In order to provide data with which to challenge a model of metabolism of lactating sows, we conducted a study to determine milk production and body and mammary composition in sows consuming a range of energy and amino acid intakes and nursing 11 to 12 pigs. Sows (2nd through 4th ...

The objective was to estimate breed, heterosis, and recombination effects on pig reproductive traits in two different four-breed composite populations. Breeds included Yorkshire, Landrace, Large White, and Chester White in Exp. 1 and Duroc, Hampshire, Pietrain, and Spot in Exp. 2. Data were recorded on purebred pigs, two-breed cross pigs, ...

Pediatric evaluations are useful only when the animal model and human neonate have similar timing in system development. The objective of this study was to compare the growth of 24-hour-old swine provided 3 different feeding regimens of a simulated sow milk formula for 3 weeks. Three groups of three swine ...

The objective was to challenge the behavior of an existing mechanistic model of sow metabolism using data from a study that determined effects of fat and amino acid intakes on milk production, body and mammary composition in sows nursing 10 to 12 pigs. Sows were second through fourth parity; litter ...

Twelve (Large White×Landrace) gilts were randomly allotted in a 2×2 factorial design with the respective factor being dietary vitamin E (10 or 200 mg/kg feed) and dietary fishmeal (0 or 5%). Bacon was manufactured from the meat obtained from the animals after slaughter using wood smoke only or a combination ...

Two trials involving a total of 56 pigs were conducted to examine the effects of weaning at 7 d of age (trial 1) and of energy intake level and length of post-weaning underfeeding period (trial 2) on small intestinal (SI) development and morphometry. At 3 d after weaning, weight of ...

Endometritis in mares is a common cause of infertility. Conventional treatments of the disease have mostly been unsuccessful, so new therapeutic alternatives need to be investigated. This study evaluated the uterine disposition and plasma pharmacokinetic behaviour of a commercial formulation of enrofloxacin (EFX) given by the intrauterine (i.u.) route (2.5 ...

Pregnant gilts (n = 126) were assigned randomly to 12 0.4-ha old world-spar bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum) pastures in an outdoor swine (Sus scrofa) production system to examine effects of stocking rates (17.5 or 35 gilts/ha; 7 or 14 gilts per pasture) and dietary N on percentage of ground cover, soil ...

Two hundred sixteen prepubertal Genex Manor hybrid F1 gilts were used to determine the impact of lean growth rate on sexual development of gilts. This study was composed of two experiments (Exp. 1 and Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, at approximately 96 d of age and 54 kg weight, gilts ...

Effects of adding fermented wheat to liquid diets on gastrointestinal characteristics in weanling piglets were studied. Gastrointestinal characteristics of 40 28-d-old weanling piglets were measured at the day of weaning (d 0) and at d 4 and 8 after weaning. Piglets were group-housed and fed twice daily. Feeding level was ...

The goal of this study was to determine whether the presence of the bovine alpha-lactalbumin transgene in first-lactation gilts enhances lactational performance and litter growth. Transgenic and sibling nontransgenic gilts were bred to nontransgenic boars. Litters were standardized to 10 piglets within 24 h of farrowing. Milk production was measured ...

In three experiments, the influence of insulin administered after weaning was examined in primiparous sows given extra feed or in primiparous compared to multiparous sows. In Exp. 1, 171 primiparous and 231 multiparous crossbred sows on a commercial farm were injected with 0.4 IU/kg BW insulin (Eli Lilly Lente Iletin ...

Toxicological effects of dietary soy trypsin inhibitor (TI) were assessed in male miniature swine, a model chosen for its similarities to human digestive physiology and anatomy. The TI preparation was extracted from defatted raw soy flour. From 1 through 5 weeks of age, piglets were automatically fed either a TI ...

In weaned sows, reduced reproductive performance can result from failure or delayed return to estrus or improper timing of insemination. This experiment evaluated the effect of increased frequency of boar exposure and adjusted mating times on reproductive performance. Sows of mixed parity were weaned approximately 18.7 d after parturition and ...

The primary objective of this study was to determine whether exogenous arachidonic acid (AA) in a supplemented formula substitute for piglets or sow milk would attenuate reductions in AA status, growth, and bone mineral content (BMC) as a result of exogenous glucocorticoid excess using dexamethasone (DEX). A secondary objective was ...

This study determined whether tributyrin and lactitol could synergistically facilitate the transition from milk to solid feed in nursery pigs. At 21 d after birth, 64 piglets were moved from the piggery to a production barn and fed a medicated diet. At 28 d after birth, the piglets were weighed ...

