effect of sucrose in the diet of children and adolescents with type I diabetes on long-term metabolic control was studied. For a mean observation period of 83 (range 42-127) days, a diet containing 5% of total calories as refined sugar was recommended to 11 children (group A, mean age ...

To assess the possible participation of liver microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase in the hypocholesterolemic effect of fish oil (FO) in rats with hereditary hypertriglyceridemia (derived from the Wistar strain, obtained from VELAZ, Prague, Czech Rep.), male animals were fed a basal diet (BD) or a high sucrose diet ...

The regulation of feeding behavior in adult Drosophila melanogaster includes such elements as ingestion responsiveness, volume ingested in a single meal, food storage in the crop and rate of defecation. Our results suggest that feeding behavior varies in a manner dependent on feeding regime (food-deprived or ad-libitum-fed) and nutritional state. ...

Ovariectomized (Ovx) or sham-operated (Cnt) and tetracycline-labelled growing rats were fed either a commercial powdered standard rat diet (Ovx and Cnt) or a high-sucrose diet (Ovxsuc and Cntsuc). All animals were inoculated in the mouth with Streptococcus sobrinus. At 11 weeks of age the areas of caries lesions and dentinal ...