BACKGROUND: Nutritional therapy is the primary treatment for active pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) in the UK/Europe, improving disease activity and anthropometry. This study assessed changes in micronutrient status during exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN). METHODS: Seventeen children (male/female: 8/9; median age: 12.7 years) with active CD were treated exclusively for 6-8 ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Little is known about the direct relationship of B vitamins to mortality in the elderly. All-cause mortality by vitamin B status, using dietary (B-1, B-2, niacin, B-6) or biochemical data (erythrocyte transketolase reductase, erythrocyte glutathione reductase, plasma pyridoxal-phosphate, folate and serum B-12) was evaluated. METHODS: The Taiwanese ...

Pesticide hazards have been accentuated by the sharp rise in their agricultural, industrial and domestic use. Acute exposure to pesticides can cause oxidative damage. Our study investigated the potential ability of selenium (Se) and/or vitamin E, used as nutritional supplements, to alleviate erythrocyte oxidative damage induced by dimethoate (DM), an ...

Dietary n-3PUFA and gut bacteria, particularly Bacteroidetes, have been suggested to be related to adiposity. We investigated if n-3PUFA affected fat storage and cecal bacteria in piglets. Twenty-four 4-day-old piglets were allocated to formula rich in n-3PUFA (∼3E%) from fish oil (FO) or n-6PUFA from sunflower oil (SO) for 14 ...

AIM OF STUDY: The purpose of the study was to evaluate hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic activities of conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) isomers, present in bitter gourd and snake gourd seed, in terms of amelioration of plasma lipid profile, lipoprotein oxidation and erythrocyte membrane fluidity after oral administration. METHODS: Male albino rats ...

To investigate the relationships between erythrocyte membrane n-6:n-3 PUFAs ratio and blood lipids and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). The observational study consisted of a population-based cross-sectional study of 456 Chinese and a subsequent 1-year follow-up study of 171 subjects with the fasting plasma total cholesterol of 5.13-8.00 mmol/L. In ...

Salmon provides long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA and Se, which are well recognised for their health benefits. The n-3 and Se status of the New Zealand population is marginal. The objective of the present study was to compare the effects of consuming salmon v. supplementation with salmon oil on LC n-3 ...

The current study investigated the effect of natural diosgenin extracted from fenugreek seeds, in comparison with the pure standard diosgenin, plus chromium chloride (CrCl3) supplementation on high-cholesterol fed Japanese quails. Quails were randomly divided into four groups. Group one (n = 25) fed experimental diet only (control; contained basal diet ...

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the physiological and growth response of young turkeys (up to 8 weeks of age) to dietary replacement of soybean meal (SBM) by soy protein concentrate (PC) or protein isolate (PI). This replacement resulted in a differentiated dietary concentration of α-galactosides of over ...

Optimum levels and types of dietary fibre that provide the greatest beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome risk factors in overweight and obese individuals have yet to be determined in clinical trials. The present parallel design study compared the effects of fibre intake from a healthy diet v. a fibre supplement ...

There is concern regarding the possible negative effects of ingestion of dietary fibre on growth and intestinal Fe absorption in infants. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of a fibre mixture on the growth and the intestinal absorption of Fe in rats with Fe-deficiency anaemia ...

This study modelled multiple physiological responses of dairy cows to physical and chemical characteristics of a diet aiming to optimise their requirements for physically effective neutral detergent fibre, expressed inclusive of particles-dry matter > 8 mm (peNDF > 8). Extensive research data, comprising a wide range of feeding conditions (n ...

The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of the single nucleotide polymorphism (rs17238540) at the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase gene (HMGCR) on the relationship between serum lipids and dietary fat and fibre (NSP). FFQ and pyrosequencing were used to assess cross-sectional dietary intake and HMGCR genotype in ...

The way in which the composition of the diet may affect appetite, food intake and body weight is now receiving considerable attention in a bid to halt the global year-on-year rise in obesity prevalence. Epidemiological evidence suggests that populations who follow a fibre-rich, traditional diet are likely to have a ...

The cholesterol-lowering properties of oats, largely ascribed to its contents of soluble fibers, beta-glucans, are well established, whereas effects on atherogenesis are less well elucidated. Oats also contains components with reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that may affect atherogenesis. In this work we examined effects of oat bran on plasma ...

There have been several studies on the effects of dietary fibre on the metabolism. Epidemiologic studies have consistently reported an inverse relationship between dietary fibre and type 2 diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular mortality. This review focuses on observational and experimental studies that examine the effect of different types and sources ...

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of diet-induced obesity (DIO) on microvascular and neural function. Rats were fed a standard or high fat diet for up to 32 weeks. The following measurements were carried out: vasodilation in epineurial arterioles using videomicroscopy, endoneurial blood flow using hydrogen ...

