Pregnant rats were fed a control diet or high saturated fat diet (lard) for 6 weeks prior to breeding and continued to consume these diets during pregnancy. Beginning on gestation day 8, rats in each diet group were intubated with 5.5 or 0 g/kg alcohol. Rats in the 0 g/kg ...

The effects of different patterns of alcohol administration on hepatocarcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in male Wistar rats were assessed using a modified Ito's medium-term bioassay system. Carcinogenic potential was scored by comparing numbers and areas of glutathione S transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive foci. The activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), ...

Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. Part of this inverse association may be explained by its effects on HDL. Paraoxonase, an HDL-associated enzyme, has been suggested to protect against LDL oxidation. We examined the effects of moderate consumption of red wine, beer and ...

The present study examined potential cellular mechanisms responsible for the inhibition of protein synthesis in liver after chronic alcohol consumption. Rats were maintained on an alcohol-containing diet for 14 wk; control animals were fed isocalorically. Hepatic ATP content was not different in alcohol-fed and control animals. No alcohol-induced reduction in ...

BACKGROUND: Alcohol consumption previously has been demonstrated to reduce the density and strength of cortical bone of young, actively growing rats. Osteoblast activity and trabecular bone volume were also significantly lower. A germane question arising from these studies is whether the detrimental effects would persist into adulthood. To address this ...

A multi-isotopic study of several components of milk has been carried out on commercial samples and on milk produced in feeding experiments involving different kinds of diets originating from C(3) or C(4) photosynthetic metabolisms and exhibiting a relatively wide range of isotope ratios. The dispersion of the carbon, hydrogen, and ...

The artificial rearing model was used to investigate the effects of short-term exposure to ethanol on growth and fatty acid composition of forebrain (FB) and cerebellum (CB) during the brain growth spurt in either n-3 fatty acid-adequate (AD) or n-3 deficient (DEF) rat pups. On postnatal day 5, offspring of ...

A C57BL/6J mouse model was used to examine the coteratology of alcohol and cocaine. Plugged female mice were assigned to one of four treatment groups: control, cocaine only, alcohol only, or alcohol-cocaine. Experimental animals were treated from gestation day (GD) 6-18 and were killed the morning of GD 19. Alcohol ...

Propolis has been used since ancient times in folk medicine for its beneficial effects. It is a mixture of resin, essential oils and waxes mixed with bee glue; also it contains amino acid, minerals, ethanol, vitamin A, B Complex, E, Pollen and highly active ingredient known as Bioflavenoid (Simon Martin ...

Increase in oxidative stress after chronic ethanol consumption can result in hepatic injury. Because polyphenolic compounds can offer antioxidant protection to the cardiovascular system, this study was designed to investigate whether dietary supplementation of polyphenols from grapes may ameliorate hepatic injury resulting from chronic ethanol consumption. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were ...

Chronic ethanol consumption adversely affects the respiratory activity of rat liver mitochondria. It causes increased cellular production of oxygen radical species and selectively decreases mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) levels. Here we show, using Southern hybridization techniques on total rat genomic DNA, that long-term (11-13 months) ethanol feeding, using the Lieber-DeCarli diet, ...

Hepatic glycogen levels are decreased in rats as a consequence of chronic ethanol consumption. In earlier studies ethanol (36% of total calories consumed) replaced carbohydrate in the ethanol-containing diet, thus leading to the possibility that the decreases in liver glycogen were a result of limited dietary carbohydrate. In the present ...

The role of adenosine receptor-mediated signaling was examined in the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. CD-1 mice received a liquid diet containing ethanol (6.7%, v/v) or a control liquid diet that were abruptly discontinued after 14 days of treatment. Mice consuming ethanol showed a progressive increase in signs of intoxication throughout the ...

PURPOSE: The human sclera is frequently used in ophthalmic surgeries and must be preserved in disinfectants that prevent its contamination. In this study the efficiency of glycerin, absolute alcohol (ethanol), and benzalkonium chloride (1:5,000) as human sclera disinfectants were compared. METHODS: Fresh human scleras were trephined, the scleral disks divided ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in chronic alcoholics, the effects of accompanying diet on the release of insulin (IRI) and glucagon (IRG) and on the hepatic glucose production. METHOD: We evaluated variations of the response to the infusion of arginine into 16 male and 8 female chronic alcoholics divided into three groups ...

We studied the impact of substituting ethanol for dietary carbohydrate, in high- and low-fat diets, on plasma lipids and lipoprotein concentrations. During a 12-wk, weight maintaining, controlled feeding study, women consumed only food and beverage provided by the Human Studies Facility of the USDA Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center. Twenty-six ...

