BACKGROUND: We investigated whether dietary patterns were associated with cardiovascular risk factors in 518 elderly men (70-89 years), using data from the 30-year follow-up survey of the Zutphen Study. METHODS: Dietary intake was estimated by cross-check dietary history. We used cluster analysis to aggregate individuals into four groups, characterized by ...

A 39-year-old man presented with type III hyperlipoproteinemia in association with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). He had extensive tuberous xanthomas over the knees and elbows and xanthomas in the Achilles tendons. He also had palmar xanthomas. He exhibited severe hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. This patient was heterozygous for FH, as evidenced ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative efficacy in general practice of dietary advice given by a dietitian, a practice nurse, or a diet leaflet alone in reducing total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration. DESIGN: Randomised six month parallel trial. SETTING: A general practice in Oxfordshire. SUBJECTS: 2004 subjects aged 35-64 ...

The effect of diets containing olive-oil-fried sardines (diet 1) or sunflower-oil-fried sardines (diet 3) upon the serum cholesterol-raise induced by dietary cholesterol was studied after a 4-week experiment in growing Wistar rats. Results of diet 1 were compared to those obtained in diets containing casein plus olive oil (diet 2), ...

In 44 very low-birth-weight infants, fecal cholesterol excretion was measured and in 29 other infants serum total cholesterol concentrations in response to different cholesterol intakes were studied. The infants received fortified breast milk (mean cholesterol content 15.3 mg/dl) or were fed either a standard preterm formula (cholesterol content 5.5 mg/dl) ...

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new formulation of colestipol provided in table form. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, dose-ranging study. A total of 196 patients with primary hypercholesterolemia who were following a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet (NCEP Step I diet), ...

Reduced plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). In this study, we examined the sequential effects of an isocaloric American Heart Association (AHA) step I diet and a hypocaloric AHA step I diet (AHA step I diet + weight loss) on ...

The ingestion of garlic has been reported to have many cardiovascular effects, including a reduction in plasma cholesterol concentration and the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised crossover study was conducted in subjects with mild to moderate hypercholesterolaemia who were subject to strict dietary supervision and assessment. ...

Interventions to avoid atherosclerosis might be more successful if launched early in life when eating and life-style patterns are formed, but dietary interventions have been limited by fears of diet-induced growth failure. We investigated the effects of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol on serum lipid concentrations and ...

The relationship of oats and buckwheat intake to cardiovascular disease risk factors was studied in 850 Yi people, an ethnic minority in southwest China. Blood pressure was measured on 3 consecutive days. Serum total cholesterol, high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured after a 14-h fast. Oats and buckwheat intakes ...

1. We measured the hepatic secretion of very-low-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B-100 (VLDL apoB) using a stable-isotope gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method in six obese subjects [three males, three females, age 41.5 +/- 3.4 years (mean +/- SEM), weight 105.0 +/- 4.8 kg, plasma total cholesterol concentration 6.2 +/- 0.4 mmol/l, triacylglycerol ...

We studied the effects of dietary cholesterol intake on lipid and lipoprotein levels in healthy young women (n = 13) who were otherwise eating an American Heart Association (AHA) diet. The study used a randomized, three-way crossover design to determine the effects of 0, 1, or 3 eggs added per ...

We examined the effect of the positional distribution of fatty acids within dietary triglycerides on serum lipoproteins. Sixty subjects consumed two diets of equal fatty acid composition for 3 wk each. In the palm oil diet 82% of palmitic acid was attached to the outer two carbon atoms of glycerol, ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of a home-based, parent-child autotutorial (PCAT) dietary education program on the dietary knowledge, lipid consumption, and plasma low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) of 4- to 10-year-old children with elevated plasma LDL-C. METHODS: "At-risk" children (screening total cholesterol, (TC), exceeded 4.55 mmol/L and average LDL-C from two ...

The effects of fruit and vegetables in conjunction with low-energy diet as adjuncts to a prudent diet were compared for 6 months in a randomized, single blind trial in the management of 202 group A and 204 group B patients with acute myocardial infarction. Dietary intakes were obtained based on ...

OBJECTIVES: The effect of a fish oil preparation, K-85, in which the omega-3 fatty acid content was concentrated to 92% of total fat, on serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations was investigated in patients with primary hypertriglyceridaemia. DESIGN: The study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. SETTING: Seven centres participated in ...

The effect of starch and sugars on blood sugar level and renal excretion of sugars and galactitol was investigated. Fifty-nine adult cats were divided into seven dietary groups (carbohydrate content in dry matter): STARCH (29-37% starch, decomposed or raw), SUC (36% sucrose), LAC1 and LAC2 (11 and 28% lactose, respectively), ...

