We examined the effect of vitamin K and vitamin D supplementation on calcium balance in young rats fed a normal or low calcium diet. Eighty female Sprague-Dawley rats, 6 wk of age, were randomized by the stratified weight method into eight groups with 10 rats in each group: 0.5% (normal) ...

Little is known about calcium and vitamin D intakes in Middle Eastern countries, where the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is high. This study identifies major sources of calcium and vitamin D in the Lebanese diet, examines lifestyle factors that may influence intake of these nutrients and investigates the relationship between ...

To investigate whether dietary calcium intake is related to body mass index and the sum of four skinfolds among subjects in the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study (the Netherlands), the authors followed a cohort of men and women from age 13 years in 1977 to age 36 years in ...

We studied in a randomized, strictly controlled cross-over design, the effects of 6 days 6 degrees head-down tilt bed rest (HDT) in eight male healthy subjects in our metabolic ward. The study consisted of two periods (phases) of 11 days each in order to allow for the test subjects being ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine if feeding soy in combination with a high-calcium diet would preserve bone mineral density and biomechanical bone strength to a greater extent than either soy or calcium alone. DESIGN: Rats were sham-operated (n = l0) and fed a control diet (AIN93G containing 0.2% calcium, 20% casein) or ...

The influence of glucose-lysine and glucose-methionine Maillard reaction products (MRPs) on calcium availability was studied in rats and in Caco-2 cells. Equimolar glucose/lysine and glucose/methionine mixtures (40% moisture) were heated (150 degrees C, 30 or 90 min) to prepare samples (GL30, GL90, GM30, and GM90, respectively). For 21 days, the ...

Currently, the recommended upper limit for ascorbic acid (AA) intake is 2000 mg/d. However, because AA is endogenously converted to oxalate and appears to increase the absorption of dietary oxalate, supplementation may increase the risk of kidney stones. The effect of AA supplementation on urinary oxalate was studied in a ...

This study investigates the structural adaptation of the mandibular bone when subjected to different masticatory functional and mechanical demands during growth. The effect of two experimental factors, the insertion of a bite block and the alteration of food consistency, on the bone mineral density (BMD) of the mandible was investigated ...

If intake of a required nutrient--here calcium--affects body weight, the effect must be mediated by a change in the body weight set-point. Thus, the controversial 'anti-obesity' influence of high calcium intake should decrease the body weight set-point. Diets differing in calcium content were assigned to three groups of rats. The ...

Twenty-four juvenile leopard tortoises were divided into four groups of six; one group was fed a basic low-calcium feed for six months, and the other three groups were fed the same basic diet supplemented with one, three and nine times the amount of calcium recommended as a supplement to the ...

We studied the effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins extract (GSPE) given as a ratio of 3 mg in 100 g in a standard diet, on the tibial bone diaphysis in low-calcium fed rats. Measurements of bone density, mineral content, geometry, and bone strength using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Further, ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary magnesium (Mg) supplementation on bone loss in rats fed a high phosphorus (P) diet. Weanling Wistar strain rats were randomly divided into four dietary groups of 6 rats each and fed their respective diets; a diet containing 0.3% ...

Because the biggest culprit in pathogenesis of osteoporosis is oestrogen deficiency, hormone replacement therapy remained the mainstay for prevention. However most of postmenopausal women are more inclined to use natural alternative. We thus investigated the ability of Abelmoschus manihot, a herbal medicine to prevent bone loss in ovariectomised rats. Female ...

In the Western world, increased consumption of carbonated soft drinks combined with a decreasing intake of milk may increase the risk of osteoporosis. This study was designed to reflect the trend of replacing milk with carbonated beverages in a group of young men on a low-calcium diet and studies the ...

Obesity is increasing in the United States in epidemic proportions. Epidemiologic data suggest that people with high calcium intake have a lower prevalence of overweight, obesity, and insulin resistance syndrome. Studies in transgenic mice have demonstrated that calcium influences adipocyte metabolism. High calcium intake depresses levels of parathyroid hormone and ...

Fat sand rats Psammomys obesus feed exclusively on plants of the family Chenopodiaceae, which contain high concentrations of chloride salts (NaCl, KCl) and oxalate salts. Ingestion of large quantities of oxalate is challenging for mammals because oxalate chelates Ca(2+) cations, reducing Ca(2+) availability. Oxalate is a metabolic end-point in mammalian ...

PURPOSE: Nutrition is suggested to be the major environmental risk factor in idiopathic calcium oxalate stone disease. The study was designed to evaluate the effect of dietary intervention on urinary risk factors for recurrence in calcium oxalate stone formers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 76 men and 31 women ...

