Fibrous material is an integral part of the daily diet, and it exerts direct physiological effects throughout the gastrointestinal tract, in addition to affecting metabolic activities more indirectly. The interplay of these effects is responsible for the presumed desirable influence of fibre on weight regulation, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and ...

Male C57/B6 mice were adapted to human diets of British origin that had 3-fold differences in either dietary fibre, fat or beef protein within the normal human range, and were then treated p.o. with 200 mg/kg benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) to induce colonic nuclear aberrations. [14C]B[a]P was included in the dose that ...

The present study was conducted to test the efficacy of fibre supplementation for hypercholesterolaemia in subjects from the desert Nomads. Ten males (53 +/- 8 years of age) participated in this study which consisted of three phases: baseline-1 period (2 weeks) in which subjects were on their normal, habitual dietary ...

Detailed and personalized dietary guidance must be given to subjects recognized as dyslipidaemic and to the parents of high-risk individuals. The diets should be hypolisocaloric with reduced intake of fats (30%) and cholesterol (250-300 mg/day) and with high intake of carbohydrate (55-60%), preferably complex. Dietary fibre intake should be at ...

1. Immature hens were preconditioned to a standard diet containing either 0, 100, 200 or 400 g/kg of added dried grass, 200 g/kg powdered cellulose, or 200 g/kg grass with an enzyme supplement, and were killed at either 10.30, 12.30 or 15.30 hr (after measurement of intestinal sugar absorption reported ...

The biomechanical properties of the CMJ disc depend upon the composition and organization of the extracellular matrix. Elastic fibres are important elements of the matrix and may be in part responsible for the resilience of the disc during jaw movements. Elastic fibres first appeared after the establishment of a miniature ...

The effects of prolonged substitution of readily digested carbohydrates (wheat starch) for poorly digested carbohydrates (mixture of various fibres and crude potato starch) on plasma lipids, lipoproteins and hormones were investigated in Zucker, genetically obese rats. Lean rats were also studied in parallel. Usually, plasma lipid and insulin levels and ...

This study investigated the nature of the cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity (CCKLI) in the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord. Indeed, using the same antiserum, no variation of radioimmunoassayable CCKLI in the dorsal horn of rats treated neonatally with capsaicin could be seen, whereas the density of immunoreactive CCKLI fibres was ...

Inadequate fluid intake is though to be one frequent cause of chronic constipation, although this has never been shown. In order to test whether fluid deprivation has an influence on colonic function, we studied eight healthy male volunteers (median age 23 y, range 21-28 y) with respect to stool frequency, ...

Dietary fiber lowers atherogenic serum lipids and blood pressure and improves glucose metabolism. We compared in 24 mildly hypercholesterolemic men the effects of adding 11.8 g dietary fiber/d from each of three cereal brans (wheat, rice, and oat) to a low-fiber diet for 4 wk each. A double-blind, crossover design ...

Oat bran lowers serum lipid concentrations in healthy and hyperlipidemic subjects. To determine the effects of a ready-to-eat oat-bran cereal on lipid concentrations, we fed control (corn flakes) and oat-bran cereal diets for 2 wk to 12 men with undesirably high serum total-cholesterol concentrations. Subjects were randomly assigned to one ...

Eleven-kilogram parcels of HY-320 wheat, a cultivar of the new Canada Prairie Spring class, were kept at 15 and 19% initial moisture contents (IMC) in simulated storage in a Manitoba farm granary for 60 weeks to determine biotic and abiotic changes and mycotoxin production. Ochratoxin A reached a maximum of ...

The addition of 1 g sugar-beet fibre (Beta Fibre) to 3 g semi-synthetic diet resulted in a 54% increase in iron and a 39% increase in zinc absorption in rats. The same amount of non-starch polysaccharides fed as wheat bran (1.9 g) had no effect on Fe absorption but reduced ...

An association between duodenal ulceration and a low fibre intake and a high refined carbohydrate diet has been reported. We therefore compared the current diet, smoking habits, social class, and possible other risk factors of 78 patients with duodenal ulcer and a community control group matched for age and sex. ...

The small intestinal excretion of protein, fat, energy, magnesium, calcium, iron and zinc from two isocaloric diets including either instant bean flakes (174 g/d) or potato flakes (102 g/d) was studied in seven ileostomy subjects. Out of the variable part of the diet all starch and dietary fibre, and about ...

The effects of various sources of dietary fibre (defined as non-starch polysaccharides (NSP] on the transit time (TT) of digesta through sections of digestive tract were measured in pigs of 30-85 kg. The pigs were fitted with simple cannulas in the terminal ileum, caecum and mid-colon. Diets in experiments 1-3 ...

The stool-bulking effect of dietary fibre (DF) is well-documented and believed to be important in the postulated beneficial effect of DF on human health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the digestibility of DF in relation to its stool-bulking properties and to study possible mechanisms for this ...