The present study examined plasma lipoprotein, lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and insulin levels in men with borderline hypertension (diastolic blood pressure 85 to 94 mm Hg) compared with age-matched normotensive control subjects (diastolic blood pressure less than or equal to 80 mm Hg, n = 75 + 75). High-density lipoprotein ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the bulk-forming laxative, psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid (PHM), reduces the gastrointestinal side effects and enhances the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of cholestyramine resin in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. DESIGN: After a dietary lead-in period and 6 weeks of treatment with cholestyramine, the study followed a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover format. ...

Using a density-gradient ultracentrifugation technique, we analyzed in detail the plasma lipoprotein profiles of 18 patients with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (FD) who had apolipoprotein (apo) E2(Arg158-->Cys) homozygosity (the E2-158 variant, n = 6), apoE3-Leiden heterozygosity (the E3-Leiden variant, n = 6), or apoE2(Lys146-->Gln) heterozygosity (the E2-146 variant, n = 6), with ...

This multinational, 16-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy and safety of low-dose pravastatin in 325 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and hypercholesterolemia [serum total cholesterol concentrations of 5.2-7.8 mmol/l (200 to 300 mg/dl)]. Patients were randomized to receive pravastatin 10 mg or matching placebo with doubling of ...

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of the step 1 diet in outpatient women with hypercholesterolemia has been debated. METHODS: Forty-one normotriglyceridemic women whose low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were 3.62 to 5.17 mmol/L (140 to 200 mg/dL) participated in a two-period outpatient diet counseling study that used a 1-month high-fat, high-saturated fatty ...

OBJECTIVES: To date, no measurement of serum lipid levels in healthy adult Ghanaians have been carried out. This study was undertaken with the objective of providing reference values for serum lipid levels in the Ghanaian population. DESIGN/SETTING: Fasting serum lipid levels were measured in 79 adult Ghanaians living in an ...

BACKGROUND: The recommendation to lower saturated fat intake is often interpreted as requiring the elimination of beef to control or lower serum cholesterol levels. The study hypothesis was that the Step I Diet (8% to 10% of energy intake from saturated fatty acids) containing beef would have the same effect ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of a limited dietary intervention delivered by dietitians in a single counseling session on plasma lipid levels in free-living subjects with hyperlipidemia. DESIGN: A 2-month, nonrandomized comparative study of dietary counseling efficacy in subjects with hyperlipidemia. Dietary instruction was conducted in a lipid clinic by ...

To determine whether psyllium must be mixed with food to lower serum cholesterol, 18 modestly hypercholesterolemic subjects were studied for three 2-wk periods, in random order, separated by a 2-wk return to a National Cholesterol Education Program Step 2 diet. Compared with values for subjects consuming control wheat-bran cereal (63 ...

Serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and apoB concentrations were estimated and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were calculated in 132 children aged 11.4-17.3 years. The effect of feeding was investigated by estimating postprandial values and also by studying the effects of a test meal. ...

The effect of treatment with a combination of ephedrine and caffeine during eight weeks' energy restriction (4.2 MJ/day) on the fasting plasma lipid profile was studied in obese women. Thirty-two women were randomly assigned to either ephedrine 20 mg plus caffeine 200 mg (EC) or placebo three times per day. ...

OBJECTIVE: (i) To carry out a quantitative analysis of the average serum cholesterol levels in different countries in relationship to the ischaemic heart disease (IHD) mortality in these countries. (ii) To examine changes in serum cholesterol levels over time in different countries. DESIGN: Analysis of published surveys measuring average serum ...

We served a low-fat (28% of energy), high-fiber (3.3 g/MJ) diet according to Nordic nutrition recommendations (Rec diet), and a high-fat diet (39% of energy) corresponding to the average Danish diet (Dane diet) for periods of 2 wk in a randomized crossover study of 21 healthy middle-aged individuals. The Rec ...

To see if a modest amount of soluble fiber reduced blood lipids in subjects with hyperlipidemia who were on a low-fat diet, 42 subjects (21 men, 21 women) consuming an American Heart Association step 2 diet took two servings of breakfast cereal daily for two 2-week periods in a randomized ...

We studied the effect of a change in dietary fat composition on serum total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and growth in healthy infants between 7 and 13 months of age. The intervention families (n = 22) received individualized dietary counselling when the infant was 7, 8 and 10 months of ...

PURPOSE: Since atherosclerosis begins in childhood and cholesterol levels can track from adolescence to adulthood, early intervention to lower elevated levels may be important. Our objective was to test the effectiveness of a health education intervention in hypercholesterolemic college students. METHODS: Thirty-nine university students with plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ...

BACKGROUND: Dietary modification is the recommended first step in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. However, the efficacy of the National Cholesterol Education Program Step 1 Diet in outpatients with hypercholesterolemia has been debated. METHODS: Fifty normotriglyceridemic men whose ad libitum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were 4.14 to 5.69 mmol/L (160 ...

