It has been postulated that subjects with high levels of oral sensory perception and motor ability are able to achieve higher standards of oral hygiene even under different dietary regimes. In this study, eleven dental personnel volunteers were started on a low-sucrose diet for one week, followed by a high-sucrose ...

Erythrocytes were stored at 4 degrees C in solutions of phosphate-buffered saline containing 2,3-butanediol and 4% (w/w) trehalose, sucrose, sorbitol, or mannitol. The 2,3-butanediol contained 96.7% (w/w) racemic mixture of the levo and dextro isomers and only 3.1% (w/w) of the meso isomer (2,3-butanediol 97% dl). The concentrations of 2,3-butanediol ...

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the action of sucrose- and fat-containing foods on the size of eating episodes (satiation) and postingestive energy intake (satiety). DESIGN: The study was a 2 x 2 within-subjects design, each subject received each of four conditions in a counterbalanced order. SETTING: The study was carried out ...

To understand the regulation of fructose transport in the small intestine and kidney, we provided rats with "control" diets (46% glucose as starch) and with diets enriched in fructose, glucose, or sucrose (60% each of simple carbohydrate) and measured the concentration of facilitative glucose transporter isoform (GLUT5) protein and mRNA ...

To determine the effects of sucrose-enriched feeds on somatic growth, blood pressure development, and insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism, Sprague-Dawley rat pups (n = 94) were randomly assigned at weaning (3 wk) to a control diet (15% sucrose, by calories, n = 48) or an isocaloric diet in which starch is replaced ...

To determine whether chronic high-fructose feeding causes insulin resistance and hypertension in normal dogs, we fed 10 male dogs a normosodic diet containing 60% of the calories as fructose for 20 to 28 days; a control group of 8 dogs was fed a similar diet containing dextrose instead of fructose. ...

Nineteen young male normolipidemic volunteers sequentially consumed three test meals consisting of cream only, sucrose only, or cream with sucrose. These oral fat-tolerance tests showed an amplification of the postprandial excursion of serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations when sucrose was included in a lipid-rich meal compared with both the cream-only ...

The effect of different dietary carbohydrates (sucrose, cornstarch and high amylose cornstarch) on intestinal carcinogenesis was studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats treated subcutaneously with azoxymethane (AOM) at a weekly dose of 8 mg/kg body wt for 8 wk. The diets, high in fat and low in calcium and fiber, were ...

The aim of this cross-over study was to determine the cariogenic potential of starchy food items as between-meal snacks. This was done by measuring demineralization of human enamel and dentin as well as the pH of dental plaque in situ. Eight volunteers with complete dentures carried two enamel and two ...

Effects of milk fat and sucrose substitutes on selected physical and sensory properties of a frozen dessert system were evaluated by sensory and instrumental methods. Analysis of variance revealed no significant differences in textural attributes between sucrose and polydextrose-aspartame in freshly prepared frozen desserts and few differences after storage (140 ...

An increase in dietary energy from carbohydrates is usually associated with a moderate increase in fasting plasma triglycerides--but not cholesterol--in the first weeks after the change. In the long-term the triglyceride returns to or to near the original concentration. Ordinary intakes of sucrose or fructose do not have any special ...

The influence of glucose-, sucrose- and starch-containing diets on the synthesis and secretion of lipoprotein in the density range of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) was studied via primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Apolipoprotein B secreted by hepatocytes from rats fed a sucrose diet was significantly more than ...

We examined whether a modification of a starch into an alpha-amylase resistant form can lead to a reduction of postprandial glucose and insulin responses, and consequently to a change of lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue. For this purpose, a processed starch was prepared using a cornstarch (70% amylose ...

To examine the effect of ketone body utilization on sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, norepinephrine (NE) turnover was measured in heart and interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) of rats fed diets enriched with D(-)3-hydroxybutyrate (3OHB), the naturally occurring isomer of hydroxybutyrate. Isoenergetic substitution of 3OHB for chow for 4 days ...

Influences of galactosylsucrose and xylosylfructoside on body mass gain, the digestive tract mass and concentrations of organic acids such as acetic, propionic, butyric, lactic and succinic acid in the cecum were compared among rats fed a cholesterol-enriched fiber-free diet [cholesterol 6 + cholic acid 1.5 (g/kg)] containing either galactosylsucrose, xylosylfructoside ...

Earlier studies indicated that feeding rats a high-sucrose diet for 1 wk decreases the intrinsic rate of intradentinal dye penetration in molar teeth. Because intradentinal dye penetration appears to be controlled by a parotid hormone, we investigated the chronic effect of a high-sucrose diet on basal parotid hormone secretion in ...

Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), an antipsychotic medication, was investigated to determine the effects on the stimulated flow and composition of saliva and on caries development in rats. Lithium carbonate was delivered via osmotic pumps at 10, 15 and 60 mg/kg/day. All animals were infected with Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 and fed a ...

