BACKGROUND: Although metabolic syndrome (MS) is likely to be associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), visceral fat type MS and subcutaneous fat type MS have not been distinguished. In this study, we divided persons with MS into those with visceral and subcutaneous fat types by ultrasonography (US), and elucidated ...

A higher proportion of small, dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) is known to be associated with a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in association with metabolic syndrome (MS). Hypertension (HTN) is one of the known risk factors for MS. However, whether HTN is associated with sdLDL in patients without MS is ...

We previously showed that amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ42) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were markedly altered in response to a 4-week dietary intervention in normal aging and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Here, we re-examined the data to assess whether diet-induced effects on CSF Aβ42 were modulated by high intensity physical activity ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The breakdown of the blood-brain-barrier vascular endothelium is critical for entry of immune cells into the MS brain. Vascular co-morbidities are associated with increased risk of progression. Dyslipidemia, elevated LDL and reduced HDL may increase progression by activating inflammatory processes at the vascular endothelium. OBJECTIVE: To assess the ...

Validated self-report methods of dietary assessment exist and might be improved in terms of both accuracy and cost-efficiency with computer technology. The objectives of this preliminary study were to develop an initial version of an interactive CD-ROM program to estimate fruit, vegetable, and fat intake, and to compare it to ...

Background: The present study was determined the influence of physical activity and dietary habits on lipid profile, blood pressure (BP) and body mass index (BMI) in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MS). Aims: Identify the relationship between physical activity and proper nutrition and the probability of suffering from myocardial infarction (MI). ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype is characterized by an increase in plasma triglycerides, a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), and the prevalence of small, dense-low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) particles. The aim of this study was to establish the importance of LDL particle size measurement by gender in ...

There is now strong evidence linking vitamin D, the steroid hormone of sunlight, and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Two of the most intriguing findings are the season of birth and childhood sun exposure effects. They both suggest that a vitamin D deficiency during these critical imprinting periods is a risk factor ...

Through an HPLC-q-ToF-MS-driven non-targeted metabolomics approach, we aimed to discriminate changes in the urinary metabolome of subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS), following 12 weeks of mixed nuts consumption (30g/day), compared to sex- and age-matched individuals given a control diet. The urinary metabolome corresponding to the nuts-enriched diet clearly clustered in ...

The twenty-first century arrived in the middle of a global epidemic of metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). It is generally accepted that an excess of nutrients linked to a low physical activity triggers the problem. However, the molecular features that interact to develop the MS are ...

Investigating cholesterol metabolism, which derives from balancing cholesterol synthesis and absorption, opens new perspectives in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemias and the metabolic syndrome (MS). Cholesterol metabolism is studied by measuring plasma levels of campesterol, sitosterol and cholestanol, that is, plant sterols which are recognised as surrogate cholesterol-absorption markers and lathosterol ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether vitamin D (VD) levels in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients exhibit inter-dependence with serum lipid profile variables (serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein or HDL, low-density lipoprotein or LDL, and triglycerides) and to investigate the associations with clinical disability measures. METHODS: The study population consisted of consecutive 178 MS ...

It is commonly accepted that nutrition is one of the possible environmental factors involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), but its role as complementary MS treatment is unclear and largely disregarded. At present, MS therapy is not associated to a particular diet, probably due to lack of information ...

Low concentrations of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and chronic stress are implicated in susceptibility to mood disorders. We have investigated the combined effects of chronic n-3 PUFA dietary deficiency and early maternal separation (MS) stress on the reactivity to stressful situations of rats as adults. Pups fed a control ...

Background : The amount of body fat, rather than the amount of excess weight, determines the health risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Aims : To look at the association of body fat percentage with cardiometabolic risk factors in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Settings ...

Insect myosuppressins and myosuppressin analogues were tested for oral toxicity against the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) by incorporation into an artificial diet. Acyrthosiphon pisum myosuppressin (Acypi-MS) and leucomyosuppressin (LMS) had significant dose-dependent effects (0.1-0.5μg peptide/μl diet) on feeding suppression, mortality, reduced growth and fecundity compared with control insects, but ...

To compare the effects of a 4-week high-saturated fat/high-glycemic index (HIGH) diet with a low-saturated fat/low-glycemic index (LOW) diet on insulin and lipid metabolism, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of Alzheimer disease, and cognition for healthy adults and adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Randomized controlled trial. Veterans Affairs Medical ...

