A crossover design was implemented using four nonlactating dairy cows [mean body weight (BW) = 678 kg] and two rations to measure the true absorption of Ca and P from corn silage. True absorption was calculated after dosing cows intravenously with 45Ca and 32P to measure endogenous fecal losses. Rations ...

Epidemiological studies have reported that Western diets are often deficient in Mg. We investigated the ability of a cocoa-derived product, used in some European countries as a dietary complement added to milk, to aid recovery from chronic Mg deficiency in rats. The animals were divided into three groups, each of ...

Caffeine is a substance which many people consume in their daily life. Caffeine's effects on bone are still controversial. Using ovariectomized rats, the present study was conducted to determine to what extent caffeine intake affects the mechanical properties, bone minerals and histology. Aged rats were divided into 2 groups after ...

As part of a study on the ingestion and organ content of some trace elements of importance in radiological protection, additional work has been undertaken to acquire improved reference values for cesium, iodine, strontium, thorium, and uranium in four selected reference materials provided by the US National Institute of Standards ...

The nature and regulation of juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis have been investigated in isolated corpora allata (CA) of adult males and females, and larvae of the tomato moth Lacanobia oleracea (Noctuidae). Larval CA (Vth day 1 to VIth day 1) appear to synthesize JH at very low rates (< 0.5 ...

We previously demonstrated that the large intestine compensated for decreased calcium (Ca) absorption caused by renal failure in rats fed a highly fermentable dietary fiber. In this study, we examined whether the large intestine compensated for insufficient Ca absorption in the rat small intestine without ingestion of a fermentable dietary ...

For clarification of the effects of smoking on mineral absorption in red blood cells (RBC) and serum, their concentrations at these sites were examined in ten male smokers and 12 male and 10 female non-smokers by fluoro-X-ray analysis. K in serum was high, and P, Ca and Fe low, compared ...

BACKGROUND: A National Institutes of Health consensus conference concluded that a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg reduces the severity of osteoporosis. Because dairy products are the main natural source of dietary calcium, a diet providing 1500 mg Ca must contain large quantities of dairy products. However, it is widely ...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of increasing supplements of citric acid (CTA) on the in vitro availability of mineral (Ca, Mg), trace elements (Mn, Zn) and heavy metals (Pb, Cd). Phytaterich diets (0.8%) based on maize, soybean meal, corn starch and soybean oil (containing ...

The influence of Ca supplementation of the usual diet for 14 d on biochemical markers of bone turnover was investigated in healthy young adults aged 21-26 years. In a crossover study, eighteen subjects (five male and thirteen female) were randomly assigned to their self-selected diet (about 22 mmol Ca/d) or ...

The parameters of thyroid function were determined in Akungba and Oke-Agbe communities of Akoko area, where goiter is endemic and compared to a control population of Erinmo and Ifewara in Ijesha area, both areas being in southwestern Nigeria. The two study areas have similar physical and geological settings. However, while ...

Tea is potentially a rich source of some dietary metals and approximately 70 l are drunk per capita per year in the UK. In particular, tea may be an important source of Mn, since leaf tea contains 350-900 micrograms g-1 of this essential element. However, the leaching and bioavailability of ...

We studied the extent of kidney calcification by varying dietary levels of Mg, based on pathological examinations and calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) balance tests. AIN-76 diets containing varying levels of Mg--0.3 (-M), 1.3 (1/20M), 2.4 (1/10M), 9.2 (1/5M), 19 (control), 38 (2M), 102 (5M), and 187 (10M) mmol/kg diet--were ...

1. Three battery experiments were conducted with broiler chicks during the 2nd and 3rd week of life. Graded amounts of cholecalciferol (D3) were added to maize-soyabean meal diets that were designed to be (a) severely deficient in available phosphorus (P), (b) marginally deficient in calcium (Ca) or (c) adequate in ...

The specific effects of phytic acid (PA) and resistant starch (RS) on mineral bioavailability, namely, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Cu, were investigated in rats adapted to semipurified diets. The diets provided either 73 g/100 g digestible wheat starch (DS) alone, or 53 g/100 g DS plus 20 g/100 g ...

OBJECTIVE: In contrast with the endemic goiter reported in several African countries, the nomadic Bororos of the Central African Republic have an unexpectedly low prevalence of goiter. This study was conducted to elucidate this puzzling observation. DESIGN: Thyroid function and iodine and thiocyanate intakes were evaluated in Bororos and inhabitants ...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of Ca intake and serum Ca levels during the third trimester of pregnancy with levels of the same mineral in transition milk (days 13-14 of lactation) and mature milk (day 40 of lactation). The study subjects were a group ...