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake in male Fischer 344 rats, age 6, 12, and 27 mo, fed either a sucrose (S: 66.6% sucrose, 17.6% protein, 6.4% fat) or sucrose-free (SF: 66.6% starch, 17.6% protein, 6.4% fat) diet for 3 mo. Skeletal muscle ...

Fructose found in modern diets as a constituent of the disaccharide sucrose is absorbed by a well-characterized absorptive system integrating enzymatic hydrolysis of the disaccharide and transfer of the resulting two monosaccharides through the apical membrane of the epithelial cell. The increasing use of high-fructose syrups and crystalline fructose prompted ...

An experiment was conducted to study the influence of three different forms of chromium (CrCl3.6H2O, Na2CrO4.4H2O and Cr2O3) on the utilization of two carbohydrates (glucose and cornstarch) by juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus). Average initial body weight of the fish was 1.13 +/- 0.02 g. Fish were ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess in diabetic subjects the effects of dietary sucrose on glycemia and lipemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Twelve type II diabetic subjects consumed, in random order, two isocaloric, 55% carbohydrate study diets for 28 days. In one diet, 19% of energy was derived from sucrose. In the other ...

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) has a key role in the regulation of hepatic lipogenesis by dietary factors. We have investigated the effects of dietary carbohydrate and fat on hepatic PDC. Sucrose-based or starch-based diets were administered for 15 days. A positive correlation between PDC activity and the lipogenic potential of ...

The present study was conducted to investigate whether there was any effect of carbohydrate sources on the magnitude of differences in growth and tissue weights found between germ-free and conventional environments in the chicken. Germ-free and conventional birds were allowed free access to a purified diet in which glucose or ...

In this study we examined the ability of intraperitoneal cholecystokinin COOH-terminal octapeptide (CCK-8; 0.2, 0.6, and 2.0 micrograms/kg) to suppress food intake in rats that had consumed a control diet, 6-8 g.kg-1.day-1 of ethanol (EtOH) in sucrose, or sucrose alone for 6 mo. Both the EtOH- and sucrose-fed rats developed ...

The effect of dietary fructose vs. glucose on kidney calcification (nephrocalcinosis) was studied in female rats. Fructose or glucose was incorporated into purified diets formulated either according to the nutrient requirements of rats or made nephrocalcinogenic by the addition of phosphorus (19.4 instead of 12.9 mmol/100 g diet) or by ...

Sucrose feeding over a long period has been reported to induce glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening and insulin resistance in normal rats. These effects are attributed to the fructose moiety of the sucrose molecule, to Cu deprivation or both. Consequently, our aim was to evaluate the long-term effects of fructose ...

An earlier study showed that frequent gum chewing may enhance parotid gland function and reduce the acidogenicity of dental plaque. The aim now was to determine whether these effects would be observed after a 2-week period of diet altered to increase masticatory effort, and secondarily to assess the effects of ...

Recent studies suggest the linkage of hypertension and insulin resistance. High fructose diet is known to induce hyperinsulinemia and hypertension in rats. In a previous study, however, high fructose (66%) diet failed to elevate blood pressure but increased left ventricular weight in Sprague-Dawley rats. In the present study, we investigated ...

Eight male runners performed four 2-hr treadmill runs at 65% VO2max in the heat (35 degrees C, 15-20% RH). A different beverage was offered each trial and subjects drank ad libitum for 2 min every 20 min. The beverages were, 6% carbohydrate (CHO) solution (NC 6), 6% carbonated-CHO solution (C ...

Effects of feeding sucrose rich diet supplemented with and without the insulinmimetic agent vanadate for a period of six weeks were studied in rats. Sucrose diet caused hypertriglyceridemia (140% increase), hyperinsulinemia (120% increase) and significant elevations in the levels of glucose (p < 0.001) and cholesterol (p < 0.05) in ...

The insulin-like effects of vanadate were compared in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed on high starch control and high sucrose diets for a period of six weeks. Diabetic rats in both diet groups were characterized by hypoinsulinemia, hyperglycemia (6.8-7.0 fold increase) and significant decreases (p < 0.001) in the activities of ...

Weanling specific pathogen-free Osborne-Mendel rats were fed a high-calcium, high-phosphorus diet with various levels of sucrose and inoculated with Streptococcus sobrinus strain 6715-13WT and Actinomyces viscosus strain OMZ-105 in order to determine whether calculus and caries could develop simultaneously. Rats consumed diets designated RC-16-5, RC-16-25, or RC-16-50 which partially replaced ...

We studied the effects of sucrose or starch in the diet (460 g/kg diet) on fecal bile acid concentrations in Sprague Dawley rats after 4 wk of feeding. Total bile acid concentration in the feces was significantly lower in the rats fed the starch diet than in those fed the ...

