In five short-term experiments conducted in Victoria in 1997 and 1998, grazing dairy cows were given either pasture alone or pasture supplemented with high-energy concentrates, and the fatty acid profiles of milk fat were measured. We established the effects of these feeds on some aspects of milk fat of importance ...

The effects of milk products fermented by Bifidobacterium longum strain BL1, a probiotic strain, on blood lipids in rats and humans were studied. Rats were fed a cholesterol-enriched experimental diet, supplemented with lyophilized powders of 1) acid milk (control), 2) milk fermented with a mixed culture of ordinary yogurt starters ...

Studies comparing lactation in wild mammals have shown that maternal weight scales with offspring weight, milk production, or its energy. However, no study appears to have scaled milk composition with maternal or offspring weight. Although diet affects milk composition and production, their effects in biological studies have almost never seemed ...

Angus bulls (n = 16) selected for either high- or low-milk EPD but similar growth EPD were mated within location at random to Angus cows. Daughters were bred to calve at 2 yr of age and annually until 6 yr of age. Milk yield was measured four times during lactation ...

The influence of amino acid nutrition on the response to milking more frequently, with or without injection of growth hormone, was examined in eight dairy cows in two 4 x 4 Latin squares with 28-d periods. The four treatments were a diet adequate in amino acids with or without injection ...

The goal of this study was to better understand the correspondence between sensory perception and in-nose compound concentration. Five aroma compounds at three different concentrations increasing by factors of 4 were added to four matrixes (water, skim milk, 2.7% fat milk, and 3.8% fat milk). These were evaluated by nosespace ...

Experiments were designed to study compositional differences in colostrum and mature milk and during the course of milk removal. Fractionized milk samples during the course of machine milking were analyzed in single (right rear) quarters in the cisternal fraction, after 25, 50, 75, and 100% of spontaneously removed milk, in ...

Chylous effusions have an identical appearance to milk and occur when the thoracic duct is blocked. Since chyle represents direct absorption of fat from the small intestine lacteals, it is rich in fat, calories, vitamins and immunoglobulins. Drainage of this milk-like fluid from any cavity (chest or abdomen) results in ...

We studied the effects of dietary inclusion of freeze-dried goat and cow milk on the utilization of copper, zinc and selenium, and on the metabolic fate of copper and zinc, in rats using a standard (non-milk) control diet recommended by the American Institute of Nutrition and diets based on goat ...

Genetic (co)variances between body condition score (BCS), body weight (BW), milk production, and fertility-related traits were estimated. The data analyzed included 8591 multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows with records for BCS, BW, milk production, and/or fertility from 78 seasonal calving grass-based farms throughout southern Ireland. Of the cows included in the analysis, ...

Angus bulls (n = 24) were selected for either high or low milk EPD, but with similar growth EPD and mated within location (n = 6) at random to Angus cows. Daughters from these matings were bred to calve first at 2 yr of age to common reference sires across ...

The effects of dietary inclusion of freeze-dried goat and cow milk on the utilization of zinc and selenium, and on the metabolic fate of zinc, were studied in transected (control) and resected rats (resection of 50% of the distal small intestine). Intestinal resection reduced the apparent digestibility coefficient and zinc ...

Although the effect of lactation stage is similar, the responses of milk yield and composition (fat and protein contents) to different types of lipid supplements differ greatly between goats and cows. Milk fat content increases with almost all studied fat supplements in goats but not in cows. However, the response ...

BACKGROUND: The fat content of human milk provides the majority of calories for infants. However, large fat losses in human milk have been observed using enteral pump systems, causing poor growth in infants. The fat may adhere in the pump system. Lecithin, a phospholipid, has been used in the food ...

To determine effects of an elevated supply of cis9,trans11-18:2 (9/11CLA) or trans10,cis12-18:2 (10/12CLA) on de novo synthesis and desaturation of long-chain fatty acids, four Holstein cows fed high-oleic sunflower (OLE) or high-linoleic safflower oil (LIN) at 2.5% of DM were infused (0.625 g/h) with 9/11CLA or 10/12CLA for 48 h ...

Milk stasis triggers local stimuli, which make the tight junctions leak and trigger involution. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that casein hydrolyzates compromise tight junction integrity and dry-off milk secretion in dairy cows. Six repeated doses of casein hydrolyzates after each milking during 3 d ...

Mozzarella cheese was manufactured from milk containing either a low (olein) or a high (stearin) melting point fraction of milk fat or anhydrous milk fat. The fat was dispersed into skim milk by homogenization at 2.6 MPa before being manufactured into cheese. The melting point of the milk fat did ...

