In this study, we investigated the effect of chronic alcohol ingestion on the interplay between the receptor-bound basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF-R) and the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk2) in buccal mucosa during ulcer healing. Chronic ulceration was induced by a topical application of acetic acid to the buccal mucosa ...

The formation of protein adducts with reactive aldehydes resulting from ethanol metabolism and lipid peroxidation has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury. To gain further insight on the contribution of such aldehydes in alcoholic liver disease, we have compared the appearance of acetaldehyde, ...

The abuse of alcohol is a behavior that can significantly compromise skeletal health. Because postmenopausal women are already at risk for low bone mass and osteoporotic fracture, this investigation sought to determine whether high concentrations of dietary ethanol exacerbate the bone loss associated with ovariectomy in rats, an animal model ...

To determine the effect of life-long alcohol consumption on the adult and aged rat model, 4-week-old, female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three diet groups. Alcohol-treated animals were fed a modified Lieber-DeCarli diet ad libitum containing 35% ethanol-derived calories, whereas the pair-fed animals (weight-matched to ethanol rats) received an isocaloric ...

The present work addresses a schedule designed to render rats alcoholic by offering them free access to a 20% (v/v) ethanol solution over 6 weeks. A solid diet and water (for controls) were fully available ad lib. in the animals' cages. The treatment was observed to achieve some effects suitable ...

Erythrocytes, from 2- and 7-month-old rats chronically fed with a liquid diet containing ethanol, were analyzed for their susceptibility to lipid peroxidation estimated as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) products. In spite of a lower alcohol consumption, adult rats were the more affected by the ethanol treatment. Erythrocyte membranes prepared ...

Prenatal ethanol exposure has been associated with long-lasting intellectual impairments in children. Previous studies suggest that these deficits are, in part, linked to neurochemical abnormalities that reduce the ability to sustain long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal formation of adult offspring. One presynaptic component of LTP that manifests during the first ...

To better understand the effect of alcohol consumption on the bone remodeling process in vivo, we used a rodent animal model system to compare osteoblast activity and number in alcohol-fed, pair-fed, and chow-fed animals. Adult, virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to alcohol-fed, pair-fed, and chow groups based on weights. ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Dietary carbohydrate intake during ethanol ingestion augments the induction of hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) by ethanol. This study addresses the role of carbohydrate intake in the development of alcoholic fatty liver in the rat. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pair-fed on liquid diets containing ethanol (3.5 g/day, 36% ...

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to investigate the possible interference of ethanol on the orlistat effect on inhibition of dietary fat absorption and the possible interference of orlistat on the pharmacokinetics of ethanol. Secondary objectives were to assess the tolerability during concomitant dosing of orlistat and ethanol and to determine ...

This article reviews, with an emphasis on human experimental data, factors known or suspected to cause changes in the toxicokinetics of organic solvents. Such changes in the toxicokinetic pattern alters the relation between external exposure and target dose and thus may explain some of the observed individual variability in susceptibility ...

A delay-of-reward paradigm was used to assess impulsivity in rats. Previous research with this paradigm has found that normally occurring impulsivity scores predict magnitude of voluntary alcohol intake. The authors' primary findings were (a) injected alcohol produced a dose-dependent increase in impulsivity, (b) varying the intervals between alcohol and testing ...

The hydrophilic bile salt ursodeoxycholate (UDC) improves cholestasis in several liver diseases and is in vitro an efficient membrane stabilizer. However, its action on chronic ethanol-induced liver damage is not established. We thus sought to determine the effect of UDC on chronic ethanol-induced steatosis and on liver plasma membrane fluidity ...

Helicobacter pylori colonized to gastric mucosa plays an important pathogenic role in gastric mucosal lesions. We previously reported that ethanol pretreatment promotes the extension of H. pylori-associated lesions. The present study was designed to examine the effect of rebamipide, a mucosal protective agent, on H. pylori-associated injury. Male Mongolian gerbils ...

Glycine prevents hepatic damage caused by hypoxia-reoxygenation, diminishes mortality due to endotoxin and minimizes alcoholic liver injury by decreasing blood ethanol. Our purpose was to investigate the effect of dietary glycine during recovery from early alcohol-induced injury, using a model that mimics the clinical presentation and histopathology with alcoholics. Male ...

Tyrosine sulfation is a posttranslational modification involved in the synthesis, secretion, and biological activity of proteins and peptides. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the enzyme activity was induced by ethanol. In the present work, the induction was studied in detail. Initial experiments were conducted to examine the time course ...

Male Wistar rats were administered a modified, but nutritionally adequate, ethanol liquid diet with a low content of carbohydrate (5.5% of energy). The high daily intake of ethanol (mean 12.9 g/kg body wt) resulted in consistently sustained elevation of diurnal blood ethanol levels (mean 40.3 +/- 14.9mmol/l, corresponding to 180mg/dl). ...