We have previously shown that thermolyzed sucrose in the diet promotes the growth of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in the rat. HPLC analysis of the light caramel colored product showed that it contained 1% 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF), confirmed by mass and NMR spectroscopy. To determine whether HMF was responsible for the ...

Unlike other adult mammals, golden hamsters voluntarily consume substantial amounts of the disaccharide sugar lactose. It was hypothesized that the hamster's readiness to consume lactose depends upon its possession of a pregastric pouch in which ingested lactose is broken down into its constituent monosaccharides, thus preventing the aversive gastrointestinal symptoms ...

The JCR:LA-corpulent rat is a strain exhibiting marked obesity and metabolic derangements characterized by hyperlipidemia due to hypersecretion of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and severe insulin resistance. The corpulent male rats spontaneously develop atherosclerosis and ischemic myocardial lesions. Male corpulent rats were treated with acarbose in the presence and absence of ...

The effect of dietary starch and sucrose on colon proliferation and the growth of foci of dysplastic crypts in the colon (FDC) were studied in female Sprague-Dawley rats, treated p.o. with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). The animals were fed for 30 and 105 days with high fat (23% w/w corn oil) diets ...

Cyanobacteria Spirulina maxima from Texcoco Lake in Mexico was administered as a 5% component of a purified diet, to Wistar rats together with a high percentage of fructose (60%) and its effect on several lipid fractions of plasma and liver was studied and compared to those of rats fed purified ...

Estradiol treatment of starving immature rainbow trout dramatically alters the metabolic performance of isolated hepatocytes. One and two weeks postimplantation with estradiol, the rate of de novo glucose synthesis from [14C]alanine is reduced fourfold from 0.4 mumol/g/hr to 0.1 mumol/g/hr, compared with vehicle-injected control fish. After 6 weeks, the rate ...

The expression of some faecal hydrolytic enzymes in rats fed for 4 months on sucrose or starch enriched diets was compared with a standard diet. The assay reliability was confirmed for animal and experimental variability. The beta-D-glucuronidase and beta-D-glucosidase activities were always higher in rats fed on starch than on ...

Adults (35-45 yr old) and children (5 and 12 yr old) recently arrived in Israel from rural areas in Ethiopia were examined. Caries levels were low: e.g. DMFT = 0.31 among 12-yr-olds, and 1.27 amongst adults. The 5-yr-olds were 86.8% caries-free, while 12-yr-olds were 81.8% and adults 54% caries-free respectively. ...

To determine the effect of phenytoin (PHT) on dentin apposition and the rate of caries progression in dentin, 40 Wistar rats were treated daily for 35 days with intraperitoneal injections of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin. Twenty-eight controls received saline with pH adjusted to that of PHT. One PHT and one control group were ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the metabolic effects of chronic dietary fructose consumption in diabetic subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Six type I and 12 type II diabetic subjects consumed, in random order, two isocaloric study diets for 28 days. In one diet, 20% of energy was derived from fructose. In the ...

Female Aedes aegypti (L.) of two different body sizes and provided with different diets (20% sucrose, water only, or 20% sucrose + human blood) were marked and released together in a rural Thai village. Recaptured marked and unmarked (wild) adults were tested for fructose by the cold-anthrone reaction. Both released ...

1. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) activity was measured in several tissues of rats fed for 7 or 15 days on control, or high-sucrose or high-fat diets. 2. Total activity in adipose tissue increased in the three groups 3-4 fold as compared with chow-fed animals in the first week. Total activity ...

Casein instead of soybean protein in a low fat, cholesterol-free diet containing sucrose increases both lipid secretion by rat liver and plasma cholesterol concentration. Male rats were studied to determine whether dietary sucrose is a prerequisite for these protein-induced differences of lipid metabolism in vivo. After 6 wk of consuming ...

The minimum amount of fluoride which, when added to sucrose, will reduce caries in an intra-oral test was determined. Removable lower-arch appliances were worn by three adult subjects for 1 week, during which time plaque-covered enamel on one side was immersed in a 10 percent sucrose solution containing fluoride for ...

Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor associated with cardiovascular disease. Dietary modification is effective in achieving and maintaining improved serum lipid levels. Nutritional care provided by a dietitian includes individual dietary and lifestyle assessment, formulating an appropriate dietary regimen, education, and follow-up assessments.

The aim of this investigation was to study how a change to the dietary regimen of the Weight Watchers' (WW) affected salivary secretion rate, buffer effect and number of cariogenic bacteria. Thirty-three women joining the WW were saliva sampled at the evening prior the day of the start of the ...

To determine if dietary fructose causes adverse metabolic effects, we used a crossover design to compare a diet containing 20% of energy from fructose with an isoenergic high-starch diet that contained less than 3% fructose. Fourteen healthy subjects consumed each diet for 28 d. There were no significant differences between ...