N balance and postprandial acylcarnitine profile following intestinal fermentation of oligofructose and inulin were investigated in healthy cats. Two diets were tested in a crossover design: a commercial high-protein cat food supplemented with 4 % DM oligofructose and inulin (spectrum: degree of polymerisation (DP) 2-10: 60 (SE 5) % DM; ...

Nutritional value of diets containing 10% potato fibre or cellulose (diets MPF and MC, respectively) and their long-term effects on parameters related to potential health benefits were studied in rats. In a first experiment nutrient digestibility and metabolisable energy of the diets were determined. In a second experiment, each diet ...

Urolithiasis due to struvite concrements occurs in fattening cattle, but only in 1-5% of a herd, in spite of identical nutrient supply. Developing dietetic measures for these cattle was the primary aim of this study. The feeding experiments were focused on the general effects of varying the crude fibre supply ...

The intestinal microbiota are a complex ecosystem influencing the immunoregulation of the human host, providing protection from colonising pathogens and producing SCFA as the main energy source of colonocytes. Our objective was to investigate the effect of dietary fibre exclusion and supplementation on the intestinal microbiota and SCFA concentrations. Faecal ...

To examine the dietary intake of total sugar, added sugar, non-added sugar and starch as well as dietary fibre and glycaemic index (GI) and their respective associations with insulin resistance. Mixed linear models were used to study both cross-sectional and prospective associations between carbohydrate components and insulin resistance separately in ...

The objective of this work was to study the effect of adding orange dietary fibre (1%), rosemary essential oil (0.02%) or thyme essential oil (0.02%) and the storage conditions on the quality characteristics and the shelf-life of mortadella, a bologna-type sausage. The moisture, fat, ash content and colour coordinates lightness ...

The objective of this research was to evaluate the chemical composition, microstructure, and antioxidant capacity of king palm flour obtained from residues from organic king palm (Archontophoenix alexandrae) processing. King palm flour exhibited high levels of dietary fibre (70.85%) and total ash (3.27%); low contents of protein (3.51%) and lipid ...

Lupin kernel flour (LKF) is a novel food ingredient that is high in protein and fibre. We have previously shown that partial substitution of refined wheat-derived carbohydrate in bread with protein and fibre from LKF can reduce appetite and energy intake acutely. In addition, several studies have suggested that lupin ...

Concentrations of tryptophan (TRP) and serotonin (5-HT) in plasma were measured in 36 moderately trained Dutch warmblood horses after eight weeks on a high fibre (n=18) or high starch (n=18) diet. Samples were taken three hours after feeding, when the horse was at rest, either at 11.00 or 14.00 hours. ...

Prebiotic fibres have been proposed to promote weight loss and lower serum cholesterol; however, the mechanisms are not fully understood. The aim of the present research was to identify possible mechanisms through which prebiotic fibres improve serum lipids. Lean and obese JCR:La-cp rats aged 8 weeks consumed one of three ...

Grape antioxidant dietary fibre (GADF) is a grape product rich in dietary fibre and natural antioxidants. We showed previously that the GADF intake induced an epithelial hypoplasia in the rat colonic mucosa. In the present study, we propose that the antioxidant effect of GADF could modulate mucosal apoptosis via modulation ...

Epidemiological evidence shows an inverse relationship between dietary fibre intake and body weight gain. Oat beta-glucan, a soluble fibre alters appetite hormones and subjective satiety in acute meal test studies, but its effects have not been demonstrated with chronic consumption. The present study aimed to test the effects in women ...

The influence of fibre inclusion and transit time regulation on the performance, health status, microbial activity and population, physico-chemical characteristics of the hindgut digesta and intestinal morphology in early weaned pigs were examined. For these experiments, wheat bran (WB) was used as fibre source and loperamide as a drug (LOP) ...

A five year-old bull moose (Alces alces) was culled due to chronic hoof overgrowth that required frequent intervention. Radiographic examination revealed changes in phalangeal bone structure usually considered indicative for laminitis in domestic cattle; similar changes were absent in the hooves of a free-ranging moose of similar age. The captive ...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the influence of high-fibre, moderate-carbohydrate diets with two levels of dietary fat, compared with a commercial diet with moderate-fibre, low-carbohydrate and higher fat, on insulin requirement, glycaemic control and lipid profile of dogs with stabilised diabetes. METHODS: Twelve dogs with spontaneous diabetes mellitus were studied. Glycaemic control ...

The effect of wheat and rye breads made from white wheat flour with added refined fibre (WFL), whole-wheat grain, wheat aleurone flour (WAF) or rye aleurone flour (RAF) on digestion and fermentation processes in the gut was studied in a model experiment with pigs. The diets were similar in dietary ...