In Experiment 1 six dose levels (range 0.66-2000 microg) of progesterone (P) and two synthetic progestins with a double bond at C6: megestrol acetate (MA) and chlormadinone acetate (CA), which cannot be reduced at C5, were injected to estrogen-primed (2 microg estradiol benzoate 42 h earlier) ovariectomized (ovx) rats. The ...

Current epidemiological surveys in the Western Pacific (Guam, and Kii Peninsula and West New Guinea) have suggested that low calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and high aluminum (Al) and manganese (Mn) in river, soil and drinking water may be implicated in the pathogenetic process of foci of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) ...

Crossbred growing-finishing pigs (n = 120) were used to investigate the effect of three dietary Ca:total P (tP) ratios (1.5:1, 1.3:1, or 1.0:1) on P utilization in low-P corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with microbial phytase at 500 phytase units/kg. The basal grower (23 to 54 kg BW) diet contained .39% ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to assess the influence of different levels of calcium (Ca) in a diet containing 30% protein on the rehabilitated of the body size from protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and to establish the optimal Ca/protein ratio for attaining a normal body composition. METHODS: Weanling female ...

Tibolone (Org OD14), (7alpha, 17alpha)-17-hydroxy-7-methyl-19-norpregn-5(10)-en-20-yn++ +-3-one, is a synthetic steroid with weak estrogenic, progestational, and androgenic properties. We investigated the prophylactic effects of tibolone on bone loss, bone strength, and plasma and urinary parameters in 8-month-old ovariectomized rats on a low-Ca diet. Oral administration of tibolone (0.03-3 mg/kg/day) was started ...

We examined the effect of ingested casein phosphopeptides (CPP) on intestinal calcium (Ca) absorption and determined the minimum effective dose for enhancement of Ca absorption under conditions of marginal dietary Ca levels. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, divided upon weaning into five groups, were fed a control diet (isolated soyprotein, ISP; 20%) ...

The calcium (Ca)-restricted diet of urolithiasis patients with absorptive hypercalciuria type II may decrease Ca excretion but increase biochemical markers of risk for osteopenia. We randomly allocated 25 patients from six hospitals into an experimental group (Ca restriction to 500 mg/day, oxalate-rich products discouraged and normalization of animal protein and ...

Epidemiological evidence suggests that millet might play a role in the etiology of endemic goiter. Recently, we showed that a traditional fermentation procedure of two pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L. Lecke) cultivars grown in Sudan modified their effects on the weight of the thyroid gland and thyroid hormone profile in ...

Horseradish peroxidase has been used to generate iodine compositions that comprised principally free molecular iodine. The concentration of free molecular iodine in these enzyme-based compositions ranged from 44 to 63% of the thiosulphate titratable iodine; this is substantially higher than the corresponding value for the povidone-iodine preparation betadine. The biocidal ...

The effect of microbial phytase supplementation on CP and amino acid (AA) digestibility was investigated in a 28-d trial using 360 sexed, day-old broiler chickens fed corn-soybean meal diets. The experimental design was a completely randomized one with a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The variables included P ...

A 10-d trial was conducted to investigate the relationship of Ca particle size (CPS), dietary Ca level (DCL), limestone source (LS), limestone solubility in vitro (LST) and in vivo (LSV), and limestone retention in the gizzard (LRG). A total of 120 molted Leghorn hens, 88 wk of age, were randomly ...

In order to deepen our knowledge of the dietary habits of the prehispanic inhabitants of El Hierro, we have determined bone strontium (Sr), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and calcium (Ca) in 52 human tibiae (23 belonging to males and 20 to females individuals) buried in a ...

Nutrient oxidation was calculated from gas exchange measurements for 6 control and 12 flush fed female mink, measured in six consecutive, one week periods. The energy supply to controls and flushed animals in periods 1 and 6 was ca 850 kJ ME/day, and during restriction and flush feeding, it was ...

The role of iodine deficiency in stillbirth/perinatal weak calf syndrome was investigated in pregnant heifers. Five heifers were fed an iodine deficient diet (mean [sd] iodine concentration 0.06 [0.01] mg/kg dry matter [DM]) and six received an iodine sufficient diet (mean [sd] iodine concentration 1.45 [0.27] mg/kg DM). The diets ...

The effect of long-term differences in diet composition on whole-body acid-base status was examined in thirty-three young healthy females. The volunteers were recruited from two separate groups matched approximately for age, height and weight; one group regularly ate meat (omnivores; n 20) and one group did not (vegetarians; n 13). ...

Microbial phytase hydrolyzes poorly degradable vegetable phytate P in the gastrointestinal tract of poultry; thereby increasing the availability of organic P to an extent that remains to be established. For this purpose, the P equivalency value of phytase in corn-soybean meal layer diets was assessed in three experiments (two short-term ...

