Five Karan Swiss crossbred (Sahiwal x Brown Swiss) calves were abruptly switched over from a diet of concentrate and maize fodder to ad libitum air dried Leucaena leucocephala leaves plus twigs. After 17 days on the L. leucocephala diet, 3 of the calves were supplemented with copper sulphate (10 mg/kg ...

Cow colostrum is rich in insulin-like growth factors IGF-I and II, thus the dietary effects of recombinant human (rh) rhIGF-I on the newborn were of interest. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of dietary IGF-I upon selected blood components and gut absorptive development. Calves were blocked ...

At three locations, 120 calves were fed a high fat milk replacer at 10% of birth weight from d 5 through 13. On d 14, calves were assigned randomly within sex and date of birth to a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments were (on a DM basis) ...

Due to pending legislation and public concerns, a multidisciplinary approach was designed to investigate the welfare of special-fed veal calves in commercial veal facilities. Concerns included housing conditions, dietary regimens, management practices, and behavioral aspects imposed on special-fed calves. Four categories of parameters including environment and housing, nutrition, health and ...

The objectives of this study were to determine the mean values for mortality, blood, and growth traits and the correlations among blood and growth traits on privately owned farms producing special-fed veal. Mortality percentages were available on 13 groups of special-fed veal calves (n = 1403) from four farms; growth ...

Holstein calves (n = 110) were used to evaluate the effect of calf starters containing 15, 16.8, 19.6, or 22.4% CP, DM basis (diets A, B, C, and D, respectively), on calf performance from d 4 to 56 of life. Preweaning daily gain tended to increase linearly as protein content ...

Two experiments were designed to study the iron (Fe) status in veal calves (62 intact males) fed and held on straw. In experiment 1, two groups were fed 20 mg Fe/kg milk replacer (MR) and held unattached on rye or barley straw litter. In experiment 2, groups were fed 20 ...

Our objective was to examine whether feeding low cation-anion diets altered the Ca status of the growing calf. Holstein calves (n = 32; 16 males) were blocked at 56 to 70 d after birth according to sex and birth date and assigned randomly to dietary treatments containing Ca content and ...

Data were collected on 476 spring-calving, primiparous cows at six locations in Louisiana over a 2-yr period. Objectives of the study were to evaluate changes in prepartum body condition score (BCS) and BW of heifers when fed varying energy levels and to determine the influences of prepartum BCS and BW ...

Large numbers of oocysts of Eimeria alabamensis have been found in the faeces of calves suffering from diarrhoea shortly after being turned out to pasture. To investigate the source and clinical significance of this coccidial infection, the numbers of oocysts excreted, the consistency of the faeces and the growth rates ...

To evaluate limiting the number of days that calves are creep fed, 84 crossbred cows (frame score 4) nursing steer calves were randomly assigned to three replicates over 2 yr to receive one of four lengths of creep feeding (0, 28, 56, or 84 d) for cows and calves grazing ...

Two experiments evaluated effects of amount of supplemental alfalfa hay on intake and utilization of dormant, tallgrass-prairie forage by beef steers and on performance of cows grazing tallgrass prairie during winter. In Exp. 1, four supplemental alfalfa levels (.23, .47, .70, and .94% BW.steer-1.d-1) were evaluated in a 34-d, randomized ...

Forty-two calves (mean 10 d of age) that spontaneously contracted diarrhea were used to test the therapeutic value of an oral rehydration solution with or without whole milk. Therapy began on the first feeding after a fecal score was > 2 (five-point scale). Amounts (percentages of BW daily) of milk ...

Circadian fluctuations in the effect of ambient temperature (Ta) on heat production (Htot) and its relation to posture were investigated in young calves in this study. Twenty-three 6-d-old Holstein-Friesian male calves were assigned to one of four Ta treatments: 5, 9, 13, or 18 degrees C. Heat production was measured ...

Five-month-old Angus x Hereford reciprocal crossbred nursing steer calves on fescue pasture were used to determine the effects of 1) limiting supplemental feed intake and 2) soyhulls and corn as sources of supplemental (creep) feed in an 84-d study. The treatments were 1) control (no creep feed), 2) limited intake ...

Calf starter was offered to 40 calves in a plastic bucket or from a nipple bottle, and intake, growth, and selected blood parameters were measured. The nipple was designed with a large opening to allow feed particles to pass through the nipple during meals. Calves began the study at 7 ...

Colostrum is rich in insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-II and the dietary effects of recombinant human IGF-I (rhIGF-I) on the newborn are of interest. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of dietary rhIGF-I upon selected hormones and growth factors in the blood. Calves were fed ...