Urolithiasis is a multifactorial recurrent disease of world-wide distribution in rural, urban, industrial and non-industrial regions. Changes in urinary pH is a risk factor especially with hyperuricosuria, hypercalciuria or hyperoxaluria. With recurrence, hypercalcuria and higher urinary oxalate levels are more frequent. Hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria showed correlation with family history of ...

OBJECTIVE: High sodium intake accompanied by insufficient dietary calcium may have detrimental effects on bone mass. Our study evaluated the effects of increased sodium and decreased calcium intakes on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in rats. METHODS: Four-month-old female Wistar rats were given deionized water or ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess structural changes, especially structural anisotropy, of rat bone trabecular system 6 months after ovariectomy followed by low-calcium diet. METHOD: The study was carried out on the group of 32 female rats, half of which were ovariectomized at the age of 75 days. The animals were divided into ...

BACKGROUND: Previous results suggested that increased intake of dairy calcium is associated with reduced weight and fat mass. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether long-term increases in consumption of dairy calcium alter body weight and fat mass in young, healthy women. DESIGN: We used a randomized, ...

BACKGROUND: Sodium is an important determinant of urinary calcium excretion, and race is an important determinant of calcium retention. The effect of dietary sodium on calcium retention and the influence of race have not been studied in adolescence, the life stage during which peak bone mass is accrued. OBJECTIVE: The ...

Isocaloric dietary protein deficiency is associated with decreased BMD and bone strength as well as depressed somatotroph and gonadotroph axis. Inhibition of increased bone resorption by the bisphosphonate pamidronate in rats fed an isocaloric low-protein diet fully prevents bone loss and alteration of bone strength. INTRODUCTION: Isocaloric dietary protein deficiency ...

The effect of 3 wk of splintage of a single hindlimb on the midarea and mineral content of both tibial metaphyses was assessed immediately after splint removal and after 1 mo of mobilization in 12-wk-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Immobilization reduced tibial metaphyseal bone mineral density (BMD) in immobilized limbs compared with ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hypocitraturia, an important risk factor for calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, is the result of numerous factors. We studied citrate excretion by patients with and without stones consuming normal and controlled formula diets. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Subjects with and without a history of calcium oxalate stones (N = 101 ...

The widespread contamination by lead and the acidification of the environment ask for a better understanding of the effects of the interaction between lead and calcium on various aspects of health, including disease defense, in wildlife. Here, we investigated the effects of chronic exposure to sublethal levels of lead, combined ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the 24-hour urinary excretion of calcium was a reliable surrogate marker for dietary calcium intake. Although dietary calcium intake has been negatively correlated with the risk of recurrent calcium-based stones, detailed dietary histories are not routinely evaluated in most patients with recurrent stone formation. METHODS: The ...

Bone development during puberty and adolescence may influence the later risk of osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the three-dimensional development of the lumbar vertebrae is impaired in terms of bone mineral density and temporal control during the pubertal growth spurt when caloric intake is limited. ...

The aim of this study was to determine whether protein, administered alone or simultaneously with a hypercalcic diet, was able to aggravate calcium oxalate stone formation in rats. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of 8 rats each and assigned a calcium oxalate lithogenic diet added ...

High-protein and acidogenic diets induce hypercalciuria. Foods or supplements with excess sulfur-containing amino acids increase endogenous sulfuric acid production and therefore have the potential to increase calcium excretion and alter bone metabolism. In this study, effects of an amino acid/carbohydrate supplement on bone resorption were examined during bed rest. Thirteen ...

We studied the effect of dietary supplementation with grape seed proanthocyanidins extract (GSPE) 3 mg added in 100 g high-calcium diet with a calcium content of 1697 mg 100 g(-1) on mandibular condyle bone debility, which was induced by a low-calcium diet. Forty Wistar male rats, 5 week old, were ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with sodium chloride (NaCl) on urinary calcium excretion, urine calcium concentration, and urinary relative supersaturation (RSS) with calcium oxalate (CaOx). ANIMALS: 6 adult female healthy Beagles. PROCEDURE: By use of a crossover study design, a canned diet designed to decrease CaOx urolith ...

Different types of ipriflavone (IF) have been reported to be effective when used as a remedy for bone loss due to osteoporosis. However, no information is available regarding the relationship between IF and jaw bone structure. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of IF on rat ...