Twenty-one mildly hypercholesterolemic men consumed a diet that was low in fat (< 30% of energy) and cholesterol (300 mg/d) and were given muffins containing 25 g protein + 20 g dietary fiber daily from either isolated soybean protein + soybean cotyledon fiber, isolated soybean protein + cellulose, casein + ...

OBJECTIVES: To compare the long term metabolic effects of two diets for treating hyperlipidaemia. DESIGN: Randomised controlled study: after three weeks of normal (control) diet, subjects were randomly allocated to one of two test diets and followed up for six months. SETTING: Lipid clinic of tertiary referral centre in Naples. ...

Altogether 160 free living subjects (aged 30-60 years) most of whom had moderate hypercholesterolemia were randomised into the following diet groups to find out long-term effects of different fat-modified diets: (1) control diet 35/14:10:4 (energy percents from fat/saturated:monounsaturated:polyunsaturated fatty acids in actual diets); (2) AHA type diet 32/10:8:8; (3) monoene-enriched ...

OBJECTIVE: The effects of a cognitive-behavioral weight control intervention were compared in two independent-living, older adult (mean age = 70.5 years) communities. DESIGN: The research design compared the experimental community (n = 163), which received the intervention, with the control community (n = 162). SUBJECTS: Overweight individuals (> 4.5 kg ...

Garlic supplements may have an important role to play in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia. To determine the effect of garlic on serum lipids and lipoproteins relative to placebo and other lipid lowering agents, a systematic review, including meta-analysis, was undertaken of published and unpublished randomised controlled trials of garlic preparations ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of adding barley bran flour and a barley oil extract to a fat-modified diet on serum lipids in persons with hypercholesterolemia. DESIGN: The basic design of the study was a randomized, 30-day intervention trial. It included a neutral-fiber control group and a 1-week preintervention period ...

PURPOSE: This prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of gemfibrozil on the lipoprotein profile of patients with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (type III hyperlipoproteinemia). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eight patients with well-defined familial dysbetalipoproteinemia associated with the apolipoprotein (apo) E2/2 phenotype were treated with gemfibrozil (Lopid) at a dose of 600 ...

A semi-longitudinal study of the cholesterol profiles at various stages of pregnancy was conducted. The study involved 49 pregnant women who showed no physical signs of obesity, were neither hypertensive nor diabetic, and had a mean age of 24.7 +/- 4.5 (mean +/- SD). The results showed a progressive increase ...

This study was performed to see if there was any difference in cholesterol levels between three socioeconomic groups of Bougainvillian males, each with different levels of exposure to western influences. Serum cholesterol levels were measured in 50 subjects from each of 1) village people leading a traditional lifestyle, 2) town ...

To determine the interactive effects of hormones, exercise, and diet on plasma lipids and lipoproteins, serum estrogen and progesterone levels, nutrient intake, and plasma lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein concentrations were measured in 24 hypoestrogenic amenorrheic and 44 eumenorrheic female athletes. When compared to eumenorrheic athletes, amenorrheic athletes had higher levels ...

Urinary excretion of calcium and the changes in serum cholesterol fractions were investigated in 15 children with renal hypercalciuria, following 3-month hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) treatment (daily dose 1 mg/kg). Urinary calcium excretion (expressed as the ratio of calcium to creatinine) reached its lowest value after 2 weeks. It was still below ...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of transdermal 17 beta-oestradiol with oral progestogen on the plasma levels of lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in hypercholesterolaemic postmenopausal women. DESIGN: During 6 months of replacement therapy with transdermal 17 beta-oestradiol combined with oral progestogen, plasma lipids, lipoproteins and ...

Data linking low cholesterol with excess mortality have been gathered from both observational and clinical trials. The data are probably unrelated, as the levels of total cholesterol associated with excess mortality in observational studies are well below 160 mg/dl (4.1 mmol/l), whereas the levels achieved in clinical trials average around ...

OBJECTIVE: To test the effect of substituting a modified-fat cheese product into the diets of hypercholesterolemic adults. DESIGN: A 4-month, randomized, double-blind, crossover substitution trial. SETTING: General community outpatient study. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-six healthy adult volunteers (17 men, 9 women) with moderate hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol > 5.69 mmol/L but < 7.24 ...

In a strictly controlled 6-week trial with 47 healthy volunteers we have determined the effect of replacement of polyunsaturated by saturated fatty acids on the fecal steroid excretion and on the rate of whole body cholesterol synthesis, as measured both by the sterol balance method and by the concentration of ...

Because sorbitol is poorly absorbed in the small intestine, it may be the origin of large amounts of residues reaching the large intestine and may be substrate for microbial activity. An experiment was conducted to study the quantitative appearance in the portal blood of nutrients and metabolites derived from enzymatic ...