A sugar-beet fibre preparation (SBF) was incorporated into a semi-synthetic rat diet at a level of 100 g/kg. The material caused no feed aversion, and gain of live weight was unimpaired. SBF appeared to be slightly more fermentable than wheat bran and only marginally less effective as a faecal bulking ...

Morphologic changes in the small intestine were investigated during development of naturally acquired wheat-sensitive enteropathy in Irish Setters. To distinguish underlying morphologic abnormalities from nonspecific effects of intestinal damage, progeny of affected dogs reared on a normal wheat-containing diet were compared with their own littermates reared on a cereal-free diet ...

Rats given a low-fibre diet based on boiled white rice developed symptoms of severe vitamin K deficiency within 23 d. Inclusion of autoclaved black-eye beans (Vigna unguiculata) in the diet prevented the bleeding syndrome. To test the hypothesis that deficiency resulted from low phylloquinone intake exacerbated by inadequate production of ...

Twenty-four hour energy expenditure during a standard physical activity programme was investigated in 19 healthy volunteers in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design, after supplementation with a soluble dietary fibre amounting 7 g/day for 2 weeks. Energy intake and food fibre intake were kept constant during the treatment period. Twenty-four hour ...

Trapping by magnetic polyethyleneimine (PEI) microcapsules was utilized to investigate the influence in male rats of dose, human dietary composition and time-dependence on reactive metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract; also, PEI microcapsules modified with copper phthalocyanine tetrasulphonic acid (CPTS) were tested in vivo for trapping of ...

Groups of male Fischer F344 rats isocalorically consuming cooked, low-fat human diets were given magnetic polyethyleneimine (PEI) microcapsules and [14C]benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) by gavage in order to determine the effects of 3-fold changes in levels of dietary fibre non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) and beef protein during gastrointestinal transit on microcapsule trapping and ...

Whole groat flour was consumed by nine infants and young children as 22.5, 45, or 67% of total diet energy (one half of 6.4%, all of 6.4%, or all of 9.6% protein energy). Isonitrogenous and isoenergetic casein control diets were given. Apparent absorption of oat nitrogen (N) was consistently around ...

To examine whether supplement of dietary fibre may improve compliance to a very low calorie diet (VLCD) a nutrition powder providing 388 kcal/day (men: 466 kcal/day) was compared with a similar version containing plant fibre 30 g/day. Twenty-two obese patients entered the study. After a baseline habitual diet, they were ...

A low-fat, low-cholesterol diet and oat bran supplementation for treatment of hypercholesterolemia were studied for their effectiveness in lowering blood lipids and their impact on dietary intake. Seventy-one free-living men and women with hypercholesterolemia (serum cholesterol greater than 75th percentile) were randomly assigned to one of the following four groups: ...

The abilities of dietary fibre (wheat bran) or fat (olive oil) to modify the genotoxicity of radiolabelled MeIQ were evaluated in mice using in vivo and in vitro bacterial mutation assays. Bran reduced genotoxicity by restricting uptake of MeIQ from the gut lumen. In contrast, feeding mice a high fat ...

The effects of fiber-rich wheat bran and wheat germ on the intestinal absorption of dietary cholesterol, free fatty acids, and monoglycerides were studied. Rats were given a test meal containing [(14)C]oleic acid, [(14)C]monoolein, and [(3)H]cholesterol. After a 1-hour digestion period, wheat bran or wheat germ (10% of meal solids) did ...

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) has recommended intensive dietary treatment as first-line therapy for patients with high cholesterol levels. The NHLBI has also encouraged research into the effectiveness and safety of alternative diets and further study of human behavior as it relates to adherence to diets. Based ...

A randomised controlled trial with a factorial design was done to examine the effects of dietary intervention in the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction (MI). 2033 men who had recovered from MI were allocated to receive or not to receive advice on each of three dietary factors: a reduction in ...

Short-term viscous dietary fibres, plantago ovata and guar gum preparations, decreased serum cholesterol, mainly LDL cholesterol, as compared to low fibre or nonviscous high fibre periods, through enhancing cholesterol elimination as fecal bile acids. These changes were associated with significant increases in serum levels of cholesterol precursors, both in methylsterols ...

Germ-free rats and conventional rats were starved and then refed with either an elemental diet (Flexical), or Flexical plus 30% kaolin, or Flexical plus 30% of a fibre mixture. Plasma levels of enteroglucagon, gastrin and peptide YY (PYY) were all significantly affected by diet. Enteroglucagon and especially PYY were significantly ...

Recent reports indicate that oats have a relatively low glycaemic effect in comparison with other carbohydrate food, and that their consumption leads to a reduction in plasma-cholesterol levels in man. These properties may be due to a soluble non-starch polysaccharide in oats. The present study was undertaken to explore the ...