Holstein calves were used wk 1 to 12 after birth to evaluate three sources of nonstructural carbohydrates that differed in ruminal degradability (corn, barley, and dried whey) with two sources of CP (normal and extruded soybean meal) that also differed in ruminal degradability. Nonstructural carbohydrates were most degradable in the ...

Seventeen reindeer calves were divided into three groups and liver biopsies were taken during the winter. Group 1 consisted of 6 animals allowed to graze freely under natural conditions, those in groups 2 (n = 5) and 3 (n = 6) were kept in pens and fed with lichens, the ...

Fifty-nine heifers (1 yr of age; 320 +/- 12 kg) were assigned to one of four treatments of a 2 x 2 factorial design. Main effects were plane of nutrition (ad libitum vs. moderate feeding) during the second isometric phase (1 yr of age to 3 mo of gestation) and ...

Fifteen progeny of two Polled Hereford sires were fed endophyte-infected tall fescue seed (E+) to investigate variability in susceptibility to fescue toxicosis. One sire, bred in Missouri, was reputed to produce calves that were resistant to fescue toxicosis. The Control sire, from Virginia, had unknown merit for susceptibility. There were ...

Data were obtained from 1980 to 1987 on animals belonging to one of three breeding systems: Hereford, small rotation, and large rotation. Differences among Angus-, Gelbvieh-, Pinzgauer-, and Tarentaise-sired calves within the small rotation system were generally not detected as significant for the preweaning traits of gestation length, calving ease, ...

The behaviour, growth rate, feed intake, health and slaughter quality of group-housed veal calves fed automatically with milk replacer were compared with those of veal calves kept in individual crates and bucket-fed the same milk replacer. The growth rate and feed intakes of the group-housed calves were lower than those ...

Yearling and calf finishing trials (replicated over 2 yr) evaluated the feeding value of wet distillers byproducts (wet distillers grains and thin stillage). An additional trial estimated the amount of thin stillage bypassing the rumen when consumed by drinking. Yearlings were 5, 10, and 20% more efficient (linear, P < ...

The performance of alphamethrin and flumethrin treated and untreated Bonsmara cows and calves grazing in the thornveld of the Eastern Cape Province was compared over a 2 year period. The economically important tick species occurred seasonally but in insufficient numbers to achieve enzootic stability with respect to babesiosis and anaplasmosis. ...

A study measuring the ability of new Peltor H7P3 Grade 4 helmet-mounted earmuffs to reduce the level of chainsaw noise reaching forestry workers' ears was undertaken over a one-year period. The objective was to establish effective replacement guidelines for earmuffs. The results showed that the earmuffs provided effective hearing protection ...

At weaning and again after postweaning gain tests, height and width at hips, height at withers, body length, girth, head length and width, muzzle width, and cannon bone circumference measurements were obtained from Angus and Hereford bulls and heifers born in 1964, 1984, and 1985 (n = 989). The cattle ...

Two studies were performed to investigate the efficacy of doramectin in the prevention of infection with Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora in grazing calves. In each study, 24 parasite-naive calves were randomly allotted to two equal groups and treated with either doramectin at 200 micrograms kg-1 or saline prior to ...

The pelvic area was measured in 129 Holstein x Hereford heifers at 10, 16 and 22 months of age. The heifers were fed an all forage diet. Pelvic growth was not linear over time, changing from an increase of 0.27 +/- 0.2 cm(2)/day during the first 6 months of the ...

Genetic and phenotypic parameters among nine body dimensions and two measures of growth rate were estimated from measurements on 709 Angus and Hereford bulls and heifers born in 1984 and 1985. Height and width at hips, height at withers, body length, girth, head length and width, muzzle width, and cannon ...

After ensilation, the toxic Compositae weed Parthenium hysterophorus was devoid of the toxic principle parthenin. Laboratory-scale ensilation indicated that no parthenin was detectable after 5 wk of anaerobic fermentation. For animal feeding studies, silage was made on a large scale from Parthenium mixed with maize or from Parthenium alone. Crossbred ...

In preliminary studies feeding the poorly absorbed carbohydrate sorbitol at 2.3 g/kg body weight as an indication of maximal fermentative capacity failed to produce the expected large increase in breath hydrogen excretion but did produce a transient diarrhea in five out of six control calves. Twelve healthy control and eighteen ...

Two experiments were conducted to study the ingestive behavior of cattle when given a delayed dose of the aversive agent lithium chloride (LiCl) after eating a novel feed. In the first experiment, 20 calves were randomly divided into four groups (n = 5). The control group (G1) received 80 mg/kg ...

During the 1989 caribou (Rangifer tarandus) calving season on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska (USA), 61 calf carcasses were examined for cause of death and associated pathology. Dead calves were located by low-level aerial searches with two fixed-wing aircraft and a helicopter over high density calving areas between the ...

