Increasing prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease may be due to imbalance in the intake of n-6 and n-3 PUFA in the diet. This study investigates the impact of varying ratios of dietary linoleic acid (LA, 18 : 2n-6) to α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18 : 3n-3) on the inflammatory response in dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced ...

The peel of Citrus sunki HORT. ex TANAKA has been widely used in traditional Asian medicine for the treatment of many diseases, including indigestion and bronchial asthma. In this study, we investigated the antiobesity activity of immature C. sunki peel extract (designated CSE) using high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6 mice ...

The brain that grows and develops under the continued influence of malnutrition presents permanent impairment on functioning and neurotransmitter release. The aim of this study was to investigate the chronic effects of neonatal food restriction on neurochemical and neurodynamical aspects within the primary auditory sensory pathway. Our working hypothesis is ...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cysteamine on growth performance of preweaning piglets and gastric expression of ghrelin mRNA in vivo and in vitro. Twelve litters of newborn piglets were allocated randomly to control and treatment groups. From 15 d of age, piglets in ...

In this study, we report ghrelin and leptin immunoreactive (ir) cells distribution in the gastrointestinal tract and blood ghrelin and leptin levels in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii) fed diets with different fatty acid compositions. Juvenile rainbow trout and Murray cod were fed five iso-energetic ...

BACKGROUND: Extremely obese adolescents are increasingly undergoing bariatric procedures, which restrict dietary intake. However, as yet, no data are available describing the change in caloric density or composition of the adolescent bariatric patient's diet pre- and postoperatively. Our objective was to assess the 1-year change in the dietary composition of ...

The aim of this study was to investigate whether intakes of total fat and fat subtypes were associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), gastric cardia or gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma. From 1995-1996, dietary intake data was reported by 494,978 participants of the NIH-AARP cohort. 630 EAC, 215 ...

Seventy-two adult cheetahs were evaluated for the degree of gastritis by endoscopic biopsy and for renal disease by serum creatinine. Cheetahs free of Grade 3 gastritis and renal disease were placed on Trial A; remaining cheetahs were placed on Trial B, which ran concurrently. All cheetahs were monitored for 4 ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the relationship between ulcerative colitis and obesity, which are both chronic diseases characterized by inflammation and increases in immune cells and proinflammatory cytokines. METHODS: Mice with chronic ulcerative colitis induced by 2 cycles of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in the first and fourth week of ...

BACKGROUND: The effects of gastric bypass surgery on the secretion of the anorexigenic gut-derived hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), independent of caloric restriction and due to different dietary macronutrients, is not well characterized. This study examines the effects of a mixed-nutrient or high-fat liquid meal on the ...

BACKGROUND: A better understanding of the environmental factors leading to inflammatory bowel disease should help to prevent occurrence of the disease and its relapses. AIM: To review current knowledge on dietary risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS: The PubMed, Medline and Cochrane Library were searched for studies on diet ...

Bariatric surgery results in durable weight loss and improved comorbidities. The objectives of this study were to examine the efficacy of gastric bypass in reducing comorbid burden and improving metabolic status among morbidly obese adolescents. The medical records of 15 gastric bypass patients were retrospectively reviewed. Changes in metabolic markers ...

Case Description-13 equids (10 horses, 2 donkeys, and 1 pony) were examined for signs of colic (n = 7), weight loss (6), anorexia (3), and diarrhea (2). Ten equids were evaluated in the fall (September to November). Seven equids had a history of persimmon ingestion. Clinical Findings-A diagnosis of phytobezoar ...

To evaluate whether combination therapy with anti-tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) antibody and Zn acetate is beneficial in dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) colitis. Colitis was induced in CD1-Swiss mice with 5% DSS for 7 d. The experimental mice were then randomised into the following subgroups: standard diet + DSS treated ...

BACKGROUND: In ulcerative colitis (UC), reduction of inflammation may represent a key mechanism in UC therapy, and anti-inflammatory agents would be good candidates for preventing UC. Kaempferol, a natural flavonoid, is believed to have anti-inflammatory activities and has been shown to be potentially immune-modulatory. AIMS: The aim of this study ...

ABSTRACT: Background, Cinnamon has been shown to delay gastric emptying of a high-carbohydrate meal and reduce postprandial glycemia in healthy adults. However, it is dietary fat which is implicated in the etiology and is associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to determine the effect of ...

PURPOSE: Recent epidemiological studies have shown that habitual consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), the characteristic culinary fat of the Mediterranean area, is effective in the prevention of diverse types of digestive disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease. Many of these benefits are, in addition to its high proportion ...

Background: Micronutrient deficiencies are common in patients undergoing gastric bypass. The effect of this type of surgery on zinc absorption and zinc status is not well known. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) on zinc status and zinc absorption at different stages after ...

