There has been much debate among nutritionists and scientists regarding the optimal dietary approach for the treatment of the Insulin Resistance Syndrome, also called Syndrome X. This condition, which may affect as many as 47 million individuals in the United States, significantly increases risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. ...

The sudden shift from a commercial energy-rich, fiber-poor diet to natural food is assumed as one of the causes of the low success of gamebird restocking. We fed farmed red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) chicks with a diet rich in fiber from their first month of life to the time of ...

The effect of the administration of blackgram fiber (Phaseolus mungo) on the metabolism of carbohydrates was studied in rats fed 30% NDF (neutral detergent fiber) diet. The experimental group showed a significant increase in liver glycogen level and a significant decrease in blood glucose. Significant increases in the activities of ...

Male adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups in a 2 x 3 factorial design and fed diets containing different levels of Tremella fuciformis Berk (TFB) dietary fiber (0, 5, or 10%) and 1 g of cholesterol/100 g of diet with or without 0.7% Nebacitin for 4 weeks. ...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of barley-rich diets in the intestinal tract of rats. Four test groups (A-D) of 10 young male Wistar rats were fed diets containing 50 g/100 g barley extrudates (A, B and D) or mixtures (C) for 6 wk; the control ...

We studied whether ingestion of dietary fiber modifies the distribution of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in a physiological condition. Male WKAH rats were fed diets either with fiber (sugar beet fiber or crystalline cellulose, 100 g/kg diet each) or without fiber for 3 weeks. The number of CD8(+), CD4(+), and NKR-P1(+) ...

Effects of dietary protein concentration (high, 18.5; low, 15.7%) and fermentable fiber (control; soyhulls, SH; and sugar beet pulp, SBP) on N excretion patterns and plasma urea were tested in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. The objectives were: 1) to determine if reduced dietary protein together with fermentable fiber ...

The occurrence of an anastomotic leakage is a major therapeutic concern in colorectal surgery. Considering the outflow level of the fistula, a defunctioning stoma may be necessary to obtain closure. When the outflow is low and the intestinal transit is not interrupted, a colostomy is not mandatory but the healing ...

The effect of dietary fiber on endogenous N secretion was studied using a 15N isotope dilution technique in four fistulated Holstein cows. Two isonitrogenous diets differing only in fiber (NDF and ADF) content were used in a crossover design. One diet (HF) contained 37.4% NDF, while the other (LF) contained ...

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic enzyme replacement is the cornerstone of treating pancreatic insufficiency in patients with cystic fibrosis. Additionally, a high-calorie/high-fat diet is required to compensate for the increased energy requirement and the incomplete fat digestion. Even with adequate enzyme treatment, gastrointestinal problems, varying from simple constipation to inspissated stools, and distal ...

The dietary origin of lignan phytoestrogens is still poorly understood more than 20 years after their discovery in human urine. Their level in urine has been associated with the consumption of dietary fiber. This paper reports the study of the excretion of enterolactone, assayed by a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay, in rats ...

To estimate fermentative capacity among lemur species, four fiber substrates were tested across three species, Eulemur fulvus, Hapalemur griseus and Varecia variegata. The substrates, cellulose, beet pulp, citrus pulp and citrus pectin, ranged in composition from completely insoluble fiber (IF) to completely soluble fiber (SF), respectively. The lemurs consumed a ...

Fiber type distributions, cross-sectional areas (CSAs) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities in the soleus (SOL) muscle in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats were determined after exposure to cigarette smoke at three different dosage levels using a smoking machine. The rats were exposed to cigarette smoke at a ...

A case-control study examining diet and lifestyle variables to generate hypotheses of potential risk factors for chronic renal failure in pet cats was conducted in five private practices in Texas, USA and at the Texas A&M University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. A telephone questionnaire was used to gather information from ...

The Wheat Bran Fiber (WBF) trial was a double-blind Phase III clinical trial in which participants were randomized to a cereal fiber supplement of either 13.5 or 2.0 g/day. No protective effect for adenoma recurrence was observed for those randomized to the high-fiber group as compared with those in the ...

Wild white-faced sakis (Pithecia pithecia) ingest primarily seeds that provide a diet that is lipid-rich and moderately high in dietary fiber. Although little anatomical information is available on sakis, evidence from other vertebrate seed predators suggests that such a diet is correlated with adaptations in gut morphology or physiology. Milton ...

BACKGROUND: Cholecystokinin is associated with satiety. Fat stimulates cholecystokinin release, and fiber appears to prolong cholecystokinin elevation during the alimentary period. OBJECTIVE: We tested whether adding fiber or fat to a low-fat, low-fiber meal increases cholecystokinin release and enhances subjective measures of satiety and whether the cholecystokinin response correlates with ...

Red meat and fiber rich foods are the dietary factors most consistently related to colon carcinogenesis. Although several components in these dietary sources may contribute, the biochemical mechanism by which red meat and fiber affect colorectal carcinogenesis has not yet been established. Sphingomyelin metabolism is a novel signal transduction pathway ...