High producing multiparous dairy cows were fed either diets differing in energy content or diets with identical energy and protein content but differing in roughage content at the end of the dry period and beginning of lactation. Basal insulin and ketone bodies were analysed every week from 3 weeks before ...

Liver samples from four groups of calves were analysed chemically and histologically for copper and iron levels. Milk replacer-fed 'yellow' calves were compared with milk replacer-fed 'white' calves, concentrate and silage-fed 'pink' calves and concentrate and silage-fed young 'red' fattening bulls. In the milk replacer-fed calves high copper and low ...

Fumonisins are myocotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme and F. proliferatum, common molds of corn in North America. The toxin is at especially high concentrations in corn screenings. Fumonisins are toxic to swine and horses, but effects of these toxins in cattle have not been evaluated. This experiment was conducted to ...

The most common gastrointestinal nematodes found in cattle in the Midwest are Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora. Other parasites include Haemonchus placei, Bunostomum phlebotomum and Nematodirus helvetianus. Parasite numbers are generally low in this region, as indicated by fecal egg counts and tracer calf worm recoveries, and the numbers of ...

A 90-day growth trial was designed to compare the performance of calves on 3 dry-season diets composed of local resources from the Borana pastoral system. The control group received the traditional diet of cut-and-carry, standing-brown grass while the other diets consisted of grass hay stored since the previous wet season ...

Economical and biological efficiencies of beef production to weaning and to slaughter were estimated in three groups, different in milk available (low, medium, and high) to the calves but with the same potential for growth. Data from different breed groups of cows (low [L] = Hereford x Angus, medium [M] ...

Twenty primigravid Holsteins were paired by expected calving date and estimated producing ability and assigned randomly to one of two diets to determine the effect of prepartum supplemented undegradable protein on subsequent productive performance. Diets were isocaloric, isonitrogenous for degradable protein and differed in undegradable protein content. Prepartum diets were ...

Holstein calves (n = 48) were used to evaluate whether preweaning feeding management affects postweaning DMI and metabolism after abrupt weaning at 26 d of age. Calves were fed only whole milk until d 19 of age. From d 19 to 26, calves were provided one of three isocaloric and ...

The effects of level of supplemental Cr from high-Cr yeast on performance, blood chemistry profile, morbidity, and immune status were investigated using 84 Charolais-crossed steer calves in a completely randomized design. Calves of 236-kg average weight, after transportation from Saskatchewan to Ontario, were randomly assigned to four treatments; 0, .2, ...

Indices of lipid peroxidation were investigated in muscle tissues of 1) calves depleted of vitamin E and/or Se and 2) calves depleted of vitamin E and Se and fed daily supplements of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Calves deficient in both vitamin E and Se or deficient in vitamin E alone ...

Holstein (n = 323) calves in the herds of four experiment stations were reared individually (control) or in isolation to 70 d of age to determine whether isolation affected growth, behavior, and first lactation yield. Treatment differences were not observed for average daily gain for BW at d 28, 56 ...

Two milk substitute diets for which the protein was provided either exclusively by skim milk powder (control) or partially (34%) by dehulled raw pea flour were given for 2 and 4 wk, respectively, to five preruminant calves, each fitted with a reentrant ileocecal cannula. Ileal apparent digestibility was lower with ...

Sodium bicarbonate and yeast culture effects on ruminal fermentation, intake, and growth were evaluated in young calves. In trail 1, nine ruminally cannulated Holstein calves averaging 12 wk of age were fed control starter (17% CP) or starters containing 3% sodium bicarbonate or .2% yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) culture in a ...

Nutritional and physiologic effects of clinically apparent and subclinical Ostertagia ostertagi infections were studied in 3 groups of 5 calves each. Group-1 calves were inoculated with 100,000 Ostertagia ostertagi third-stage larvae (L3)/calf/wk for 14 weeks. Group-2 calves were inoculated with 10,000 L3/calf/wk for 14 weeks, and group-3 calves were no ...

Sequential in vivo measurements of total body water, exchangeable sodium and exchangeable potassium, made by radioisotopic dilution techniques, were used to determine changes in body composition in calves exposed to natural infections with gastrointestinal nematodes during their first grazing season. Two groups of calves were studied, one of which received ...

Three commercial oral rehydration solutions (Effydral ('E'), Lectade ('L') and Lectade Plus ('LP')) were evaluated in young calves with diarrhoea following the administration of E. coli. Twenty calves with non-fatal diarrhoea were included in each group and examined for electrolytes, acidosis (pH, PCO2 and TCO2), PCV and selected biochemical parameters. ...