Duodenal flow of microbial N (MN) was estimated from urinary purine derivatives to examine age-related changes in MN in male Holstein calves. In Exp. 1, endogenous purine derivatives were determined by measurement of purine derivatives in five calves fed nucleic acid-free milk replacer alone. In Exp. 2, the ratio of ...

Holstein bull calves (n = 36) weaned at 6 wk of age were used in six trials to examine the response of N balance to postruminal administration of lysine with or without methionine in postweaned calves receiving diets based on corn and corn gluten meal. Calves were younger than 3 ...

From a permanent pasture where young cattle had contracted coccidiosis due to Eimeria alabamensis 2 years previously, hay was harvested and fed to six 2-4 month old calves 15 days, 4 months or 8 months after being harvested. The excretion of oocysts by these exposed calves was compared with that ...

Holstein heifer and hull calves (n = 52) at Ames Plantation (Grand Junction, TN) and Piedmont Research Station (Salisbury, NC) were blocked by sex and assigned randomly to receive 3.8 L of maternal colostrum in one feeding, 1.9 L in two feedings at a 10- to 12-h interval, or 1.9 ...

Changes of blood metabolites and hormones were studied in female breeding calves before, during and after weaning from 4 to 18 weeks of age. Calves were initially fed increasing amounts of whole milk (up to 7 kg/day in week 8 of life). Milk intake was then gradually decreased up to ...

A study was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing a diet marginally deficient in copper (Cu) with iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo), or Cu on phagocytic cell function and disease resistance of calves. Thirty-one calves were born to heifers fed a corn silage-based diet containing 4.5 mg of Cu/kg. Treatments ...

Our objectives were 1) to determine the effects of increased availability of 2-monoglycerides from triglyceride digestion on absorption of free fatty acids (FFA) and utilization of nutrients by calves of weaning age and 2) to determine whether absorption of FFA increased with age. Thirty-two male Holstein calves were fed milk ...

The influence of fasting on the bioavailability and disposition kinetics of albendazole (ABZ) and its metabolites in cattle was investigated. ABZ (10 mg/ kg) was given by intraruminal (i.r.) (Experiment 1) and intravenous (i.v.) (Experiment 2) administration to Holstein calves either fed ad libitum (control) or subjected to a 48 ...

Twenty-one diarrheic calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 oral electrolyte treatments. The treatments were either a conventional oral electrolyte containing glycine (40 mmol/L) as the amino acid, an oral electrolyte in which glutamine (40 mmol/L) replaced glycine or an electrolyte in which high concentrations of glutamine (400 mmol/L) ...

The oral efficacy of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins (yIg) specific for bovine rotavirus (BRV) serotypes G6 and G10 in protecting neonatal calves was examined in a herd of cattle under field conditions. In one of the three trials, yIg-treated calves tested under high relative humidity (RH) showed a significantly increased ...

Forty-three Jersey calves were assigned randomly at birth to treatments that evaluated the method of weaning on growth, intake, and concentrations of blood metabolites that were indicative of ruminal development. The three experimental treatments were 1) milk replacer fed at 10% of BW until abrupt weaning at 35 d of ...

Holstein calves (n = 68; 40 heifers) at two locations were used to evaluate effects of the addition of plasma protein to milk replacers on growth, intake, feed efficiency, and fecal scores. Milk replacers were formulated to contain 20% CP and 20% fat. Plasma was added to milk replacers to ...

One summer (heat stress) and one winter (neutral conditions) trial were conducted to assess the effects of varied amounts of RUP and fat on the growth and metabolic responses of calves. In each trial, 190-kg Holstein calves (n = 45) were fed a basal diet of corn and cottonseed hulls ...

A study was conducted to compare the efficacy of sulbactam: ampicillin (SAMP) (3.3:6.6 mg/kg body weight (BW), IM, q24 h) to that of ampicillin trihydrate (AMP) (6 mg/kg BW, IM, q24 h) and 0.9% saline (SAL) (3 mL IM, q24 h) for the treatment of diarrhea in calves induced by ...

Twenty Holstein heifer calves at 138 d of age and 118 kg of BW were assigned randomly to one of four treatments in a factorial design. Heifers were fed for low (0.7 kg/d) or high (> 1.0 kg/d) gain during two periods. Period 1 was from start to 200 kg ...

This study was conducted to determine relative relationships among factors affecting dystocia in Brahman-cross heifers. Body and pelvic measurements were obtained in mid-June (when heifers were approximately 17 mo old), 45 d after a 60-d breeding season. Heifers studied were 207 Red Brangus, 209 Simbrah, and 250 Braford bred to ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), ketoprofen (2.20 and 3.63 mg/kg of body weight) and phenylbutazone (4.40 mg/kg), in an acute equine synovitis model. DESIGN: 4 groups of 6 horses received NSAID or saline solution in a randomized design. ANIMALS: 24 clinically ...