Sympathetic activation in subjects with the metabolic syndrome (MS) plays a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease development. Diet-induced weight loss decreases sympathetic outflow. However the mechanisms that account for sympathetic inhibition are not known. We sought to provide a detailed description of the sympathetic response to diet by ...

The current world-wide epidemic of obesity has stimulated interest in developing simple screening methods to identify individuals with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) or metabolic syndrome (MS). Prior work utilizing body composition obtained by sophisticated technology has shown that the ratio of abdominal fat to total fat is a ...

Fat accumulation in android compartments may confer increased metabolic risk. The incremental utility of measuring regional fat deposition in association with metabolic syndrome (MS) has not been well described particularly in an elderly population. As part of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging, which is a community-based cohort ...

The long-term effect of the WW programme on weight and oral cariogenic bacteria was evaluated after 7 yr. All WW who completed the 8-wk dietary regimen in an earlier study (n=33) and the persons in the reference group (REF) (n=27) were invited to participate. The salivary secretion rate, numbers of ...

There is strong evidence that whole-grain foods protect against heart disease. Although underlying mechanisms and components are unclear, betaine, found at high levels in wheat aleurone, may play a role. We evaluated the effects of a diet high in wheat aleurone on plasma betaine and related measures. In a parallel, ...

Dietary methyl donors might influence DNA methylation during carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Among 609 CRC cases and 1,663 subcohort members of the Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer (n = 120,852), we estimated CRC risk according to methyl donor intake across genotypes of folate metabolizing enzymes and methyltransferases.Although diet-gene interactions ...

1. The aim was to investigate the molecular characterisation and effects of dietary folate supplementation on mRNA concentrations of the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) in chicken. 2. Twenty-four (n = 8/treatment) laying hens were allocated at random to one of three dietary treatments: a basal diet without supplemental folate, or ...

Nutritional parameters, such as B-vitamins, have not been studied for an association with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size. The present study explored whether serum vitamin levels, including folate and vitamin B-12, could be associated with LDL particle size. Using a randomly selected population of 255 hospital workers, we collected detailed ...

Folate concentrations in selected fruits were measured using the trienzyme extraction and microbiological assay with Lactobacillus casei (subsp. Rhamnosus) as an assay organism. Fruits were purchased from different retail outlets at Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India and were analyzed for total folate content. The folate content in all fruits varied considerably on ...

PURPOSE: Elevated circulating oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) levels are associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis, which may be due to high plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and low intakes of antioxidants. We investigated the contribution of dietary intakes of antioxidants to Hcy-induced LDL oxidation in atherosclerotic patients (AP) and controls. MATERIALS ...

Little attention has been given to the association of dietary patterns with plasma homocysteine. Our objective in this study was to identify major dietary patterns and investigate their association with plasma homocysteine. In a cross-sectional survey, 872 healthy adults (355 males, 517 females; aged 18-60 y) were enrolled from an ...

Predictive power, for total and vascular mortality, of selected indices measured at baseline in the British National Diet and Nutrition Survey (community-living subset) of People Aged 65 Years and Over was tested. Mortality status and its primary and underlying causes were recorded for 1100 (mean age 76.7 (sd 7.5) years, ...

The conversion of folic acid (FA) to the biologically active 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) is necessary for the deposition of folate in the egg. A study was conducted to compare egg folate concentrations, indices of folate status, and activities of folate-dependent enzymes in response to equimolar intake of either FA or 5-MTHF ...

Increased homocysteine levels might accelerate dopaminergic cell death in Parkinson's disease (PD) through neurotoxic effects; thus, increasing intake of B vitamins involved in the regulation of homocysteine metabolism might decrease the risk of PD through decreasing plasma homocysteine. However, epidemiological evidence for the association of dietary B vitamins with PD ...

The addition of folic acid to the US food supply, along with the critical role of folate in certain health outcomes, has intensified worldwide interest in the bioavailability of folate. Bioavailability is a function of absorptive and postabsorptive processes, which in turn are influenced by diet, individuality, and complex diet-host ...

BACKGROUND: Increased homocysteine (Hcy) levels predispose to atherosclerosis. Vitamin B6, B12 and folate play an important role in Hcy metabolism. AIM: To assess vitamin B6, B12 and folate intake and describe the relationship between these vitamins intake and Hcy level in the Polish population. METHODS: Within the framework of the ...

BACKGROUND: Vitamin B12 deficiency as a digestive disorder and constipation as a gastro motility disorder are common in the elderly. Laxative treatment is often chosen without regard for gut health. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the addition of oat-bran to the common oral diet for 12 weeks is able to reduce ...

