BACKGROUND: Endometrial cancer is associated with overweight, but little is known on its possible relationship with specific aspects of diet. METHODS: The relationship between dietary factors and the risk of endometrial cancer was investigated in a case-control study conducted in Switzerland and Northern Italy on 274 patients with histologically confirmed ...

Research in diet, nutrition, and cancer is multidisciplinary. As a result there are many factors to consider in the conceptualization and design of experiments that may not be readily apparent to someone entering this field. In this article issues are identified that should be considered in the development of hypotheses ...

BACKGROUND: There has been little direct exploration of the relationships between dietary factors and human leukemia; however, a number of literature reports from animal studies and correlation analyses between countries suggest that diet can influence leukemia risk. METHODS: Statistical analyses of international food supply data and leukemia incidence data were ...

Magnetically recoverable, semipermeable microcapsules have been devised for covalent entrapment of reactive substances in the intestinal cavity to biomonitor potentially DNA-damaging agents and the effects of etiologically important components of the human diet. These microcapsules have been shown to trap five types of agents in vivo, namely, carcinogen electrophiles, nitrosating ...

The relation between diet and endometrial cancer was examined in a population-based case-control study conducted in Shanghai, People's Republic of China, between 1988 and 1990, involving interviews with 268 cases and 268 controls aged 18-74 years. The subjects' usual dietary intake of 63 major foods during the previous 10 years ...

Dietary factors may contribute to the increased cancer risk of blacks. As a first step to explore this hypothesis, we examined food frequency data obtained by interview with 1,976 adults (881 blacks and 1,095 whites) randomly selected from three areas of the United States. The a priori hypothesis was that ...

Currently there are no available biological markers that have been satisfactorily validated clinically as 'intermediate end-points' for evaluation of the impact of diet on cancer. Therefore, there is high scientific value in banking biological specimens for future use in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. The banking procedures we have ...

We report the effect of substance P analogue, [D-Arg1, D-Phe5, D-Trp7,9, Leu11] substance P (D-Phe5SP), on the growth of human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) xenografts HC12 and ICR-SC112. Daily intraperitoneal (ip) administration (500 micrograms/day for 3 weeks) had no effect on HC12 growth rate. When administered by continuous 14-day ...

Prospective studies on diet and cancer are needed for five reasons: (i) unlike xenobiotic agents which, if found to be carcinogenic, can at least in principle be dispensed with, food of some kind is indispensable; (ii) our present knowledge on the role of diet in cancer is limited and permits ...

An association between dietary fat, micronutrients and breast cancer aetiology and prognosis has been found in studies of experimental animals and in epidemiological studies. The relationship between dietary habits and the nuclear DNA content of breast cancer cells was studied in 82 women aged 50-65 years. A dietary history interview ...

Pancreatic cancer is the fifth most common cause of death due to cancer. Except for an association with cigarette smoking, its etiology is poorly understood. Because of the dearth of epidemiological clues as to causation, studies with experimental animal models assume greater importance. Rodent models of pancreatic cancer indicate that ...

Diet can play a key role in the pathogenesis of cancer. Diets high in fat and low in fiber predispose individuals to colon cancer. A high-fat diet is also implicated in breast cancer and prostate cancer. The dietary fat-cancer linkage is supported by epidemiological evidence, animal studies, and prospective trials. ...

Two dietary reporting methods were used to examine associations between macronutrient intake and subsequent cancer incidence in a cohort of Swedish women born between 1908 and 1930. 1361 subjects gave 23-h dietary recalls at their baseline examinations in 1968-1969, and 412 of them also provided detailed dietary histories. The cohort ...

Case-control studies of pancreatic cancer were conducted in 5 populations with moderate to high rates and differing dietary practices, using a common protocol and questionnaire. Comprehensive diet histories were completed for a total of 802 cases and 1669 controls identified in Adelaide (Australia), Montreal and Toronto (Canada), Utrecht (The Netherlands) ...

In a case-control study probing the role of diet on the occurrence of colorectal cancer and undertaken in Athens, Greece, sera were collected from 100 cases and 100 controls, and serum total cholesterol, high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides were determined. The biochemical results were analyzed in conjunction with nutrient intakes ...

We studied the effect on fecal hydrolytic activities of adopting an uncooked extreme vegan diet and readopting a conventional diet. Eighteen subjects were randomly divided into test and control groups. In the test group subjects adopted the uncooked extreme vegan diet for 1 mo and then resumed a conventional diet ...