BACKGROUND: Incidence of diarrhea at weaning in commercial pigs is an important problem, and diet is thought to be a predisposing factor. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of switching from milk-based to cereal-based diets on the morphology and function of the small intestine of piglets ...

A total of 36 gilts were used to assess the effects of Cr tripicolinate supplementation on immune response in sows and their offspring during the periparturient and neonatal period. Gilts were raised from weaning to reproductive age on diets with either 0 (-Cr) or 200 (+Cr) ppb supplemental Cr from ...

The effect of inclusion of spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) in diets for weanling piglets was studied. The objectives were to determine whether SDPP would have positive effects on post-weaning piglet performance and health under typical Northern European conditions. In experiment 1, 160 weanling piglets were assigned randomly to a control ...

The study was conducted to evaluate, under field conditions, the effect of the long-term dietary use of a natural zeolite (clinoptilolite, CLI) and antibacterials (chlortetracycline, CTC) on the concentrations of certain vitamins (vitamin A and vitamin E) and minerals (K, Na, P, Ca, Mg, Cu and Zn) in blood and ...

Weaned piglets were used to determine the effect of dietary spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) on the clinical response to an infection with a pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) O139:K82 LT(-). The piglets were divided into two groups of 10 animals each. One group was fed the control diet containing soybean(meal) ...

Seventy-seven Large White x Meishan F2 crossbred gilts with prolactin receptor (PRLR) genotype AA (n = 26), AB (n = 36) and BB (n = 15) were compared for teat number (FTm), age at first estrus, gestation length (GL), litter size, and litter means of functional teat number (FTp), birthweight ...

A 4000 sow farm in the US using early weaning and a computerized record system was recruited. Farrowed sows were assigned into two experimental treatments: prostaglandin F2alpha injection or control. Sows were assigned by a farm worker to obtain even parity distributions between two groups in each farrowing group. A ...

An experiment was conducted to determine long-term effects of dietary boron (B) on reproductive and bone characteristics in gilts. Weanling gilts (n = 50) were allotted to 10 pens based on weaning weight and litter origin. Pens were randomly assigned to receive one of two dietary treatments that consisted of ...

In a field trial conducted on a commercial swine farm, lean-genotype sows (n = 485) were fed diets containing 0 or 10% supplemental fat as either medium-chain triglyceride or choice white grease from d 90 of gestation until weaning (15.5 d). Effects on standard sow and litter production traits were ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare a traditional 28-day cycle to an extended 49-day cycle of the 30 microg ethinyl estradiol (E2)/300 microg norgestrel monophasic birth control pill regimen. METHODS: Ninety subjects randomized to either 28-day cycles with 21 active pills or 49-day cycles with 42 active pills for a prospective open label ...

A cooperative study involving six experiment stations and 236 crossbred litters was conducted to determine the effect of nominal nipple drinker water flows of 700 mL/min and 70 mL/min (actual = 701 and 76 mL/min, respectively) during winter (November through February; 124 litters) and summer (June through August; 112 litters) ...

Development of gilts that conceive early and continue to produce offspring is a primary objective of swine production. The objective of this study was to determine the degree of feed restriction during development required to optimize reproductive performance and efficiency in gilts. The effects that various patterns of growth had ...

During lactation in the sow, mammary glands that are not regularly suckled undergo regression. This study characterizes the regression of unsuckled mammary glands and how that regression is affected by dietary nutrients and litter size. Sixty-nine primiparous sows were fed one of four diets containing combinations of two protein levels ...

Nutrient intake during gestation has an impact on gestation parameters and subsequent lactation performance. The objectives of this experiment were to determine the impact of feeding two levels of amino acids in gestation on sow BW changes in gestation and lactation, and litter size, and to evaluate a factorial method ...

Reproductive performance is steadily increasing within the pork industry; logically, amino acid requirements need to be redefined for sows producing larger litters. The objective of this study was to determine the threonine requirement of the high-producing lactating sow and to determine the effect of lysine on this requirement. A total ...

The effects of mesenteric ischemia on ileal colonization, intestinal integrity, and bacterial translocation (BT) in newborn piglets were investigated in 362-day-old Pietrain piglets. Group I, controls were not operated upon; group II underwent a sham laparotomy; and group III underwent ligation of the mesenteric vessels in the distal ileum. After ...

Previous experiments have indicated that reproductive function in lean, modern genotypes may be more dependent on body protein mass than, as previously believed, on body lipid reserves. This was investigated in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, involving 60 first-parity sows, comparing three pregnancy feeding strategies and two ...