The influence of dietary factors such as total composition, thermal processing, and the addition of vegetables and fruit on the tumour rate in rats was studied in a long-term experiment. Groups of 50 male and 50 female Wistar rats were fed one of the following diets: a semi-synthetic animal diet ...

Two experiments were carried out in which rats were offered diets containing different amounts and types of dietary fibre, i.e. commercial stock diet and three semi-purified diets containing no fibre, 200 g wheat bran or 200 g pectin/kg. Dietary inclusion of fibre, and especially pectin, stimulated large bowel fermentation, as ...

We investigated the effects of fiber-rich wheat bran and wheat germ on dietary fat and cholesterol assimilation. Rats were given a test meal containing [14C]triolein and [3H]cholesterol. After various digestion periods, addition of the wheat fractions (10% of meal solids) did not modify the lipid gastric emptying rate. Gastric and ...

A randomized controlled trial has been set up to examine the effect of diet on the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction, involving 2033 men. The trial has a factorial design, subjects being randomized independently to receive advice or no advice regarding three dietary factors: 1. a reduction in total fat ...

The occurrence of mutagens in the urine and faeces of a group of car mechanics (n = 8) exposed to high concentrations of diesel exhaust in their working place and of a group of office workers (n = 9) not exposed to diesel exhaust during working hours was compared. The ...

Pearl millet [Pennisetum millet (L.) leeke] is the main source of food energy for the rural poor in many areas of the semiarid tropics. Epidemiological evidence suggests that millet may play a role in the genesis of endemic goiter in these areas, and sparse experimental data in rats support this ...

Male Fischer 344 rats were fed either fiber-free (FF), continuous 10% wheat bran (CWB) or intermittent 50% wheat bran (IWB) diets for 6 wk to investigate possible alterations in physiological effects associated with colon cancer (fecal bulk, transit time, colonic cell proliferation) induced by meal distribution of the bran. The ...

Oxalate bioavailability from sugar beet fibre (40 g), spinach (25 g) and a solution of sodium oxalate (182 mg) was tested in nine women using a triplicated 3 x 3 Latin square arrangement. Each test substance provided 120 mg oxalic acid. Throughout the study the volunteers consumed a control diet ...

1. Diets in which maize and palm kernel meals were major ingredients and whose metabolisable energy values were varied by the inclusion of graded amounts of maize cob (50 to 200 g/kg diet) were fed to growing pullets for 9 to 21 weeks of age. 2. Apparent metabolisable energy decreased ...

We evaluated the effect of a diet rich in natural (NF) or extractive fibres (guar gum) on 12 male IDD (insulin-dependent diabetes) out-patients. The treatment lasted for 2 months. During the first month the patients were on an isocaloric diet containing 30 g of fibres and then they were randomly ...

The recent launch of a number of fibre enriched polymeric diet in the United States and Europe has stimulated considerable interest in the topic of fibre and enteral nutrition, and several commercial concerns appear to be under considerable pressures from their consumers to produce similar products. As a means of ...

Female BALB/c mice were fed either a fibre-free diet or one supplemented with 30% wheat-bran for 5 weeks. The ability of these mice to convert MeIQ to a bacterial mutagen in vivo was determined using intrasanguinous host-mediated bacterial mutation assays. Less mutagenic activity was detected in the livers of mice ...

Ninety-seven mildly obese females (BMI = 27.4 kg/m2) were in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial treated for 52 weeks. The treatment consisted of a hypocaloric diet providing 5000 kJ/day (1200 kcal) and a dietary fibre supplement of 7 g/day for 11 weeks, (part I), followed by a diet providing 6720 ...

The influence of a beet-fibre enriched diet (mean 40 g FibrexR, 27 g dietary fibre per day) on blood pressure, plasma lipoproteins and glycaemic control was studied in 12 non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDD) patients. The effect on gastrointestinal hormones was also investigated. Beet-fibre and control diets were given in randomized order ...

Male albino rats were fed different dietary brans at 20% level for two months to study their effect on lipid metabolism. Wheat and corn brans significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased the serum cholesterol level while chickpea bran significantly (P less than 0.05) lowered the liver and heart cholesterol concentrations. ...

1. Wild water voles and captives on high fibre diets had significantly longer and heavier digestive tracts (especially the caecum) than captives fed a low fibre diet. 2. Increasing dietary cellulose increased food intake, faecal output and metabolic rate, and decreased digestibility. Some but not all added cellulose was digested. ...

A biostereometric method was used to assess the tooth wear of monkeys fed either on one of two Western-type diets, which differed in their refined carbohydrate, fat and fibre contents, or on a combination of the two diets. Certain patterns of wear as a function of diet were observed but ...