The low incidence of breast cancer in Japan disappears within 2 generations in migrant Japanese in the USA. This is of fundamental importance if we are to understand, and perhaps reverse, the high rate seen in Western countries. Diet is the most likely factor involved, and a review of the ...

A major foundation of the field of cancer chemoprevention has resided in an impressive number of animal studies showing that cancer can be prevented by a variety of chemical compounds. In the search for increasingly effective inhibitors, both synthetic and naturally occurring compounds are being investigated. One group of naturally ...

The role of dietary fat and cholesterol in the low blood cholesterol-cancer association was examined in the National Health and Nutrition Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (NHEFS) conducted during 1971-1984. Of the 9,593 male and female participants, aged 25-74 years, 638 developed cancer during the median of 10.2 years of follow-up. ...

The influence of dietary lipids on immune function has come under serious study only within the past two decades. It is clear from whole-animal studies that obesity and consumption of diets high in fat, particularly unsaturated fat, depress immunocompetence and enhance risk for serious infectious disease and cancer. In vitro ...

BACKGROUND: The relationships between self-reported adherence to a low-fat diet in healthy women between the ages of 44 and 69 and a number of correlates of this self-reported behavior were examined in an attempt to improve monitoring of adherence to nutritional intervention trials for breast cancer prevention. METHODS: Dietary fat ...

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the major human cancers, causing at least 250,000 deaths each year. Two of the major risk factors for this disease are aflatoxin exposure and hepatitis B virus. This study was undertaken to explore the relationship between dietary exposure to aflatoxins and the excretion of the ...

BACKGROUND: Rates of colorectal cancer in various countries are strongly correlated with per-capita consumption of red meat and animal fat and inversely associated with fiber consumption. There have been few studies, however, of dietary risk factors for colorectal adenomas, which are precursors of cancer. PURPOSE: Our purpose was to determine ...

The relationship between dietary fat consumption and the incidence of breast cancer, if any, needs to be quantified so that dietary guidelines can be issued for the prevention of breast cancer. Frequently, only two widely different dietary fat levels, often differing in essential fatty acid content, have been compared in ...

We present the dietary epidemiology of bladder cancer while controlling for a number of lifestyle and environmental risk factors in a study of 351 white male cases with histologically confirmed transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and 855 white male controls selected from Erie, Niagara, and Monroe counties of western ...

The effects of high and low dietary fat (20% vs. 0.5% corn oil), and of the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor indomethacin (0.005% w/w), on tumour incidence, tumour growth, hormone-receptor status and growth-factor expression were examined in dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced rat breast cancer. The high dietary-fat group showed a significantly higher tumour incidence, ...

Seven dietary patterns were identified among control subjects in the Western New York Diet Study (1975-1986) by application of principal components analysis to data from a 95-item food frequency interview. The results of case-control analyses of colon cancer risk for these patterns are presented. Cases were matched with neighborhood controls ...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate a new anticancer treatment for gastrointestinal cancer, using a combination of polyamine antimetabolites, an anticancer agent and a low-polyamine state. Two polyamine antimetabolites, given as either 40 mg/kg of methylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone (MGBG) or ethylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone (EGBG) and a normal diet (ND), or 20 ...

Hepatocellular carcinoma has one of the poorest 5 year survival rates of any human cancer. Preventive measures offer the best possibility of ameliorating this disease and chemoprotective agents are being developed for this purpose. The dithiolethiones, including oltipraz and the unsubstituted molecule 1,2-dithiole-3-thione, have been shown to be potent inhibitors ...

Important differences in all-causes mortality and in cardiovascular mortality exist between populations and they cannot be explained by differences in the level of medical care. During the last 20 years important changes have occurred in the level of cardiovascular mortality with an increase in Hungary and a decrease in Japan. ...

It has been postulated that differences in the levels of circulating hormones may be the explanation for the epidemiological link between per capita dietary fat intake and the incidence of breast cancer. We have investigated this possible relationship in 19 postmenopausal, and 18 premenopausal women who completed a 4-week period ...

In a survey of 930 adults aged 35-74 years randomly sampled from the general population of four areas of Italy at different risks for gastric cancer (GC), plasma levels of pepsinogens (PGI and PGII) and fat-soluble vitamins were assayed. Pepsinogen levels were used to identify individuals with chronic atrophic gastritis ...

Scientific evidence supports a relationship between diet and the incidence of cancer. This finding has resulted in dietary recommendations that have been disseminated to the public. To reduce actual cancer incidence, these recommendations must lead to dietary changes among the population. We compared two brief dietary interventions with a longer ...