Seventy-seven diets were fed to 61-kg growing pigs at a feeding level close to their ad libitum intake and to nonlactating, nonpregnant sows slightly above their maintenance energy level (2.4 kg/d). The main objectives of this study were to compare the total tract digestibility of dietary energy or nutrients of ...

The study was carried out to evaluate the growth rate of broad-nosed caiman, Caiman latirostris hatchlings, fed on four animal protein diets: (a) dead poultry from a poultry farm; (b) dead piglet from nursery and farrowing house in a swine farm; (c) whole tilapia (Tilapia rendalli e Oreochromis niloticus); and ...

An experiment was performed to study the effect of litter size before weaning on subsequent body development and composition, feed intake, and reproductive performance of young rabbit does with the objective to improve reproductive performance. Litter size (LS) before weaning (treatment) was 6, 9, or 12 kits. After weaning (30 ...

The hypothesis tested in this study was that the reported beneficial effects of spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) on piglet post-weaning performance and health are associated with a trophic effect on small intestinal mucosa. At 24 days of age, the piglets of seven sows were assigned to one of three treatment ...

This study was performed to investigate the weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI) in primiparous and multiparous sows in relation to their weight and back-fat thickness changes and serum hormone imbalance (insulin, growth hormone, and cortisol) at the end of gestation and during lactation. Ten primiparous and ten multiparous Camborough sows, fourth to ...

The present experiment studied the acute and long-term stress responses of reactive and proactive prepubertal gilts to social isolation. Gilts with either reactive or proactive features were identified according to behavioral resistance in a backtest at a young age (2-4 days), respectively being low (LR) and high resistant (HR) in ...

In an attempt to prevent decreases in piglet 20 : 4n-6 status at birth while increasing 22 : 6n-3 status, multiparous sows (eight per treatment) were allocated to one of three different treatments: a basal diet fed from day 63 of pregnancy to term; basal diet supplemented with tuna oil ...

From day 23 of pregnancy, 24 gilts received either a medium (M, n = 16) or a high (H, n = 8) level of feeding calculated to meet 115% or 190% of energy for maintenance, respectively. During lactation, all H sows were fed ad libitum (H-AL) whereas M sows were ...

The objective of this study was to examine effects of increased gut fill and diverse developing environments on pregnant gilts' behavior and physiology. Gilts were cross-fostered at 1 d of age and transferred to either an indoor or outdoor production unit. Littermate gilts remained in their different environments during development ...

The effects of high ambient temperature and level of dietary heat increment on sow milk production and piglet performance over a 28-d lactation were determined in 59 multiparous crossbred Large White x Landrace pigs kept at a thermoneutral (20 degrees C) or in a hot (29 degrees C) constant ambient ...

I in the chain sow diet --> blood serum of sow --> sow milk --> piglet serum was investigated in two experiments with a total of eighty-one sows and their piglets. In experiments conducted during the last trimester of gravidity and the 28 d of lactation, diets with glucosinolates (1.9 ...

Oedema disease usually occurs after weaning and is due to infection with Enterotoxaemic Escherichia coli strains. A total of 240 weaned piglets were used in five groups during a 28-day period. One group (a negative control) was offered feed free of antimicrobials ad libitum, three groups were offered the same ...

The present study was performed to evaluate retrospectively the influence of birth litter size, birth parity number, performance test parameters (growth rate from birth to 100kg body weight and backfat thickness at 100kg body weight) and age at first mating (AFM) of gilts on their reproductive performance as sows. Traits ...

Fifty-nine multiparous Large White x Landrace sows were used to determine the effects of high ambient temperature and level of dietary heat increment on lactation and reproductive performance. During a 28-d lactation and the 14-d postweaning period, ambient temperature was maintained constant at 20 or 29 degrees C. Experimental diets ...

Total litter weight weaned at 120 d postpartum per ewe lambing is often believed to be a measure of range ewe productivity. Genetic correlations for litter weight weaned at 120 d with prolificacy, growth, and wool traits for Columbia, Polypay, Rambouillet, and Targhee sheep were estimated using REML with animal ...

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of major dietary energy source fed from weaning to ovulation or from ovulation to d 35 of pregnancy on reproductive traits in primiparous sows. Dietary energy sources were used to manipulate the plasma insulin concentration. One hundred thirteen sows were used in ...

During a 21-day lactation period, 48 primiparous sows were fed a fat- or a starch-rich diet (131 g fat and 183 g starch + sugar x kg(-1) vs. 31 g fat and 351 g starch + sugar x kg(-1)) at a high or a low level of feeding (44 vs. ...