Recent studies have suggested an association between dietary folate, and related B-vitamins, and risk for cancer, potentially mediated by the p53 tumor suppressor gene. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of dietary folate and vitamin B(6) intake on p53 in the molecular pathogenesis of esophageal adenocarcinoma ...

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), commonly referred to as canker sores, is a very common and painful oral mucosal disease. Although the etiology of RAS is not well understood, a number of factors may play a role, including nutritional deficiencies. The objective of this study was to compare dietary vitamin intake ...

This historical review addresses major neurological disorders associated with deficiencies of water-soluble B vitamins: beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, pellagra, neural tube defects, and subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. Beriberi: Beriberi was known for millennia in Asia, but was not described by a European until the 17th century when Brontius ...

Since hyper-homocysteinemia (HHcy) was recognized as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), many studies tried to induce HHcy in animal models to investigate its effect on amyloid-beta protein precursor (AbetaPP) metabolism. Previous reports found that HHcy induced in AD transgenic mouse models, by either feedina a methionine-enriched diet or ...

BACKGROUND: Several studies demonstrated an association of homocysteine plasma levels and the plasma lipoprotein profile. This cross-sectional pilot study aimed at analyzing whether blood levels of the two important cofactors of homocysteine metabolism, folate and vitamin B12, coincide with the lipoprotein profile. METHODS: In a retrospective single center approach, we ...

Epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that elevated circulating level of homocysteine (Hcy) is a risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Dietary deficiency of folate, vitamin B6 and B12 results in a significant increase of Hcy levels, a condition also known as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). In the present study we tested ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective is to determine any possible differences between haematological, biochemical and bone mineral density in vegetarians (vegans and lacto-ovovegetarians) and non-vegeterians. METHODS: The examined group consisted of 100 individuals: 50 non-vegetarians and 50 vegetarians. The vegetarian group was further divided in 2 subgroups: 20 vegans and 30 lacto-ovovegetarians. ...

Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord (SACD), a condition resulting from vitamin B12 deficiency, generally affects elderly people. We present a 12-year-old girl, who, despite a non-vegetarian diet and no obvious etiological factors, developed SACD.

Maternal protein restriction in rat pregnancy is associated with altered feeding behaviour in later life. When allowed to self-select their diet, rats subject to prenatal undernutrition show an increased preference for fatty foods. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of folic acid in the ...

BACKGROUND: A long-term vegetarian diet is generally poor in vitamin B group. The lack of vitamin B(12) together with vitamin B(6) and folate deficiency is closely related to homocysteine metabolism. Hyperhomocysteinemia was found to be associated with increased bone turnover markers and increased fracture risk. Thus, hyperhomocysteinemia, vitamin B(12) and ...

In the present study, homocysteine (Hcy) and vitamin B status were determined in healthy subjects living in two opposite regions of the Ivory Coast. Fifty-six subjects from a coastal region (Bodou) having a fish-based diet and 56 subjects from a mountainous area (Glanle) having a vegetarian diet were tested to ...

This study aimed to estimate the status of serum vitamin B12 level in patients attending Jordan University Hospital in Amman, and to examine the relationship with demographic data, chronic illness, dietary habits, haematological parameters and symptoms related to vitamin B12 levels. A total of 838 patients completed a questionnaire and ...

BACKGROUND: The association between vegetarian diets and bone mineral density (BMD) is controversial because of conflicting findings from previous studies. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of vegetarian diets on BMD by using a meta-analytic approach. DESIGN: A systematic electronic literature search was conducted to ...

In the recent past, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY) has been linked to chronic heart failure. Folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies are the common causes of HHCY. The impact of these vitamins on cardiac function and morphology has scarcely been investigated. The aim of this study was to conduct an analysis of the ...

We determined the effects of dietary supplementation with folate and vitamin B(12) on lipid metabolism and the deposition of these vitamins in eggs of laying hens (age 64-72 weeks). Four levels of folate (0, 0.5, 4 and 10 mg/kg) and three levels of vitamin B(12) (0, 0.01 and 0.08 mg/kg) ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To investigate the efficiency of [6S]-5-methyltetrahydrofolate or Metafolin ([6S]-5-CH(3)-H(4)folate) on the recovery of folate status, we conducted a depletion-repletion rat model study using a growing-up milk as the folate carrier. METHODS: The effect of [6S]-5-CH(3)-H(4)folate was compared to that of folic acid (PGA or Pte-Glu), by feeding ...