BACKGROUND:Modifiable behaviours during early childhood may provide opportunities to prevent disease processes before adverse outcomes occur. Our objective was to determine whether young children's eating behaviours were associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease in later life. METHODS:In this cross-sectional study involving children aged 3-5 years recruited from 7 pri ...

BACKGROUND: Since both dietary carbohydrate and fatty acids separately affect carbohydrate metabolism, how dietary macronutrients distribution may have different effects on carbohydrate metabolism pathways and regulation of blood glucose especially in diabetic patients. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study 750 type 2 diabetic patients (261 men and 489 women, aged 35-65 ...

The association between consumption of full-fat dairy foods and CVD may depend partly on the nature of products and may not apply to low-fat dairy foods. Increased circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers after consumption of dairy product-rich meals suggest an association with CVD. In the present study, we tested the ...

Obesity is a chronic inflammatory disease and a risk factor for disorders such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. A high-fat diet (HFD), a risk factor for obesity, has also been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A proinflammatory state characterized by systemic and local increases in cytokine and chemokine ...

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported inconsistent results on the association between serum baseline high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and in-stent restenosis (ISR) after coronary stenting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched for studies without language restriction in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library before June 2012. Inverse random weighted meta-analysis was ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship of copper and zinc dietary intakes with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents. METHODS: The sample consisted of 1,311 adolescents aged 11-16 years, and MetS definition by de Ferranti et al. was used. Nutritional intakes, anthropometrical and biochemical markers were measured. RESULTS: In males, highest quartile ...

BACKGROUND: To determine the association between fatty acid intake and the prevalence of risk factors for the metabolic syndrome. METHODS: In this population-based cross-sectional study, a sample of 2750 Tehranian subjects (44% men and 56% women) aged 20-74 years, who completed a validated food frequency questionnaire, was studied. The metabolic syndrome ...

BACKGROUND: Maternal diet during pregnancy has been suggested to influence bone health in later life. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the association of maternal first-trimester dietary intake during pregnancy with childhood bone mass. DESIGN: In a prospective cohort study in 2819 mothers and their children, we measured first-trimester daily energy, protein, fat, ...

OBJECTIVES: To study whether high intestinal cholesterol absorption may represent a cardiovascular risk factor and link ABCG8 and ABO variants to cardiovascular disease (CVD). BACKGROUND: Plant sterol-enriched functional foods are widely used for cholesterol lowering. Their regular intake yields a two-fold increase in circulating plant sterol levels which equally represent ...

BACKGROUND: Increasing dietary sodium drives the thirst response. Because sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are frequently consumed by children, sodium intake may drive greater consumption of SSBs and contribute to obesity risk. OBJECTIVE: We examined the association between dietary sodium, total fluid, and SSB consumption in a nationally representative sample of US ...

Objectives: To test whether age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and the apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype are associated with the metabolic response to an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation. Methods: 210 subjects followed a 2-week run-in period based on Canada's Food Guide and underwent a 6-week 5 g/day fish ...

OBJECTIVES: Little is known about the relationship between growth and lipoprotein profile. We aimed to analyze common genetic and environmental factors in the association of height from late childhood to adulthood and pubertal timing with serum lipid and lipoprotein subclass profile. METHODS: A longitudinal cohort of Finnish twin pairs (FinnTwin12) ...

BACKGROUND: Diet in the first 2 y of life may be a pivotal period regarding effects on future blood pressure (BP). However, data on early-life diet and BP in childhood are sparse. OBJECTIVE: We prospectively assessed associations between types of diet spanning infancy and toddlerhood (ie, transition diets across the ...

Increased levels of pro-inflammatory factors, markers of oxidative stress and lipid profiles are known to be associated with several complications. The aim of this study was to determine the association of markers of systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid profiles with insulin resistance in pregnant women in Kashan, Iran. In ...

BACKGROUND: Limited information is available regarding the impact of candy consumption on health. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between typical frequency of candy consumption and body weight status and select cardiovascular risk factors among adults in the United States. METHODS: Using data collected in the 2003--2006 ...

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) carries an increased vascular risk due to lifelong elevation of the number of circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, but also to alterations in triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism. Supplementation with eicosapentaenoic (EPA) or docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids reduced LDL particle number and/or increased LDL size in different ...

OBJECTIVEInsulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) is central to insulin signaling pathways. This study aimed to examine the association of IRS1 variants with insulin resistance (IR) and related phenotypes, as well as potential modification by diet.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSTwo IRS1 variants (rs7578326 and rs2943641) identified by genome-wide association studies as related ...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the associations of serum lipid profile with disease progression in high-risk clinically isolated syndromes (CIS) after the first demyelinating event. METHODS: High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) were obtained in pretreatment serum from 135 high risk patients with CIS ...

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this cross-sectional study was to assess whether habitual coffee consumption shows beneficial association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults. METHODS: The association of coffee consumption and MetS-related biomarkers including visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA), total serum adiponectin (T-Ad), low-molecular-weight serum adiponectin (LMW-AD), ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To evaluate the associations between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and lipid profiles in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: This study enrolled 136 patients with MS (n = 272 eyes; 108 females, 28 males, mean age: 46.7 ± 8.9 years); 45% had a history of optic neuritis (ON). Subjects received optical coherence ...

BACKGROUND: Postpartum weight retention (PPWR) can contribute to obesity development in women of reproductive age. Few studies have examined the association between postnatal diet and PPWR. OBJECTIVE: We examined both PPWR and substantial PPWR (≥4.55 kg) in association with the following dietary patterns: the alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMED) and ...

BACKGROUND: Unlike other psychological correlates of weight status, emotional eating (EmE) has received relatively limited attention in the literature. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the association between the EmE score and weight status and the influence of sex and dieting on this association. DESIGN: A total of 8580 men and ...

Predicting the grass dry matter intake (GDMI), milk yield (MY) or milk fat and protein yield (milk solids yield (MSY)) of the grazing dairy herd is difficult. Decisions with regard to grazing management are based on guesstimates of the GDMI of the herd, yet GDMI is a critical factor influencing ...

Given that calcium metabolism is influenced by genes and is tightly linked to energy-utilizing pathways, this study evaluated the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) with resting energy expenditure (REE). In 273 boys and girls, 7-12 years of age, cross-sectional REE ...

Alterations in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclass distribution, as well as in the activities of HDL-associated enzymes, have been associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. HDL subclass distribution and the activities of HDL-associated enzymes remain unknown in prediabetic patients, a condition also associated with increased CVD risk. The aim of ...

Increasing prevalence of obesity is a major health concern. Lifestyle behaviors and diet play an important role in developing childhood obesity. The aim of this study was to determine the association between major dietary patterns and overweight/obesity in a group of Iranian school-aged children. This cross-sectional study was conducted in ...

Over the last decades, a considerable body of evidence supported the hypothesis that diet and dietary factors play a relevant role in the occurrence of diseases. To date, all the major scientific associations as well as the World Health Organization and the nonscientific organizations place an ever-increasing emphasis on the ...

Contribution of diet and selected risk factors to the levels of four polyfluorinated compounds was evaluated. Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the years 2003-2008 were used. Dietary factors accounted for 10.4% to 21.2% of the explained variation. Amount of milk consumed was found to be positively ...

The diversity of the associations of dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) with dietary intake and body fatness observed in epidemiological studies may be partly due to the differences in underlying dietary intake patterns. We examined the cross-sectional associations of dietary GI and GL with food and nutrient ...

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular risk assessment incorporates measurement of atherogenic lipids such as non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C). It remains uncertain under which circumstances atherogenic lipoprotein enumeration such as LDL particle number (LDL-P) differs from simultaneously acquired non-HDL-C. METHODS: Participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) were deemed LDL-P > non-HDL-C discordant if they exhibited ...

BACKGROUND: The use of specific behavioural strategies such as portion control or meal planning is important for weight management, although studies of determinants of strategy use are limited. The present study explored the concept of hope and its association with the use of behavioural strategies. METHODS: Data were obtained from ...

Werner syndrome (WS) is a recessive disorder characterized by the premature onset of a number of age-related diseases. The objective of the present study was to examine the degree of associations between non-synonymous coding Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the WRN gene and markers of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension using ...

OBJECTIVE: Body adiposity, especially ectopic fat accumulation has a range of metabolic and cardiovascular effects. This study aimed to investigate whether thyroid function is associated with various regional fat quantities in euthyroid subjects. METHODS: A total of 100 euthyroid men (free T3, 4.77 ±1.21 pg/mL; free T4, 1.38 ± 0.21ng/dL; ...

