The relationship of folate status and polyphenol intake to thiamin status was studied in 80 randomly selected elderly and young Irish women, with key variables affecting thiamin nutrition controlled for. Folate, thiamin, and polyphenol intakes were measured during a 4-wk baseline (elderly and young) and 6-wk double-blind (elderly) supplementation period. ...

To clarify relationships between dietary folic acid intake, blood levels and body stores of folate, rats were fed an amino acid-based diet supplemented with 0, 0.125, 0.5, 1, 2 or 4 mg folic acid/kg diet for 25 d. Folate concentrations of carcass, liver, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, kidney, spleen, testes, heart ...

Two trials involving housed cattle examined the effect of Co depletion and supplementation on immune status as assessed by the neutrophil function test which measures the ability of isolated neutrophils to kill the yeast Candida albicans. A third trial investigated the extent to which Co status influenced the severity of ...

The haematological status, as well as the fractional absorptions of folic acid-and of vitamin B12 (FAFol and FAB12) were studied longitudinally in 20 coelic children aged 1.2-16.6 yr (mean 7.5 yr) during periods of gluten-free and gluten containing diets. The absorption methods were specially adapted to use in children, and ...

Full blood counts, serum ferritin, vitamin B12 and folate, erythrocyte folate concentrations and nutrient intakes were estimated in twenty-three Indian vegetarian, twenty-two Caucasian omnivores and eighteen Caucasian vegetarian women aged 25-40 years. Energy and copper intakes were lower in the Indian women than in the Caucasians. Intakes of dietary fibre, ...

To assess the adequacy of a vegetarian diet at old age, the dietary intake (assessed through dietary history with cross-check) of 44 apparently healthy lacto-(ovo-)vegetarians, aged 65-97 years, was evaluated. Adequacy was assessed by a comparison of nutrient intake with (Dutch) recommendations and by evaluating data on nutritional status. The ...

In order to study the relation of homocysteine and lipid metabolism to atherogenesis, rabbits were fed a synthetic atherogenic diet and treated with parenteral thioretinaco (N-homocysteine thiolactonyl retinamido cobalamin), thioretinamide (N-homocysteine thiolactonyl retinamide) or homocysteine thiolactone hydrochloride. All three substances were found to increase dietary atherogenesis. Thioretinaco and thioretinamide increase ...

Decreased milk folate secretion in iron-deficient rat dams contributes to the impairment of folate metabolism in nursing pups. The present study was designed to assess whether impaired milk folate secretion secondary to iron deficiency is due to a decrease in the supply of folate to the mammary gland or to ...

A simple HPLC procedure for the routine analyses of Cystathionine ketimine (CK) and Lanthionine ketimine (LK) content in human urine has been developed. The values obtained in morning urine of fifteen healthy subjects (both sexes, 25-45 years old) on a common mixed diet are 330-2480 micrograms/g creatinine (mean 1110) of ...

The present study was designed to determine the relative folate bioavailability from diets containing human, bovine or goat milk and the relative sensitivity of various response criteria used in assessing folate bioavailability. Following a 12-wk depletion period, 16 groups of male rats (n = 5/group) were fed experimental diets with ...

Supplementation of the diet with valine or isoleucine protects the fruit bat from neurological impairment associated with experimentally induced vitamin B12 deficiency. Valine and isoleucine are precursors in the vitamin B12 dependent propionic acid pathway and it is proposed that they exert their protective effect through stimulation of this pathway. ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate nutrient intakes of Seventh-Day Adventist elderly women who were similar in many demographic and life-style factors except for choice of diet. Twenty-three vegetarian and 14 non-vegetarian elderly women (mean +/- standard error ages 72.2 +/- 1.3 and 71.1 +/- 1.4 years, respectively) ...

Folate depletion and repletion protocols are not well standardized. Weanling rats were moderately depleted of folate in 28 d with a folate-free purified diet based on 17% amino acids as the nitrogen source. They were then folate repleted for 23 d with the amino acid diet supplemented with either 125, ...

Because the folate deficiency of chronic alcoholism has been proposed to result from ethanol-induced effects on metabolism or urinary excretion of folate, the present study was designed to evaluate the role of chronic ethanol-induced urinary folate loss on folate homeostasis in the rat. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed nutritionally sufficient ...

Self-reported, dietary intake and biochemical estimates of thiamine, riboflavin, folate, vitamin B-12, protein, and iron were compared in 22, free-living elders by individuals who had senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT) and in 41 who were cognitively normal (CN). The two groups did not differ significantly in their intake ...

The carcinogenic effects of methyl-deficient, amino acid-defined diets have been attributed to alterations in cellular methylation reactions. These diets contain no choline, and methionine is replaced by homocysteine. Hence, all methyl groups needed for methionine biosynthesis with subsequent formation of S-adenosylmethionine and polyamines must be formed de novo utilizing folate-dependent ...