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have shown an association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and gastric cancer. This study was carried out to assess the effect of MetS on gastric dysplasia in a Korean population presenting for health check-ups. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, case-control study on gastric dysplasia between November 2003 and ...

Roux-en-Y Gastric bypass is the most effective therapy for morbid obesity. This study investigated how gastric bypass affects intake of and preference for high fat food in an experimental (rats) study and within a trial setting (humans). Proportion of dietary fat in gastric bypass patients was significantly lower six years ...

Recent studies indicate that l-glutamate (l-Glu), abundant in many foods, is a stimulator of gastric vagal afferent nerves. The aim of the present study was to examine the possibility that l-Glu supplementation of a protein-rich liquid diet may prevent the incidence of diarrhoea during repetitive intra-gastric tube feeding. The gastric ...

Optimal ratio of lysine (Lys) to threonine (Thr) in diets for growing barrows [genotype: Piétrain × (Large White × German Landrace)] was established at 30, 50, 70, 90 and 110 kg body weight (BW). N balance studies were conducted with diets based on constant mixture of wheat, barley, soybean meal ...

1. A 3 × 2 factorial experimental design was used to investigate the interaction between threonine concentration (0.7, 1.0 and 1.3 of National Research Council (NRC), 1994, recommendations) and manno-oligosaccharides (MOS) supplemented at 0 and 2 g/kg on growth performance in relation to intestinal flow of crude mucins, mucosal development ...

1. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the interactive effects of manno-oligosaccharides (MOS; Bio-MOS®) and dietary threonine on the growth performance in relation to intestinal mucin dynamics in broiler chickens from 1 to 21 and from 22 to 35 d of age. Two concentrations of MOS (0 or 2 g/kg ...

1. A 3 × 2 factorial experimental design was used to investigate the interaction between threonine concentration (0.70, 1.0 and 1.3 of National Research Council (NRC), 1994, recommendations) and manno-oligosaccharides (0 and 2 g/kg) on feed passage rate in relation to intestinal microbial activities and crude mucin turnover. 2. There ...

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) of average body mass 0.07+/-0.02 g were fed three formulated diets: wheat gluten protein-based diet supplemented with Lys-Gly dipeptide (PP), wheat gluten protein-based diet supplemented with free lysine and glycine (AA), and a wheat gluten protein-based control diet without lysine supplementation (CON), frozen zooplankton (Z) (restricted ...

Threonine is of great importance for the maintenance of intestinal health. However, little is known about the optimal level of dietary threonine for neonates or the underlying mechanisms of its beneficial action. Our objective in this study was to determine the effects of graded levels of true ileal digestible (TID) ...

This study examined the effect of decreasing ideal protein concentrations on performance and nutrient efficiency. The experimental diets contained 100%, 90%, 80% or 70% of the ideal dietary protein level (Diet 100%, 90%, 80% and 70%, respectively) estimated in previous experiments with pigs of the same genetic background. The four ...

A threonine-adequate control diet and four Thr-deficient (80% of requirement) diets were formulated to contain similar amounts of digestible lysine and the recommended pattern of other standardised ileal digestible essential amino acids (except Thr). Threonine-deficient diets were supplemented with different amounts and sources of non-essential amino acids, namely 0, 20, ...

In this study the effects of L-lysine hydrochloride (containing 78.8% available lysine as crystalline lysine) and L-lysine sulfate (containing 51% available lysine in bacterial cell mass) as source of supplemental lysine in broiler chickens was assessed. The basal diet was supplemented with either L-lysine hydrochloride or L-lysine sulfate to meet ...

Rodents exhibit aversive behavior toward a diet that lacks at least one of the essential amino acids. We sought to determine whether the particular form of anorexia caused by such diets could be ameliorated by the administration of orexigenic peptides while simultaneously analyzing the neural mechanisms underlying anorexia. Rats were ...

Demand for nonsolar energy and concern about the implications of fossil fuel combustion have encouraged examination of energy use associated with agriculture. The United States is a global leader in pig production, and the United States swine industry is centered in Iowa. Feed is the largest individual input in pig ...

To investigate the effects of lysine restriction and subsequent realimentation on growth performance, blood profiles and gene expression of leptin and myostatin, 128 weaned pigs [initial body weight (BW) 6.96 ± 1.07 kg, 26 ± 2 days of age] were randomly allotted to four treatments. The starter diets during the ...

We used a factorial approach to distinguish maintenance from growth requirements for protein, lysine and methionine in the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Juvenile P. monodon (initial weight 2.4 g) were fed during 6 weeks one of ten semi-purified diets based on casein and purified amino acids (AA) as N ...