In order to examine the effects of alcohol on the hard palatine mucosa of rats, sixty adult female rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were divided into two experimental groups. The control group received solid diet (Purina rat chow) and tap water ad libitum. The alcoholic group received the same solid diet ...

Diurnal variation in blood and plasma ethanol levels (BACs) has been observed in animals undergoing chronic ethanol treatment, but the information available is insufficient to determine whether the different patterns seen are due to differences in ethanol administration schedules or to strain of the animal. In this study, we have ...

The relative contribution of protein deficiency to the altered metabolism of certain trace elements in chronic alcoholics is not well defined, so this study was performed to analyse the relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on liver, bone, muscle, and blood cell content of copper, zinc, iron, ...

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide are emerging key mediators in the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis, but little is known about these substances in soft oral tissue with alcohol abuse. Hence, we examined the expression of ET-1 and activity of the constitutive nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in buccal mucosa of rats ...

The effect of prenatal ethanol exposure on the number of parvalbumin-immunoreactive (PA+) GABAergic neurons in the adult rat anterior cingulate cortex was determined. Pregnant Long-Evans rats were maintained on one of three diets throughout gestation: an ethanol-containing liquid diet, a similar, control liquid diet with the isocaloric substitution of sucrose ...

Models for early stress and voluntary drinking were used to determine the contribution of early stress to increased intake of alcoholic beverages during puberty and adulthood. Newborn litters of Long Evans rats were: (1) stressed by daily separation from the mother for 15 min/day on days 1 to 7 of ...

BACKGROUND: Attention has long been drawn to the potentially harmful effects of coffee on health, however recent epidemiological studies have suggested unexpected, possibly beneficial effects of coffee against the occurrence of alcoholic liver cirrhosis and upon serum liver enzyme levels. METHODS: We examined the potential inverse association between coffee drinking ...

The relationship between chronic moderate beer consumption and oxidative stress was studied in rats. Animals were fed three different isocaloric diets for six weeks: a beer-containing diet (30% w/w), an ethanol-supplemented diet (1.1 g/100 g, the same as in the beer diet) and an alcohol-free basal diet. At the end ...

Increased hepatic oxidative stress with ethanol administration is hypothesized to be caused either by enhanced pro-oxidant production or decreased levels of antioxidants or both. We used the intragastric feeding rat model to assess the relationship between hepatic antioxidant enzymes and pathological liver injury in animals fed different dietary fats. Male ...

Petroleum ether, benzene and alcohol extracts of the seeds of Momordica charantia tested in rats at the dose level of 25 mg/100 g body weight for 35 days showed antispermatogenic activity as the number of spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa was decreased. Increase in cholesterol level and Sudanophilic lipid accumulation indicates ...

Ethanol consumption results in significant changes in the immune system of experimental animals and humans. Previous work by ourselves and others has established that in utero exposure to ethanol results in alterations in the immune system of the offspring that persist into adult life. The present study was designed to ...

To determine whether the effects of drinking pattern (predominantly weekend versus daily drinking) have differential effects on serum lipids, 55 healthy male drinkers were recruited on the basis of a regular alcohol intake, 210-500 ml absolute alcohol/week (approximately 3-6 standard drinks/day), with more than 60% consumed as beer. Fourteen subjects ...

To study peripheral nerves changes in chronic alcoholism and in malnutrition, we examined ultrastructurally the distal nerve branches of the digits of rats treated with four different dietary schemes, as follows: controls (n = 22), fed standard rodent diet plus water ad libitum; alcoholism (n = 12), fed the standard ...

Decreased masticatory demands due to liquid or soft diets cause a reduction in the growth of craniofacial bones and in the development of feeding musculature, but the effects on masticatory function and jaw/tongue muscle activities are unclear. The present study was undertaken to test the hypotheses that a liquid diet ...

Ethanol, acetone, diet and starvation, known modulators of the hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent microsomal monooxygenase system, were assessed for their effects on cytochrome P450 isozyme content and monooxygenase activities in the male rat kidney. In acute experiments, rats were either treated with acetone, fasted or given a combination of the ...

Oxygen free radicals are implicated in the pathogenesis of stress and food/alcohol-induced gastrointestinal injury. We have investigated the effects of restraint stress, spicy food diet, high-fat diet and 40% ethanol on the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species, including superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, and on DNA fragmentation, lipid peroxidation ...

The purpose of this work was to examine whether ursodeoxycholate (UDC), a hydrophilic bile salt, could reduce mitochondrial liver injury from chronic ethanol consumption in rats. Animals were pair-fed liquid diets containing 36% of calories as ethanol or isocaloric carbohydrates. They were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 7 rats ...