The present study demonstrated the high bioavailability and antiperoxidative capacity of the natural beta-carotene isomer mixture of Dunaliella bardawil compared with synthetic beta-carotene under alcohol-induced oxidative stress. Weanling rats were adapted to ethanol by increasing ethanol levels in their drinking water to 30% at 5% intervals per week; other rats ...

In this study, we analyzed the effect of chronic alcohol ingestion on the expression of constitutive (cNOS) and inducible (NOS-2) nitric-oxide synthase and the activity of an apoptotic protease, caspase-3, during buccal mucosal ulcer healing in rats maintained for 5 weeks on alcohol-containing or control liquid diet. In comparison with ...

Recent recommendations in regard to the level of alcohol intake have mainly been based on epidemiologic studies which relied on self-reported amounts of alcohol consumed. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the quality of self-reported measures of alcohol intake. Alcohol intake assessment methods were reviewed with respect to ...

To determine if rats would consume nicotine at psychoactive levels, a nutritionally balanced diet with 0, 20, 60, or 200 mg of nicotine tartrate per kg of diet was provided. Diet consumption and body weight differences were recorded for 14 days after which, following 16 hr of withdrawal, animals were ...

BACKGROUND: Although oxidative stress and deficits in hepatic energy metabolism have been implicated as important factors in the initiation of alcoholic liver disease, their relative contribution to ethanol-induced cell death is not known. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of chronic ethanol administration on hepatocyte reactive ...

We explored the possibility that silymarin (SY), a fraction from Silybum marianum, might protect against the effects of in utero exposure to ethanol upon subsequent social memory function. Three groups of 8 pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats each were provided with a liquid diet containing 35% ethanol derived calories (EDC). One ...

Golden hamsters, which avidly consume ethanol solutions, had continuous access to food and water and to either 15% or 30% ethanol solution (v/v) over a period of weeks. Hamsters consumed approximately equal amounts of absolute ethanol when maintained on either a Purina Chow diet or a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet (7.6 ...

Alcohol taken in moderation may prevent atherosclerosis, whereas heavy drinking has the opposite effect, in part by promoting oxidation of low density lipoproteins (LDL), a pathogenetic factor in atherogenesis. We assess here: 1 ) whether similar alterations can be reproduced in baboons fed 50% of energy as ethanol (the average ...

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms of the positive relationship between alcohol intake and plasma concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are still unclear. The present study shows the metabolism modifications of apolipoprotein (apo) AI and apoAII in normolipidaemic healthy volunteers after a period of moderate red wine consumption. DESIGN: Five non-smoking male subjects ...

This report reviews a series of studies demonstrating a relationship between the consumption of sweets and alcohol consumption. There is consistent evidence linking the consumption of sweets to alcohol intake in both animals and humans, and there are indications that this relationship may be at least partially genetic in nature. ...

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the activity and expression of iNOS in the ileum will be altered in young rats exposed to alcohol in utero (FAE). The subjects, 26-29-day-old rats, were progeny of dams fed an alcohol diet during gestation and their pair-fed/control cohorts. We determined ...

The most common combination of dependence on two drugs occurs with alcohol and nicotine, but little is known of the way in which these drugs interact in the brain. This study investigated the effects in mice of prolonged consumption of alcohol, by liquid diet, on the actions of nicotine on ...

OBJECTIVE: We compared the in vitro effects of red wine, white wine and ethanol on the cell mediated oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) by three frequently-used assays. METHODS: LDL and HDL isolated from normolipidemic human serum were incubated with J774.A1 macrophages in DMEM with copper, with ...

Strontium metabolism has attracted considerable interest because of to its interaction with calcium, the bone alterations detected after treatment with strontium, and its potential value as a paleodietary indicator. The effects of ethanol on strontium and barium metabolism-another divalent cation which also accumulates in bone--is largely unknown. Based on this ...

Steam-cooked soybeans and rice koji were combined (1:1, w/w), mixed with 5% (w/w) NaCl and ground into a fine paste. Samples (30 g) were deposited in nylon/polyethylene plastic bags and supplemented with 10 ml of aqueous ethanol solutions to give concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, and ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: All known pathways of ethanol metabolism result in the production of acetaldehyde, a highly reactive compound. Acetaldehyde has been shown to deplete vitamin B6 in chronic alcoholics. It also binds with sulfhydryl groups of membrane proteins, altering membrane Ca2+ channels and increasing vascular cytosolic free calcium, peripheral ...

In an apple juice-based medium, an ethanol-tolerant Australian wine-yeast used for cider manufacture produced more than 10% ethanol over a 5 week period. Growth of the inoculum (10(6) organisms ml(-1)) occurred to a population of 3.1 x 10(7) ml(-1) during the first few days; at the end of the fermentation ...