A three-factor Box-Behnken design was adopted for studying the simultaneous effects of processing variables such as fat (10-30%), wheat bran (5-15%) and NaCl (0-2%) on physicochemical, textural and sensory properties of cooked beef patties. In addition, the ridge analysis was conducted to find the values of processing variables that maximise ...

Epidemiological studies have suggested that intake of whole grains is inversely associated with coronary artery disease. The mechanisms, however, are not completely clear. We tested the hypothesis that intake of wheat bran or corn bran would (1) increase the plasma concentration of phenolic antioxidants and (2) reduce atherosclerosis in apo ...

BACKGROUND: Adiponectin, an adipose-derived hormone with central and peripheral actions, is involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Interactions between genetic and environmental factors have been associated with decrease in circulating adiponectin leading to obesity. AIM: We investigated whether variants of the ADIPOQ gene encoding adiponectin interact with diet to ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Dietary non-oil-seed pulses (chickpeas, beans, peas, lentils, etc.) are a good source of slowly digestible carbohydrate, fibre and vegetable protein and a valuable means of lowering the glycaemic-index (GI) of the diet. To assess the evidence that dietary pulses may benefit glycaemic control, we conducted a systematic review and ...

A study was carried out to determine the ability of dietary micronized wheat fibres (MWF) to decrease the levels of ochratoxin A (OTA) in plasma, kidney and liver of piglets fed a naturally contaminated diet. A total of 96 piglets (weighting 11.4+/-1.5 kg) were fed one of four different diets ...

In a feeding trial with 32 crossbred gilts (13-108 kg bodyweight) the effect of benzoic acid (5 g/kg diet) in low (NDF: 150 g/kg DM) and high (NDF: 202 g/kg DM) fibre diets on performance and apparent nutrient digestibility was examined. The animals were restrictively fed one of four grower ...

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies and feeding trials with supplements suggest that fibre intake is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular risk. However, the effects of changes in dietary fibre on risk factor levels have not been evaluated in free-living individuals. Thus, the effects of changes in dietary fibre intake on cardiovascular ...

BACKGROUND: C-reactive protein (CRP), a sensitive marker of inflammation, is an independent predictor of future cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is a major cause of death worldwide. In epidemiological trials, high-fibre intakes have consistently been associated with reduction in CVD risk and CRP levels. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was ...

This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of reducing boar taint in boars (PiétrainxHybrid) by addition of different feed ingredients (raw potato starch (RPS) 10%, raw potato starch 10%+wheat bran 5% (RPS+WB), lupins 10%, inulin 5%, clinoptilolite 1%) to a standard diet over a period of 4-6 weeks before slaughter. ...

Depending on type and inclusion level, dietary fibre may increase and maintain satiety and postpone the onset of hunger. This 7-week study evaluated the effect of fibre fermentability on physiological satiety-related metabolites and voluntary food intake (VFI) in dogs. Sixteen healthy adult dogs were fed a low-fermentable fibre (LFF) diet ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study. The K-means clustering method was used to identify dietary patterns and logistic regression models were used to compare the adjusted prevalence rates of metabolic syndrome factors, stratifying by obesity status. SETTING: The 1992-3 Italian Bollate ...

The present study describes the utilization of banana--Cavendish (Musa acuminata L., cv cavendshii) and Dream (Musa acuminata colla. AAA, cv 'Berangan')--pulp and peel flours as functional ingredients in yellow alkaline noodles. Noodles were prepared by partial substitution of wheat flour with ripe banana pulp or peel flours. In most cases, ...

The aim of the present study was to assess the physiological response of growing turkeys' duodenal surface to dietary replacement of a common dietary component--soybean meal (SBM) with a soy protein isolate (SPI), as this treatment was associated with almost complete removal of alpha-galactosides from the diet (from 2.44 to ...

Muscle cellularity was studied in Pagellus bogaraveo juveniles fed on diets with different protein contents. Measured in transversal body sections, at both post-opercular and post-anal locations, the morphometric variables estimated were: total muscle area (A), total number of fibres (N), number of fibres per unit area of muscle (N (A)) ...

N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) is one of the important carcinogenic nitrosamines frequently present in human environment and food chain that poses a significant human health hazard. This study was planned to investigate the protective role of dietary fibre on NDEA-induced toxicity in hypercholesterolemic rats. Oral administration of NDEA at a dose of ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the addition of a purified soluble (pectin) and insoluble (lignocellulose) fibre to a starchy meal on post-prandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy horses. Four horses were fed in a randomized order three different diets: (i) cracked corn, (ii) ...

During the past decades there has been considerable interest in the use of dietary fibre in both animal and human nutrition. In human subjects dietary fibre has been studied intensively for possible effects on body-weight management and health. In animal nutrition the interest in dietary fibre has increased because it ...