A multi-centre case-control study of diet and gastric cancer was carried out in 4 regions of Spain (Aragon, Castile, Catalonia and Galicia). We selected 354 cases of pathologically confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma from 15 hospitals, representative of nearly all those in the study areas. A control for each case, matched by ...

The relationship between energy intake, selected nutrients and colorectal cancer was investigated in the population of Majorca, a Spanish island in the Mediterranean basin. A population-based case-control study using food frequency questionnaires was conducted during the period 1984-1988 and included 286 cases of colorectal cancer, 295 population controls and 203 ...

A multi-centre case-control study on bladder cancer and diet was carried out in 5 regions of Spain. We report results on 432 male cases and 792 matched controls. Usual dietary habits were investigated by means of an interview-based dietary history questionnaire. Bladder-cancer cases were selected from the registers of 12 ...

Americans consume an average of 37% of their energy intake as fat. Many authorities recommend restricting fat intake to 30% of energy intake to reduce the rates of coronary heart disease and perhaps of cancers of the breast, colon, and prostate. Based on the assumptions that underlie those recommendations, we ...

Fat in the diet has been associated with increased breast cancer risk. In this study, blood samples were obtained from 21 women at high risk for breast cancer who had been randomly assigned to either a nonintervention diet or a low-fat diet. Oxidative damage was examined in the DNA from ...

A population-based case-control study of diet and pancreatic cancer has been conducted in the Opole Voivodeship region in Poland, using 110 cases and 195 controls. A full diet history was used to estimate the daily intake of calories, fat, protein, carbohydrate, cholesterol, retinol, vitamin C, and fibre. There is a ...

The role of the consumption of fat, animal protein and vitamins on breast-cancer risk was investigated in a hospital-based case-control study of 924 patients (409 cases and 515 controls) in Montpellier (France). A dietary history questionnaire, administered by interview, comprising 55 key food items as well as beverage consumption, and ...

Evidence relating dietary fat to cancer at sites such as the breast and colon is provided by experiments showing that animals fed high-fat diets develop cancer at these sites more readily than do animals fed low-fat diets and by epidemiological data from different countries showing strong positive correlations between cancer ...

Many Americans should reduce their dietary consumption of fat to lower their risk of conditions such as heart disease, cancer and obesity. Physicians can coordinate a comprehensive management plan for patients who need to reduce their fat intake. The newest fat substitutes offer a potentially valuable addition to such traditional ...

Combinations of dietary factors were studied in relation to breast-cancer occurrence among 133 breast cancer cases and 289 population controls in The Netherlands. Dietary factors were classified according to their possible mechanism of action, i.e., relating either to the intestinal microflora (total fat, fiber, fermented milk products) or to the ...

A population-based case-control study in Utah of 358 cases diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1984 and 1985, and 679 controls categorically matched by age and county of residence, were interviewed to investigate the association between dietary intake of energy (kcal), fat, protein, vitamin A, beta-carotene, vitamin C, zinc, cadmium, selenium, ...

Conflict exists between satisfying the parturient's desire for oral intake and traditional restrictive standards of obstetric and anesthesia departments. Surveys of institutions providing obstetric services reveal greatly varying oral intake policy. There is neither evidence of benefit in withholding fluids nor evidence of risk in allowing them. Prolonged fasting has ...

Experimental studies and epidemiological data suggest that, high fat diet increases the risk of developing breast cancer, both in animal and in human population. Cases of postmenopausal, untreated women with malignant and benign breast tumors, were compared for their age, body weight, plasma lipid fractions and lipoproteins. There was a ...

Diet is linked to the etiology of about 50% of all cancers, acting as a promoter, in the multi-step pathogenesis of cancer. Research indicates that a high-fat and low-fiber diet increases the risk for some cancers. The aim is to have people eat a low-fat diet of 25% or less ...

The relationship between consumption of fat in seasoning and risk of breast cancer was considered in a case-control study conducted in northern Italy of 2663 cases of breast cancer and 2344 controls admitted in the same network of hospitals with acute, non-neoplastic and non-gynaecological conditions. Subjective scores corresponding to three ...

Cancer commonly leads to weight loss associated with increased glucose production and protein breakdown. Medical or surgical castration results in decreased muscle mass, increased fat mass, and weight gain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in body composition, protein metabolism, hepatic glucose production, (HGP), and basal ...

A population-based case-referent study on diet (total energy, protein, fat, dietary fiber), body mass and colorectal cancer was performed in Stockholm in 1986-1988. The study included 1,081 subjects. The relative risks (RR, with a 95% confidence interval, highest versus lowest quintile) for colon cancer were as follows: total energy (1.7, ...