Alcoholic beverages contain not only alcohol but also numerous other substances (i.e., congeners) that may contribute to the beverages' physiological effects. Plants used to produce alcoholic beverages contain estrogenlike substances (i.e., phytoestrogens). Observations that men with alcoholic cirrhosis often show testicular failure and symptoms of feminization have suggested that alcoholic ...

The effect of ethanol feeding for 5 weeks on lipid peroxidation status of small intestine was studied in rats maintained on either a rat pellet (RP) or a semisynthetic diet containing coconut oil (CCO), corn oil (CO), or fish oil (FO). Highest rate of iron/ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation was observed in ...

The association between alcohol intake and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) in epidemiological studies is consistent and shows some protection from CVD at consumption levels of one to two drinks per day, but a sharp increase in CVD associated with three or more drinks per day. Analyses of potential mediators of ...

Adult male golden hamsters, which are avid consumers of ethanol solutions, were maintained on powdered Purina chow and tap water, and they were permitted continuous access to either a 15% or a 30% ethanol solution (v/v). In two experiments, the effect of chronic dietary energy shortage on ethanol consumption was ...

BACKGROUND: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) represents an important array of abnormalities in the development of offspring born of alcoholic mothers. This investigation used a murine Balb/cJ model to investigate the effects of maternal ethanol intake on craniomandibular and long bone development. METHODS: Experimental 8-week-old female mice (daughters of alcoholic female ...

Rhesus monkeys that were maintained on a diet containing low, yet adequate, amounts of vitamins C and E and in which linoleate and linolenate represented 1.4% and 0.08% of the total caloric intake, respectively, developed liver fibrosis after consuming alcohol (mean, 2.6 g kg(-1) d[-1]) over a period of 3 ...

The effects of 6 weeks of chronic ethanol administration on the lateral fluid percussion (FP) brain injury-induced regional accumulation of lactate and on the levels of total high-energy phosphates were examined in rats. In both the chronic ethanol diet (ethanol diet) and pair-fed isocaloric sucrose control diet (control diet) groups, ...

The blood levels of ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetate, methanol, acetone, lactate, pyruvate, and glucose were measured in 23 male alcohol-dependent patients on days 2 to 6 after hospitalization and in 22 healthy male blood donors. Correlations between the biochemical parameters and 17 symptoms of the alcohol-withdrawal syndrome (AWS) were calculated. Abnormally ...

An investigation was carried out to determine changes in the contents of skeletal muscle myofibrillary proteins (i.e., the contractile fraction composed principally of actin and myosin) and gene expression in skeletal muscle in response to ethanol feeding. Male Wistar rats were fed a nutritionally complete liquid diet, which contained 35% ...

In a national survey, 199 male and 152 female vegetarian runners and 7054 male and 1837 female omnivorous runners provided data on weekly intakes of alcohol, red meat, fish, and fruit, and weekly distance run. This information was compared with physician-supplied medical data to test whether 1) running benefits vegetarians, ...

Moderate levels of alcohol consumption have been reported to have a beneficial effect on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of a moderate level of alcohol consumption on bone density in a rigorously controlled animal model of osteoporosis. Ovariectomized and ...

A patient poisoned with methanol was successfully hemodialyzed with an ethanol-enriched, bicarbonate-based dialysate. Along with a concomitant intravenous infusion of ethanol, the ethanol-enriched dialytic procedure was able to maintain an intradialytic plasma ethanol level of 80 to 102 mg/dL. The patient recovered without any sequelae of methanol intoxication.

Dose-response experiments were performed to establish an optimum concentration of ethanol (EtOH) in liquid diet formulations for use with a murine model (C57B1/6) of potential biological effects attributable to EtOH consumption. An optimum concentration was predetermined to be the highest EtOH concentration consumed by mice without resulting in a loss ...

Chronic administration of a soybean-derived polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC) extract prevents the development of cirrhosis in alcohol-fed baboons. To assess whether this phospholipid also affects earlier changes induced by alcohol consumption (such as fatty liver and hyperlipemia), 28 male rat littermates were pair-fed liquid diets containing 36% of energy either as ethanol ...

Serotonergic agents in general and the 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH DPAT in particular, reduce alcohol intake in rats and primates but the mechanism of this effect is not known. Previous studies have shown a correlation between alcohol consumption and the propensity to consume sweet substances. Indeed, certain biochemical events accompanying glucose ...

We prepared corn peptide (CP), a vegetable oligopeptide and tried to discover the effects of its ingestion on facilitating alcohol metabolism in healthy adult men. Ten healthy male volunteers ingested 5 g of CP, wheat peptide (WP), pea peptide (PP), alanine, or leucine 30 min before alcohol intake at a ...