A 47-year-old nonvegan woman presented to my rural family practice with an anemia and was found to be deficient in iron, folate, and vitamin B12. Initial vitamin B12 malabsorption was documented by Schilling test and was reversed by nutritional repletion alone. This case illustrates that simple lack of intrinsic factor ...

The effects of thiouracil in correcting defects in folic acid function produced by B12 deficiency were studied. Addition of the thyroid inhibitor, thiouracil, to a low methionine diet containing B12, increased the oxidation of [2-14C]histidine to carbon dioxide, and increased liver folate levels. Addition of 10% pectin to the diet ...

1. The amounts of magnesium, copper, zinc, phosphorus, manganese, potassium, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folate, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin E and dietary fibre in the British household diet were calculated by applying appropriate values from recent analytical studies to the amounts of foods recorded in the National Food Survey during ...

Development of folate deficiency (FD) was evaluated in weanling rats fed diets containing mixtures of free amino acids or of vitamin-free casein and gelatin as sources of dietary nitrogen. FD could be produced in 21 d with amino acid diets that promoted maximum growth rate, were completely devoid of folate ...

Dietary intake data were collected on Seventh-day Adventist vegetarian and Methodist omnivorous postmenopausal women living in the Los Angeles area: Both groups met the Recommended Dietary Allowances except for zinc, folate, vitamin B-6, and vitamin E. Vegetarians' diets had a somewhat higher nutrient density for folate, thiamin, vitamin C, and ...

A field outbreak of facial eczema occurred during a vitamin B12 response trial in young growing sheep. Pasture cobalt levels were in the low range for sheep (<0.08 mg/kg, 1.358 micromol/kg) and mean (of 3) liver vitamin B12 levels in the sheep were low (<400 nmol/kg) during the period in ...

1. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of two levels of folic acid and two levels of zinc in the diets of rats during pregnancy and lactation. It addressed, among other things, the question of whether an inhibitory effect of folic (pteroylmonoglutamic) acid on Zn ...

1. Haematological, histological and ultrastructural findings in young chicks fed on a purified diet severely deficient in folate are reported. 2. Growth of the birds was greatly depressed and they had a macrocytic anaemia. Other haematological changes included abnormal nuclear formations in erythrocytes, numerous mitoses and hypersegmented granulocytes. 3. Megaloblasts ...

The effect of maternal diet on serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D has not been determined in human lactation. Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, other calcitropic hormones, osteocalcin, and minerals were examined in lactating and nonlactating women consuming a vegetarian or nonvegetarian diet. The vegetarian diet was a macrobiotic diet consisting primarily of whole cereal ...

A 14-year-old white girl suffered from severe neurologic disturbances caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, due to failure to provide vitamin B12 supplementation to a strictly vegetarian diet. The disturbances resolved completely following treatment with vitamin B12. Physicians should be alert to the necessity for vitamin B12 supplementation for strict vegetarians, ...

All official recommendations for folate tend to be far in excess of current estimated intakes. Several recent studies have highlighted this, showing satisfactory folate status in healthy populations consuming considerably less than official RDAs. This study takes a critical look at current RDAs for folate. We have recently developed an ...

Such treatments as vegetarian diets, fresh or raw diets, allergy diets, no-dairy-products diets, fasting, vitamin and mineral supplementation, apple cider vinegar, and honey drinks are touted in the popular press as effective for the treatment of arthritis. In contrast to conventional therapies, the unproven treatments promise not only relief from ...

1. The object of this study was to determine whether meat protein per se is responsible for the higher blood pressures (BP) in omnivores compared with vegetarians. 2. Assessments were made by a double blind randomized control trial in 64 normotensive volunteers recruited from Royal Perth Hospital staff. 3. All ...

In a randomised crossover trial 58 subjects aged 30-64 with mild untreated hypertension were allocated either to a control group eating a typical omnivorous diet or to one of two groups eating an ovolactovegetarian diet for one of two six week periods. A fall in systolic blood pressure of the ...

Eighteen healthy, normal-weight women aged 19 to 27 years who had regular ovulatory menstrual cycles volunteered for the study. Blood was drawn on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays throughout the control cycle and during a 6-week diet period that began with commencement of a new cycle. Nine women followed a vegetarian ...

Vegetarians have a lower body weight than omnivores. In this study the relationship between the weight/height ratio and food consumption was evaluated in 92 ovo-lacto vegetarians and 113 omnivores in Israel. The average weight of the vegetarians was significantly lower than that of the omnivores (60.8 kg vs. 69.1 kg), ...

A group of South African lacto-ovovegetarians were studied. They did not differ from a group of control subjects in respect of height, weight, Quetelet index or percentage body fat. Dietary analysis indicated that the vegetarians had significantly higher intakes of folic acid and ascorbic acid, and significantly lower intakes of ...