This study examined the effects of 6 weeks of chronic ethanol administration on the behavioral outcome in rats after lateral fluid percussion (FP) brain injury. Rats were given either an ethanol liquid diet (ethanol diet-groups) or a pair-fed isocaloric sucrose control diet (control diet groups) for 6 weeks. After 6 ...

The effects of a mega dose of ascorbic acid (AA) on alcohol induced peroxidative damages were investigated in guinea pigs. In the present study, four groups of male guinea pigs were maintained for 30 days as follows. (1) Control group (1 mg AA/100 g body wt); (2) Ethanol group (1 ...

A fatty liver is characterized by the hyperaccumulation of lipids within hepatocytes and is often caused by excessive alcohol intake. Rats fed ethanol-containing diets for 37 days showed remarkable increase in hepatic lipids and lipid droplet accumulation in the hepatocytes, indicating the onset of alcoholic fatty liver. Administration of hepatocyte ...

Our project was conducted to determine if the deleterious effects of chronic alcohol consumption on growing bone are reversible if the adolescent stops drinking. Four-week old, female, Sprague-Dawley rats were housed and maintained in an AAALAC-accredited facility. Six animals each were placed on alcohol-fed (35% ethanol-derived calories), pair-fed or chow-fed ...

We have examined the relationship between self-reported alcohol intake (SRAI), season and mineral metabolism in a series of 96 men aged 32 to 78 years of age. Alcohol intake was reported as between 0 and 50 oz/week. SRAI correlated positively with liver function tests, including serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and ...

The purpose of this study was to determine if exacerbation of apoptosis precedes liver injury during chronic exposure of rats to alcohol. After 7 weeks of feeding an alcohol- or dextrin-containing liquid diet, the animals were treated with gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (1 mg x kg(-1) body weight, intravenously) or sterile ...

Increased oxidative stress in the brain due to chronic ethanol consumption is known to result in a number of neurodegenerative changes. This study was designed to test whether dietary supplementation of grape polyphenols (GP) can offer protection to the neurodegenerative changes resulting from chronic ethanol consumption. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed ...

Altered degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) underlies vascular remodeling, a hallmark in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases including hypertension and aneurysmal dilatation. Although alcohol is recognized as a risk factor for certain cardiovascular disease states, its role in vascular remodeling has not been completely explored. We studied the effect of ...

Epidemiological evidence indicates that moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a significant decrease in the incidence of certain cardiovascular disorders, which can lead to impaired quality of life and to death. However, there are no objective data suggesting a cause-effect relationship and detailed research based on definitive working hypotheses is ...

It has been reported in the epidemiological literature that cataract, stroke, and atherosclerosis risk is reduced by 50% in people consuming one alcoholic drink per day. Peroxide has been implicated as a causative agent in cataractogenesis, and LDL oxidation appears to play a role in atherosclerosis. The antioxidant activity of ...

We describe the protocol set-up to investigate an experimental model of foetal alcohol syndrome in the rat. The protocol has been devised to expose specific cell populations of the central nervous system to ethanol during their neurogenesis and has been applied to the study of diencephalo-telencephalic connections. We were able ...

Studies have shown that monomers from dental resins are acutely cytotoxic, but little is known of their long-term effects at sub-lethal concentrations. The current study determined the long-term effects of sub-lethal concentrations of TEGDMA (triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) and Bis-GMA (bisphenol-glycidylinethacrylate), two common dental monomers, on the in vitro cellular proliferation, succinic ...

Nutritional status is a primary factor in the effects of xenobiotics and may be an important consideration in development of safety standards and assessment of risk. One important xenobiotic consumed daily by millions of people worldwide is alcohol. Some adverse effects of ethanol, such as alcohol liver disease, have been ...

This study describes the effect of chronic ethanol-feeding in rhesus monkeys. Animals which were maintained on a diet containing 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 as 1.4 and 0.08% of the calories, respectively, and consumed alcohol (mean 2.6 g kg(-1) d(-1)) had decreased amounts of 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 in their livers and plasma ...

BACKGROUND: Ethanol increases primary graft failure after liver transplantation, yet whether it acts via mechanisms involving fat accumulation remains unclear. METHODS: Rats were pair-fed a modified Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing 35% (high-fat) or 12% (low-fat) of calories as fat combined with 36% of calories as ethanol or isocaloric maltose-dextrin for ...

The adult and aged skeleton exist in a time when osteoporosis and age-related bone loss is at a maximum, and it is modified by lifestyle factors such as alcohol. To determine the effect of life-long alcohol consumption on the adult and aged rat model, 4-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, and body composition in alcoholics during addiction and after several months of abstinence. METHODS: A total of 32 alcoholics without liver cirrhosis and malabsorption were consecutively recruited. A total of 55 social drinkers, matched for gender ...