Because feed and water deprivation during marketing and transport of feedlot calves may reduce ruminal B vitamin synthesis at a time when calves are most susceptible to infectious agents, we studied the effect of B vitamin injections on infection and immunity in 12 6-mo-old beef steer calves (153 +/- 8 ...

Effects of high environmental temperature and dietary intake of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) seed containing the endophyte Acremonium coenophialum on bovine acid-base status were studied using 3 groups of bull calves (2 Simmental, 1 Angus). Experimental animals were housed in controlled-climate chambers and subjected to gradual increases in environmental temperature, ...

Three experiments were conducted with Simmental x Angus crossbred steers to determine the effects of energy source and level on performance of newly arrived feedlot calves. In trial 1, 68 steers (initial BW 215 +/- 9.4 kg) were used in a 2 x 3 factorial experiment to determine the effects ...

Newborn Holstein calves (n = 132) were used to evaluate three protein sources (soybean meal and soybeans roasted to an exit temperature of 138 or 146 degrees C) that contained 30, 45, or 52% RUP, respectively. Each was used with either raw corn or corn roasted to an exit temperature ...

Maiden heifers and lactating cows of known ovarian status and of several breeds were treated with a synthetic prostaglandin, cloprostenol, or a synthetic progestagen, norgestomet, at the start of an artificial insemination (AI) program. Animals in the cloprostenol treatment received 2 injections 10 days apart. Over the next 26 days ...

Forty Holstein-Friesian calves were used to evaluate the effect on young calves of daily dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus acidophilus. Calves were randomly assigned at 2 d of age to one of two treatments; 1) milk replacer with no additives or 2) milk replacer supplemented with 1 ml (5 x 10(7)) ...

To determine how continued presence of a calf affected duration of postpartum anovulation, 23 udder-intact cows and their calves were assigned to three treatments on d 4 to 9 postpartum (experimental d 0). The treatments were 1) calf present with unlimited contact with its dam (n = 8), 2) calf ...

Fifty-six tied heifers calving in autumn (trial I) and 21 tied heifers calving in late spring (trial II) were fed either a high or a low concentrate diet from 3 weeks before expected calving until 13 weeks after calving. Half the heifers in trial I were kept on concrete floors ...

The influence of feeding a high concentrate diet and of different types of floor surface on the prevalence and severity of haemorrhages of the sole horn was studied in 60 Swedish Friesian heifers during early pregnancy. For 4 weeks, out of a total observation period of 17 weeks, half the ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the nematocidal effectiveness of the ivermectin sustained-release bolus throughout its 135-day delivery period. DESIGN: Twenty-four naturally infected calves were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 equivalent experimental groups: group-T1 calves were untreated controls, group-T2 calves each received a sustained-release bolus on trial day 0, and group-T3 calves ...

The effect of oral administration of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria on newborn livestock was investigated. Oral administration of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum or Lactobacillus acidophilus to calves improved BW gain and feed conversion over that of untreated controls. The frequency of diarrhea occurrence was decreased in the group fed probiotics. However, ...

A split-herd, randomised mineral-vitamin supplementation experiment was carried out in a large, trace element deficient dairy herd over two years. Ten weeks before the herd's mean calving date, 147 Holstein-Friesian cows were fed grass silage on to which 50 g per head of a mineral-vitamin supplement (3000 mg copper, 500 ...

Three calves received 10 g Riedeliella graciflora dry leaves/kg body weight by gavage. Blood samples were taken immediately before plant administration and at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours later; serum ALT, AST, AP, TB, urea and creatinine were determined. After R graciflora administration, the calves had anorexia, profound ...

We studied development of fatty liver in high producing dairy cows with free access to feed during the dry period and thus showed the combined effects of parturition and prepartum overfeeding. Postpartum liver triacylglycerol concentrations at 1 wk postpartum, as measured in liver biopsies, had increased more than 6-fold, which ...

Twenty-four of 57 calves fed a diet containing 33% cotton seed meal (CSM) died between 7 and 15 weeks of age. Initial deaths were not accompanied by premonitory signs, but after CSM withdrawal most calves developed rough coats, anorexia, weakness, ascites and subcutaneous oedema. Those that died had large volumes ...

A total of 133 observations on mean daily mass gains from 19 calves reared on either whole milk (control) or preserved colostrum (treatment) were estimated. The control group had a total of 104 observations computed, while the treatment group had a total of 29 observations. There was no significant difference ...