Feeding rats a diet containing 1000 IU of retinol/g diet enhances the folate-dependent oxidation to CO2 of formate and histidine. The activity of hepatic methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, which plays a critical role in the regulation of liver folate metabolism, is suppressed in these animals, resulting in decreased 5-methyltetrahydrofolate synthesis. This ensures ...

Monensin in ruminant diets increases production of propionic acid. We have tested the hypothesis that propionic acid may be elevated to such an extent by monensin that it cannot be optimally metabolized by the methyl malonyl-CoA pathway requiring vitamin B12 (B12) in the liver. Thus, the effects of weekly B12 ...

Experiments were conducted to investigate a possible interference by raw soybean meal (RSM) with B12 nutriture of chickens. In Experiment 1, day-old chicks were fed B12-free isonitrogenous and equienergetic diets containing 0 or 40% RSM to determine if RSM accelerated storage losses of B12. After 42 days, RSM decreased growth ...

Many factors including diet modify the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and menstrual periodicity. We have determined the effect of a daily meat or a soybean supplement in rural vegetarian Black women on the length of the menstrual cycle and the episodic and luteinizing releasing hormone stimulated release of luteinizing hormone. The daily ...

The purpose of this article is to review critically the assumptions made to predict the effects of different diets on the pH of urine by calculations from food tables and lists of acid or alkaline ash in foods. Acid/alkaline ash calculations were completed for 7 days' worth of omnivore, lacto-ovo, ...

Serum vitamin B12 from 6 sheep fed a diet containing 0.06 mg cobalt per kg dry matter (DM) was analysed by a radioisotope dilution (RID) technique. The results were compared with values obtained by a microbiological method (Lactobacillus leichmannii - ATCC 7830) specific for "true" vitamin B12. Serum vitamin B12 ...

The present study was designed to determine the effect of folate deficiency on pancreatic acinar cell function. In the first series of experiments, three groups of rats were fed ad libitum regular rat feed, folate-deficient diet, or an equivalent amount of folate-sufficient diet. In the second series of experiments, rats ...

Six middle-aged lactovegetarians (three men and three women) collected copies of four 24-h diets using the duplicate portion sampling technique. By chemical analyses, the nutrient composition of the lactovegetarian diet was determined in detail and compared with that of a mixed Swedish diet (normal) and a vegan diet (vegan) studied ...

This paper reviews the association between a vegetarian diet and a number of risk factors for cardiovascular disease investigated in a series of epidemiological and experimental studies. Ninety-eight Seventh-day Adventist "vegetarians" were similar to 113 Mormon omnivores for strength of religious affiliation, consumption of alcohol, tea and coffee and use ...

The effect of dietary components on the levels of nitrosoproline ( NPRO ) excreted over a 24 h period in the urine was examined in volunteers ingesting known amounts of various food products. The ingestion of nitrite-preserved meats (85-170 g per meal), including canned, rolled or Yunnan ham, cured pork, ...

The effects of phenytoin (DPH) on folate metabolism have been studied in female Swiss Webster mice. Doses of DPH which produce steady-state plasma levels of DPH in the therapeutic range of 10-20 micrograms/ml were found to decrease plasma folate levels. In addition, the in vivo oxidation rate of [14C] formate ...

In Caucasian women, the length of the menstrual cycle is 28 days with a SD of 3.9 days. Many factors including diet modify menstrual periodicity. We have determined the effect of a meatless vegetarian diet in Caucasian women on the length of the menstrual cycle and the episodic and luteinizing ...

Mean fasting plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total triglycerides were 6, 7, and 19% lower (NS) in 36 vegetarian males compared to 18 nonvegetarian males of similar age, weight, height, alcohol consumption, and physical activity levels. None of the participants smoked. Although the vegetarian subjects were characterized by ...

To study the pathogenesis of folate deficiency in chronic alcoholism, monkeys were fed nutritionally complete liquid diets containing 50% of energy as ethanol for 4 years. The initial excretion and subsequent turnover of a tracer dose of intramuscular 3H-folic acid was measured during a 25-day period prior to autopsy. Within ...

During an investigation on the effect of fasting and a vegetarian diet on the symptoms and signs in chronic cutaneous and arthritic diseases studies were made of glucose metabolism, liver function and the plasma concentration and urine excretion of some minerals. The study was performed on 27 patients who stayed ...

The effect of folate intake from orange juice on serum folate was evaluated in 60 women (age 20-39) during 9 weeks of a folate-restricted diet. Twenty-one were users of oral contraceptives (OCA). Folate intake from the restricted diet was 159 +/- 5 micrograms/day, as assessed by dietary surveys. Serum folate ...

The relationship between dietary nutrients and plasma estrone, estradiol-17 beta, estriol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and prolactin levels was investigated in 14 premenopausal Seventh-day Adventist vegetarian (SV) women and 9 premenopausal non-Seventh-day Adventist nonvegetarian (NV) women. The SV subjects consumed less fat, especially saturated fat, and used significantly less fried food than ...