Higher systemic levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) were found to be associated with lower gray matter volume and tissue density in old rhesus macaques. This association between IL-6, and these brain indices were attenuated by long-term 30 % calorie restriction (CR). To extend these findings, the current analysis determined ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between dietary omega-3 fatty acids and other fat intake, genes related to age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and progression to geographic atrophy (GA). DESIGN: Observational analysis of a prospective cohort. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2531 individuals from the Age-Related Eye Disease Study, among which 525 eyes progressed ...

Although probiotics and antibiotics have been used for decades as growth promoters in animals, attention has only recently been drawn to the association between the gut microbiota composition, its manipulation, and obesity. Studies in mice have associated the phylum Firmicutes with obesity and the phylum Bacteroidetes with weight loss. Proposed ...

Obesity has become one of the most important and the fastest growing health and nutritional problem, not only in developed but also in developing countries. White rice consumption causes an increase in postprandial blood glucose and could be a probable reason for obesity. This study was conducted to investigate the ...

Beneficial effects of dairy consumption in preventing obesity and metabolic syndrome have been suggested, but the association between dairy intake and insulin resistance (IR) is not clear. To test the hypothesis that higher dairy consumption is associated with lower insulin resistance, the authors investigated the association between dairy intake (taking ...

Dietary variety is positively correlated with energy intake in most studies. However, the associations between dietary variety and measures of body adiposity are inconsistent in the literature, which limits the development of clear national nutrition recommendations regarding dietary variety. In the present systematic review, we critically evaluate the associations between ...

The association between lipoprotein levels and coronary plaque composition is not well understood. The aim of this prospective international multicenter study of statin-naive individuals was to evaluate the association of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and total cholesterol (TC) to coronary plaque composition by coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA). ...

Dysregulation of the cholesterol synthesis pathway and accumulation of cholesterol in the liver are linked to the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Therefore, we investigated the association of serum and liver levels of cholesterol precursors with NASH. Liver histology was assessed in 110 obese patients [KOBS study, age 43.7±8.1 years ...

The present research examined optimism's relation with total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. The hypothesis that optimism is associated with a healthier lipid profile was tested. The participants were 990 mostly white men and women from the Midlife in the United States study, who were, on ...

OBJECTIVE: Overweight and obesity are associated with a dyslipidaemia which can be improved by weight loss. We examined whether genetic predisposition to an adverse lipid profile modifies such beneficial effects of weight loss on lipid levels in overweight and obese individuals. DESIGN AND METHODS: White European participants (n=374) who completed ...

Background: Diet is a modifiable factor that may affect sleep, but the associations of macronutrient intakes with insomnia are inconsistent. We investigated the associations of protein, fat, and carbohydrate intakes with insomnia symptoms.Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis of 4435 non-shift workers, macronutrient intakes were assessed by the brief-type self-administered diet ...

OBJECTIVE: Circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) are positively associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. We sought to replicate a previously reported interaction between APOA5 genotype and vitamin D, and to examine whether HDL-associated genetic loci modify the association between serum 25OHD and HDL cholesterol. METHODS: We examined whether ...

OBJECTIVE: Low levels of bilirubin have recently been associated with obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. Here, we hypothesized that serum bilirubin levels might be already altered in overweight asymptomatic middle-aged individuals before full development of the metabolic syndrome. METHODS: Healthy nonsmoking adults aged 25-49 (64 women and 32 men) ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of tricipital (TS), abdominal (AS), subscapular (SS), and suprailiac (SIS) skinfolds, Body Mass Index (BMI), and Waist Circumference (WC) with 1) variables related to cardiovascular risk (CVR) and 2) the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) - referenced pediatric ...

Little is known about the associations of FADS1 genetic variants with circulating levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and lipids in Asian populations who have different dietary pattern and dyslipidemia prevalence compared with western populations. In a population-based sample of 3,210 unrelated Han Chinese living in Beijing and Shanghai, we ...

Proprotein convertase subtilisin-like/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a protein involved in LDL-cholesterol metabolism. The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs11591147 has been associated with lower LDL-cholesterol and a lower risk of coronary heart disease. Because PCSK9 has high affinity to the LDL receptor, inhibiting PCSK9 is a testable therapeutic target for lipid-lowering ...

The number of circulating blood monocytes impacts atherosclerotic lesion size, and in mouse models, elevated levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol suppress blood monocyte counts and atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that individuals with mild renal dysfunction at increased cardiovascular risk would have reduced high-density lipoprotein levels, high blood monocyte counts, and accelerated ...