An experiment was conducted to examine the influence of dietary protein and immunisation on parasite establishment and pathogenesis of Haemonchus placei in calves. Four groups of 4-6-month-old worm-free calves (n = 4) were given a low protein diet (LP) containing 213 g crude protein (CP) per head per day or ...

Pregnancy, decreased feed intake during late gestation, lactogenesis, and parturition have dramatic effects on metabolism in dairy cows during the transition period from 3 wk before calving to 3 wk after calving. Increases in plasma NEFA occur during the 10 d before calving and may precede the decrease in feed ...

Dietary effects on fat deposition, cholesterol level, and fatty acid profiles of muscle and fat depots in Friesian bull calves were evaluated in two trials. In Trial 1 (eight pens of seven Friesian bull calves), three levels of ME (10.4, 10.9, 11.7 MJ/kg of DM; diets L, M and H, ...

Pupillary dilation for diagnostic purpose has become an increasingly common procedure in UK optometry in recent years and the consensus seems currently to militate against the routine use of miotics; an eye that is judged safe to dilate is thought to be at minimal risk during the natural recovery phase ...

Young Holstein-Friesian bull calves were tested in three trials for their performance and digestive tract kinetic responses to diets differing in their fill volume (FV) in the digestive tract. In Trial 1, a high ME (11.7 MJ/kg of DM) diet was compared with three medium ME (10.5 MJ/kg of DM) ...

The study assessed physiological responses to induction to high altitude first to 3,500 m and then to 4,200 m and compared the time course of altitude acclimatization in two groups of male volunteers. The acutely inducted group was transported by aircraft (AI) to 3,500 m in 1 h, whereas the ...

The effects of ticks and tick-borne disease infections on the lactation and weight gain of Mashona cattle were studied at Mbizi Quarantine Station in the south-eastern lowveld of Zimbabwe. Twenty-nine Mashona cows were allocated to 2 balanced groups and kept in separate paddocks at a stocking rate of one animal ...

Holstein-Friesian bull calves were fed diets of three metabolizable energy concentrations: 11.7, 10.9, and 10.0 MJ/kg of DM, and the same content of CP, 145 g/kg. Two trials were carried out. Initial weights were 195 and 180 kg and final weights were 490 and 600 kg for Trials 1 and ...

Twenty first-season Holstein crossbred calves were used in a study conducted to investigate the efficacy of two strategic treatments with doramectin (s.c. 200 micrograms kg-1 bodyweight). They were allocated in two equal groups: Group D was treated with doramectin at turn-out and 8 weeks later and Group C served as ...

Sixteen healthy pregnant cows were divided into two groups. Group I (8 cows) received immediately after calving two injections of Vaccina L containing the LaSota strain of Newcastle Disease Virus (total dose 10(9) TCID50/cow) into udder lymph nodes. The second group of 8 cows served as control. Newborn calves of ...

In three consecutive years, spring-calving Hereford and Hereford x Angus cows (n = 348) were used to determine effects of level of supplemental energy or protein before and after calving on cowherd performance. Beginning on November 1, cows were individually fed 1.22 kg/d of a 40% CP (PROTEIN) or 2.44 ...

We tested the effects of substituting a whey protein concentrate for dam's colostrum at first feeding and of 1% brewer's yeast in dry feed on calf health and performance. Eighty-four calves were assigned to four preweaning and eight postweaning treatments based on feeding either dam's colostrum or a whey protein ...

Thirty-six, 2- to 4-day-old Friesian bull calves were divided into 4 groups and fed milk replacer and calf starter pellets ad libitum in separate pens. Four treatments were applied; lasalocid in milk (1 mg/kg body weight/day) (M), lasalocid in starter (F), lasalocid in both milk and starter (M + F) ...

Three trials evaluated the protein and energy value of high-lysine corn for finishing calves. In Trial 1, 60 finishing steer calves were used to evaluate corn source (high-lysine vs control) and protein source (urea, blood meal [BM], corn gluten meal [CGM]) and level (BM and CGM addition; low, medium, high). ...

Three milk substitute diets in which the protein was provided either by skim milk only (control diet) or mainly (71%) by a commercial soyabean or lupin concentrate (soyabean or lupin diet, respectively) were given to intact or ileo-caecal-cannulated preruminant calves. In vitro tests showed that both concentrates were partially proteolysed ...

The studies were carried out on 30 calves from the 4th to the 25th day of life, divided in three groups; control, glucose and casein. The glucose group was fed a diet containing 25% more glucose than the control. The increased dietary glucose supply decreased cortisol concentration in blood serum. ...

Two trials were carried out to assess the changes in blood composition of calves infected either experimentally or naturally with Eimeria alabamensis. In the first, 12 calves were dosed orally with 10 to 400 million sporulated oocysts and compared with three control calves. The second trial used eight calves turned ...