The concentration of 19 elements (As, Br, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se and Zn) was evaluated in some diets taken from different regions of Brazil by Instrumental and Radiochemical Neutron Activation Analysis. Several populations with different socio-economic living conditions ...

We determined the serum levels and the dietary intake of Mg and Ca in 93 institutionalized elderly people (24 men and 69 women) in Granada (Spain). The serum samples had mean concentrations of 21.39 +/- 2.08 mg/l magnesium and 93.39 +/- 9.24 mg/l calcium. No significant differences were found in ...

Dietary undetermined anion (dUA) reflects, in part, the net acid load contributed by the diet. Although dUA is known to influence performance and nutrient metabolism of swine, a lack of knowledge impairs its application to diet formulation. This study was undertaken to separate the effects of dUA from the individual ...

Fifteen Friesian oxen between 12 and 18 months of age with a mean body mass of 240.7 kg were randomly assigned to diets containing 0.25% phosphorus (P) or less to evaluate the acute effects of an acidiogenic diet of -11.1 meq/100 g of diet dry matter, compared with a basiogenic ...

Rats fed on low iodine diets (LIDs) result in a normal circulating level of triiodothyronine (T3), a low level of thyroxine (T4) and an elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). These changes are similar to those observed in habitants who live in iodine-deficient areas and different from those observed when the hypothyroidism ...

This experiment examined skeletal effects of moderate zinc (Zn) supplementation of a low-calcium diet. Male weanling rats were fed experimental diets for about 4 wk. One diet was adequate (control), whereas two others were calcium-deficient, but otherwise adequate. One of the low-calcium (Ca) diets was supplemented with Zn. Dimensions, weight, ...

The influence of dietary Ca on peak bone mass and on subsequent bone loss is controversial. Despite this an assessment of nutritional status is often included in the clinical evaluation of osteoporosis risk. To assess the value of this we investigated the relationship between current diet and bone mineral density ...

The influence of Na load on bone metabolism was investigated in postmenopausal women using urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) as a marker of bone resorption. In a cross-over study, fourteen postmenopausal women were divided into two groups of seven. A fixed diet providing 816 mg Ca/d with either 60 or 170 mmol ...

Neck-ligation, brain implantation, allatectomy, methoprene treatment, and ovariectomy indicated that the disappearance of pupal fat body cells in newly emerged adult female blow fly, Phormia regina, is controlled by the brain and the corpus allatum (CA). Absence of brain or CA greatly lowered the rate of fat body cell disappearance ...

The most severe brain damage associated with thyroid dysfunction during development is observed in neurological cretins from areas with marked iodine deficiency. The damage is irreversible by birth and related to maternal hypothyroxinemia before mid gestation. However, direct evidence of this etiopathogenic mechanism is lacking. Rats were fed diets with ...

Ten groups of 14 immunosuppressed NMRI-mice (nu/nu) were raised and kept under germ-reduced conditions. The control animals were fed a germ-reduced diet, nine other groups received the same diet with selegiline (CAS 14611-51-9, Deprenyl) or lipoic acid (thioctic acid, CAS 62-46-4) admixed at various amounts. The 50% survival rate, the ...

In ninety-four Dutch nulliparous women the effects of a low-Na diet in pregnancy on blood pressure, energy and nutrient intake, Ca metabolism, Zn and Mg status and body composition were studied longitudinally. The women were randomly divided into an intervention group (n 41), which used a low-Na diet (mean urinary ...

Beef steers were fed in two phases to compare the effects of diet and intake on growth and cellularity of visceral organs. During the growing phase (237 to 327 kg), steers were fed either a high (C) or low (F) concentrate diet. Diet F was available ad libitum (FA), whereas ...

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary protein on urinary Ca excretion, apparent Ca absorption and Ca balance in young and elderly subjects. Young adults (n 29) and elderly persons (n 26) consumed diets containing 12% (diet A) and 21% (diet B) of total energy as ...

Eighteen gilts (initial BW of 10.9 kg; age 4 wk) were used in a 35-d experiment to study the effects of adding microbial phytase to a pearl millet-soybean meal-based diet on growth, apparent digestibility and retention of nutrients, and bone mineral status. The dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 ...

Dairy cows fitted with ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulas were utilized to investigate the effects of feeding with Ca soaps (CaS) of palm fatty acids (FA) and rapeseed FA. Diets compared were control diet based on maize silage and concentrate, and two diets with 40 g CaS of palm oil ...

BACKGROUND: We tested the hypothesis that plasma cholesterol lowering action of partial ileal bypass (PIB) is beneficial in mitigating accelerated transplantation coronary vasculopathy. METHODS: Forty-one New Zealand white rabbits were randomized to receive a normal (n = 21) or 1% cholesterol diet (n = 20). They underwent heterotopic heart transplantation ...