A 13-year-old intact male poodle had suffered periodic tetanic crises for two months. It was cachectic and moderately dehydrated, and during the crises blindness, a stiff gait and behavioural changes were observed. Routine haematological and biochemical profiles showed that it was severely hypocalcaemic, with a corrected plasma calcium concentration of ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the bone changes induced by unloading in rats fed different diets, because space flight studies use a semipurified diet, whereas space flight simulation studies typically use nonpurified diets. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a purified American Institute of Nutrition (AIN) 93G diet ...

BACKGROUND: We investigated the effects of a calcium-fortified beverage supplemented over 12 months on body composition in postmenopausal women (n = 37, age = 48-75 y). METHODS: Body composition (total-body percent fat, %FatTB; abdominal percent fat, %FatAB) was measured with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. After baseline assessments, subjects were randomly ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of vitamin K2 administration on calcium balance and bone mass in young rats fed a normal or low calcium diet. METHODS: Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats, 6 weeks of age, were randomized by stratified weight method into four groups with ...

Biphosphonates, which are antiresorptive agents used to treat osteoporosis, inhibit the mevalonate pathway, preventing protein prenylation and inhibiting osteoclast activity. Statins decrease cholesterol biosynthesis by blocking the mevalonate pathway and have been reported to have beneficial effects on bone. D-003 is a mixture of high molecular weight acids purified from ...

BACKGROUND: Calcium salts are used as phosphate binders in renal failure, while high calcium diet also improves vasorelaxation and enhances natriuresis. The influences of calcium intake on renal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are largely unknown. METHODS: Four weeks after NTX, rats were put on 3.0% or 0.3% calcium diet for 8 ...

BACKGROUND: The overall effect of fruit and vegetable intake on urinary stone risk profile is not yet known. METHODS: We studied the effect of a two-week period of fruit and vegetable elimination on urinary stone risk profile in 12 normal adults, and of supplementing the diet with a fair quantity ...

Obesity results in numerous preventable deaths and comorbidities. Unfortunately, a reduction of body weight has been correlated with a reduction in bone mass, the reasons for which have not been fully elucidated. The importance of maximizing peak bone mass during premenopausal years is well known. Most studies demonstrate a positive ...

Although high-protein diets induce hypercalciuria in humans, the source of the additional urinary calcium remains unclear. One hypothesis is that the high endogenous acid load of a high-protein diet is partially buffered by bone, leading to increased skeletal resorption and hypercalciuria. We used dual stable calcium isotopes to quantify the ...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diet of 16-18-y-old boys and girls with particular reference to intakes of nutrients believed to affect bone health and dietary acid-base balance. DESIGN: A 7-day food diary was completed between the months of October and December. SETTING: Cambridge, UK. SUBJECTS: A total of 111 boys and ...

We demonstrated previously that dietary calcium suppression of calcitriol reduces adipocyte Ca(2+), suppresses lipogenesis, and increases lipid utilization during energy restriction. Notably, dairy calcium sources exert markedly greater effects. To determine the effects of dietary calcium and dairy products on energy partitioning during subsequent refeeding, we induced obesity in aP2-agouti ...

This study investigated the effects of long-term dietary lipids on mature bone mineral content, collagen concentration, crosslink levels, bone marrow and ex vivo prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) biosynthesis, as well as the relationship of PGE2 production to these bone formation parameters. One-month-old male Japanese quail were given a basal diet containing ...

In this study, we examined changes in bone parameters and bone strength in rats fed low-Mg diets (experiment 1) and the effects of vitamin K2 (MK-4, experiment 3) and alendronate (ALN, experiment 2) in this model. In experiment 1, 5-week-old male Wistar rats were fed three low-Mg diets (Mg 9, ...

The intermediary metabolic enzyme alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) contains a Pro11Leu polymorphism that decreases its catalytic activity by a factor of three and causes a small proportion to be mistargeted from its normal intracellular location in the peroxisomes to the mitochondria. These changes are predicted to have significant effects on the ...

Classical galactosemia is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder of galactose metabolism. Treatment consists of life-long dietary restriction of galactose. Despite treatment, long-term complications occur such as a decreased bone mineral density (BMD). A decreased BMD might be the result of either dietary deficiencies secondary to the galactose-restricted diet or unknown ...

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for assessing dietary calcium intake in the general population, since all available questionnaires at present are age- and/or gender-specific. A total of 1001 individuals (including children, adults, and elderly people of both genders) were randomly ...

(-)-Hydroxycitric acid (HCA) is a principle constituent (10-30%) of the dried fruit rind of Garcinia cambogia, a plant native to Southeastern Asia. The dried rind has been used for centuries throughout Southeast Asia as a food preservative, flavoring agent and carminative. Extensive experimental studies show that HCA inhibits fat synthesis ...