Red kangaroos (Macropus rufus) are large (>20 kg) herbivorous marsupials common to the arid and semi-arid regions of inland Australia, where drought is frequent. Young-at-foot (YAF) red kangaroos are the age/size class usually most affected by drought. Kangaroos at this YAF stage are making the transition from a milk-based diet ...

In the context of the general applicability of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), lactulose and furosine as time-temperature integrators (TTIs) for thermal processing of milk, the influence of milk fat content was studied. Formation kinetics were analysed for milk with fat content of 4.0 +/- <0.1%. In previous experiments, it was observed that, ...

Four lactating Holstein cows (average milk yield: 20 +/- 3 l/d) were used to develop and validate a method for estimating the size of udder cisterns (Sinus lactiferi) using ultrasonography. A sectorial transducer probe of 5 MHz, placed in contact with the teat in a parallel cranial position, was used ...

Twenty-two Murciano-Granadina dairy goats were used to investigate the effects of organic Zn supplementation of a diet containing a high level of inorganic Zn. Goats were kept in pens, machine milked once a day throughout lactation and fed a diet based on a dehydrated mixture of whole-plant maize and alfalfa ...

AIM: To test the correlation of per capita A1 beta-casein (A1/capita) and milk protein with: 1) ischaemic heart disease (IHD) mortality; 2) Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (DM-1) incidence. METHODS: A1/capita was estimated as the product of per capita cow milk and cream supply and its A1 beta-casein content (A1/beta) ...

Effects of 6 different calving intervals on the milk yield traits of Holstein–Friesian cattle were investigated. The intervals were 325 days and below <i>(1),</i> 326-345 <i>(2),</i> 346-375 <i>(3),</i> 376-400 <i>(4),</i> 401-450 <i>(5)</i> and 450 days and above <i>(6).</i> Maximum 305- day milk yield, average daily milk yield and actual milk ...

Four types of soymilk blends were prepared for the preparation of a new variety of ice cream i.e. T<SUB>1</SUB>, T<SUB>2</SUB>, T<SUB>3</SUB> and T<SUB>4</SUB> in 1:9, 2:8, 3:7 and 4:6 ratios of soy flour: skim milk respectively while plain ice cream with vanilla flavour (T<SUB>0</SUB>) was kept as control. The physico-chemical, ...

The objective of the present study was to investigate the milk fever preventive strategies used by a representative group of Danish Milk Producers (MP). A telephone interview was performed in 1999. A total of 230 MPs were called and asked about how they prevented milk fever in the previous year. ...

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effect of feeding with milk on the gastrointestinal tract, we studied gastric electrical activity in 27 healthy fullterm newborns (15 formula-fed newborns and 12 breast-fed newborns) during the first 6 months of life. METHODS: Three-hour electrogastrography (EGG) recordings were performed, using portable equipment, from the third ...

The purpose of this work was to study two key parameters of the lipid phase that influence flavor release-lipid level and lipid type-and to relate the results to a mass balance partition coefficient-based mathematical model. Release of 10 volatile compounds from milk-based emulsions at 10, 25, and 50 degrees C ...

Strategies for the prevention of milk fever in the United States have made several 180 degree changes over the last several decades. During the 1950's and 1960's evidence suggested that low calcium diets could be utilized to stimulate the parathyroid prior to calving to initiate calcium homeostasis prior to the ...

Certain diets cause a marked reduction in milk fat production in ruminants. Commonly referred to as milk fat depression (MFD), the mechanism involves an interrelationship between rumen microbial processes and tissue metabolism. Numerous theories to explain this interrelationship have been proposed and investigations offer little support for theories that are ...

This study aimed to estimate individual and herd-level energy balance (EB) using blood and milk traits in 90 multiparous high-yielding Holstein cows, held on a research farm, from wk 1 to 10 postpartum (p.p.) and to investigate the precision of prediction with successively decreased data sets simulating smaller herd sizes ...

BACKGROUND: Cow's milk allergy is frequently observed during the first year of life when nutritional requirements are critical. In those cases where breast-feeding is not available, a safe and adequate substitute to cow's milk should be offered. OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this review is to evaluate the clinical use ...

Data concerning daily milk yield (MY), percentage of milk fat (%F), protein (%P), lactose (%LT), and total solids (%TS), and somatic cell counts (SCC) for a herd of 222 Murrah buffalo reared in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, were collected monthly from 1997 to 2000 in order to study ...

The effect of microfiltration (MF) on the composition of Cheddar cheese, fat, crude protein (CP), calcium, total solids recovery, and Cheddar cheese yield efficiency (i.e., composition adjusted yield divided by theoretical yield) was determined. Raw skim milk was microfiltered twofold using a 0.1-microm ceramic membrane at 50 degrees C. Four ...