Objective-To determine within a cat shelter effects of dietary lysine supplementation on nasal and ocular disease and detection of nucleic acids of Chlamydophila felis, feline calicivirus (FCV), and feline herpesvirus (FHV-1). Animals-261 adult cats. Procedures-Cats were fed a diet containing 1.7% (basal diet; control cats) or 5.7% (supplemented diet; treated ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine within a cat shelter effects of dietary lysine supplementation on nasal and ocular disease and detection of nucleic acids of Chlamydophila felis, feline calicivirus (FCV), and feline herpesvirus (FHV-1). ANIMALS: 261 adult cats. PROCEDURES: Cats were fed a diet containing 1.7% (basal diet; control cats) or 5.7% ...

The polyphagous insect Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) has a tremendous adaptability in feeding behaviour, making it a serious invasive pest of stored cereals. The present study identifies the metabolite composition of Sitophilus oryzae (S. oryzae) using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Assignment of 1D-proton by NMR, 1H-1H COSY, 2D-TOCSY 1H-1H, ...

Animals detect and reject their first essential/indispensable amino acid (IAA) deficient meal within 20min; this IAA sensing requires an intact anterior piriform cortex (APC). In the biochemical responses to IAA deficiency in the APC we have shown that: uncharged tRNA is the primary sensor; IAA transport is increased; and signaling, ...

1. Diets containing 100 (AA100), 95 (AA95), 90 (AA90) or 85% (AA85) of National Research Council (NRC, 1994) recommendations of methionine, threonine and lysine in a low-protein diet (200 g/kg) were fed to 15-d-old quails. 2. Decreases of up to 15% of NRC recommendations in these three amino acids did ...

Most studies concerning the Ile requirement in pigs have been carried out using blood products as a protein source, and these have a relatively low Ile content relative to the other branched-chain AA (BCAA). There are indications that an excess supply of one BCAA can affect the utilization of the ...

The response of broiler chickens to two levels of endo-1,4-beta xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) and endo-1,3-beta glucanase (EC 3.2.1.6) combination (with and without), three levels of digestible lysine (0.8%, 0.9% and 1.0% with the applicability of ideal protein concept) and two levels of cottonseed meal (CSM; 20% and 30%) were evaluated ...

Diets deficient in an indispensable amino acid are known to suppress food intake in rats. Few studies were focused at understanding how amino acid-deficient diets may elicit biochemical changes at the mitochondrial level. The goal of this study was to evaluate mitochondrial function in rats fed diets with 0.00, 0.18, ...

Studies on larval rearing of silver bream (Vimba vimba), a migratory cyprinid fish have addressed on limited scale larval and juvenile rearing using commercial and semipurified diets along with live feeds, such as brine shrimp Artemia nauplii. The objectives of the present study were (1) to determine whether experimental, protein-, ...

We have shown that urinary urea excretion decreased in rats fed a low gluten diet supplemented with dietary limiting amino acids. The purpose of present study was to determine whether the addition of dietary limiting amino acids to a low gluten diet affected the synthesis and degradation of N-acetylglutamate and ...

The gene for a lysine-rich protein (sb401) obtained from potatoes (Solanum berthaultii) was inserted into maize seed to produce Y642 transgenic maize. Compositional analysis of Y642 grain demonstrated that the concentrations of lysine and total protein were higher than those observed in maize grain from a near-isogenic non-genetically modified (non-GM) ...

Amino acids are known to be anabolic factors that affect protein metabolism, but the response of animals to daily amino acid changes is little understood. We aimed to test the effects of feeding birds with alternations of diets varying in lysine content on the expression of genes related to proteolysis ...

New estimates of the indispensable amino acid requirements of adult humans are much higher than previously thought and questions the adequacy of cereal-based diets of low protein quality. However, dietary amino acid requirements may be supplemented by contributions from the intestinal microbiota. This study measured the contribution of intestinal microbes ...

A study was conducted in a completely randomized design to evaluate the performance, excreta characteristics, and some blood nitrogen metabolite concentrations of 28-d-old male broilers fed 4 experimental diets in which CP was decreased in a stepwise manner from 23 to 17%. The other 4 diets were formulated to have ...

OBJECTIVE: We examined in this study whether histone H3 acetylations on jejunal NA(+)/glucose transport-1 (SGLT1) gene are associated with induction of its gene by feeding mice a high carbohydrate/fat ratio diet. METHODS: The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays using antibodies of acetylated histone H3 were performed in jejunum of mice fed ...

Five 9- or 12-d chick growth bioassays were done in batteries using 2 Met-deficient diets: a purified AA-based diet containing (by analysis, as-fed) 20.3% CP, 0.12% Met, and 0.05% cyst(e)ine; and an AA-fortified corn-peanut meal diet containing (by analysis, as-fed) 19.0% CP, 0.22% Met, and 0.23% cyst(e) ine. Feed-grade DL-Met ...