In the last few years, a variety of experimental and clinical studies concerning the formation, metabolism, and cellular effects of cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) have been carried out. Nevertheless, a substantial lack of knowledge exists regarding the possible intake of these compounds by the newborn through human and/or adapted formula ...

Twenty-four dairy goats were used in a preliminary trial to evaluate the effect of the genotype for alpha S1-casein (alpha S1-CN) in milk [homozygous variant A/A (n = 12) or F/F (n = 12)] on milk yield and composition for 2 wk from kidding. After this period, the main trial ...

A systematic study of the effects of volume fraction increment on the optical properties, the structure, and the dynamics of the casein micelles and fat droplets in milk was performed using diffusing wave spectroscopy. Four types of milk were investigated, NIDO full fat milk, fat-free milk, whey and fat-free milk, ...

Milk from dairy cows never known to have had an intramammary infection with Streptococcus uberis can inhibit growth of Str. uberis for up to 7 h. This inhibition is abolished if milk is heated to 80 degrees C. Inhibition appears not to be related to immune defences as it occurs ...

Some peroxisome proliferators have been reported to reduce body weight gain in suckling rats, possibly through a lactational effect. Decreases in milk production or nutritional quality, either as a result of peroxisome proliferator-induced reductions in lipid content or alterations in the hormonal milieu necessary for milk production, could result in ...

The C5a complement fragment is a potent inflammatory molecule but its contribution to the inflammatory response of the mammary gland remains uncertain. One of the unresolved questions is the possible interference of whole milk with C5a. In this study, the chemotactic activity ofpurifled bovine C5a was tested in the presence ...

This study evaluated the effect of different milking managements on oxytocin, prolactin and growth hormone release in Gir x Holstein cows. Six cows were suckled by their calves, before and after milking (SM group); another six cows were submitted to exclusive milking (M group). High OT levels were observed during ...

OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: We measured the contents of fat, protein, lactose, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, iron, copper, and vitamin A in processed mature milk samples (individual, n = 60, and pooled, n = 10) from a reference human milk bank in Brazil and assessed the effect of pasteurization followed by freezing ...

Toddlers (1-2-year-olds) are in transition from the high-fat diet of infancy to the relatively low-fat diet of preschoolers, school-aged children and adolescents. Toddlers and preschoolers need to be continually encouraged to try a wide a range of foods supplying all types of fats, and with the emphasis on nutrient-dense foods. ...

A total of 9592 samples of half udder milk were collected monthly throughout lactation for bacteriological and somatic cell count (SCC) study from 1322 Churra ewe lactations from seven separate flocks enrolled in the recording scheme of the National Association of Spanish Churra Breeders in the Castile-Le6n region of Spain. ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the macronutrients composition of home-prepared milk feeding bottles, by chemical analysis, and assess their contribution to the energy and protein requirements of children under two years of age from high (HSE) and low (LSE) socioeconomic classes. METHODS: 72 samples were analyzed for energy density and protein, fat ...

Two separate experiments were carried out to establish the effects of the protein:energy ratio in milk replacers on growth performance, plasma lipid concentrations and fatty acid composition in adipose tissue of male goat kids. In the first experiment there were 211 3-day- old goat kids and in the second experiment ...

The gut of preterm neonates is colonised with a paucity of bacterial species originating more from the environment than from the mother. Furthermore, a delayed colonisation by bifidobacteria promotes colonisation by potentially pathogenic bacteria. This may contribute towards the development of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). The physiopathology of NEC is ...

We investigated the effects of bovine somatotropin (bST) on mammary gland function and composition in the declining phase of lactation in goats. Sixteen Saanen goats, 180 +/- 11 days in milk (DIM), were divided equally into control and treated groups. The treated group received 120 mg/2 wk of slow-release bST ...

We estimated the biological variation (CV(biol)) of 28 fatty acids (FA) in 465 mature human milk samples from The Netherlands, Caribbean, Jerusalem, Tanzania and Pakistan, by using data from the observed variation (CV(obs)) and analytical variation (CV(anal)). CV(biol) of the various regions was remarkably similar. The average CV(biol) of 455 ...

The diagnosis of recurrent aspiration in young children is a perpetual challenge because there is no specific gold standard test to be used. The finding of lipid-laden alveolar macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a sensitive but nonspecific marker for the diagnosis of aspiration. We conducted a short-term study comparing ...

This review describes the effects of milking (routine and management) on milk yield and milk quality on dairy ruminants and examines the physiological effects of milking on the synthesis and secretion of milk. During milking, differences in the composition of milk as a result of milk ejection reflex are observed: ...