OBJECTIVE: The present study investigates the activity changes of sphingomyelinase (SMase), ceramidase and caspase-3 in colonic mucosa of rats induced by high fat and red meat diets. METHOD: For a period of 3 weeks, rats were fed protein without fat (control), high fat only, high fat with beef, and high ...

Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) often request dietary recommendations. They must eat, and they want to know what to eat. Present national guidelines recommend dietary treatment with fiber for IBS patients with constipation. Diet recommendations are made based on symptoms. There may be different dietary recommendations for constipation, diarrhea, ...

Brewers grains, a by-product of beer production, are often used as a livestock feed. Because brewers grains provide protein, fiber, and energy, they can be useful in a variety of diets. Protein in brewers grains can meet a significant portion of supplemental protein requirements; in addition, they provide fiber and ...

The potential use of avocado as a fiber source was evaluated. The total dietary fiber content of fresh avocado fruit of the Ettinger variety was 5.2 g/100 g. Approximately 75% was insoluble, and 25% soluble. The water-holding capacity of dry defatted avocado pulp was similar to that of cellulose, and ...

Dietary fiber consists of the structural and storage polysaccharides and lignin in plants that are not digested in the human stomach and small intestine. A wealth of information supports the American Dietetic Association position that the public should consume adequate amounts of dietary fiber from a variety of plant foods. ...

The effects of age, breed, and diet on fecal chemistry, enzyme activity, and bacterial populations of dogs were studied. Eighteen dogs from two age groups (young: 2.5 +/- 0.5 years, old: 10.9 +/-0.7 years) and three different breeds (German shepherds, miniature schnauzers, and English setters) were rotated through a Latin ...

This study was performed to examine the effects of several kinds of dietary fibers (DF) with different physical properties on dietary RNA metabolism. Male Wistar strain rats, 4 wk old, were fed diets with or without a 3% yeast RNA and a 5% DF (cellulose, chitin, chitosan, inulin, and xanthan ...

Morphine is used to alleviate chronic cancer pain. However, constipation is a major adverse effect that often detracts from the patient's quality of life. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of dietary fiber on morphine-induced constipation. Rats were fed on a normal diet or one containing either 10% or ...

BACKGROUND: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved health claims for 2 dietary fibers, beta-glucan (0.75 g/serving) and psyllium (1.78 g/serving), on the assumption that 4 servings/d would reduce cardiovascular disease risk. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the efficacy of this dose of fibers in reducing serum lipid risk factors for ...

We fed cholesterol-enriched (0.1% w/w) semipurified diets containing 3% of lemon pectin or 3% of the polygalacturonic acid regions fraction (smooth regions fraction) of the lemon pectin to hybrid F1B hamsters for a period of 8 weeks. A control group was fed cellulose and a positive control group was fed ...

This group of experiments focused on relationships between diet, somatotropic axis, and growth. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) are factors in the somatotropic axis, and important to development of growth cartilage in the young animal. The entire study was divided into four main experiments. Characteristics of ...

To study the effects of diet consistency on the fiber phenotypes of rat masseter (1-70 days of age), the mRNAs of myosin heavy chain isoforms (MHC embryonic, neonatal, I, IIa, IId/x and IIb) were measured in total RNA preparations from masseters of hard-diet group (HDG) and soft-diet group (SDG) by ...

Previous studies by this laboratory demonstrated that lysozyme is increased in human pulmonary emphysema, and that it preferentially binds to elastic fibers, which undergo degradation in this disease. In the current investigation, the relationship between lysozyme and elastic fiber injury was further examined, both in vitro and in vivo. The ...

The relationship between pasta texture and physicostructural characteristics was determined in relation to potential starch degradation and subsequent glucose release. Pastas with added soluble and insoluble dietary fiber ingredients were evaluated in relation to biochemical composition, cooking properties, and textural characteristics. Results show that both the type and amount of ...

Red meat and fiber rich foods are the dietary factors most consistently related to colon carcinogenesis. Although several components in these dietary sources may contribute, the biochemical mechanism by which red meat and fiber affect colorectal carcinogenesis has not yet been established. Sphingomyelin metabolism is a novel signal transduction pathway ...

The effect of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on cecal enzyme activity was studied. Adult male Wistar rats were fed a fiber-free diet supplemented with 5% cellulose, a 5% mixture (1:1) of cellulose and FOS or 5% FOS as a source of fiber for 4 weeks. The cecal content was used to measure ...

This study tried to evaluate the effect of highly fermentable fiber on the incidence and severity of swine dysentery (SD) after experimental oral infection with pure cultures of Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae. Forty eight growing pigs were allocated to two groups and treated until slaughter as follows: Group 1 (n = ...

The effect of consumption of finger millet based diets on hyperglycemia was studied in 6 non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) subjects. All the experimental diets were planned to be isocaloric and also to contain 75 g equivalent of carbohydrate load so that glycemic response could be compared with a 75 ...

Dietary fibers are remnant of plant cells resistant to hydrolysis by human alimentary tract enzymes. These are cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectins and gums. Intake of dietary fibers or foods rich in dietary fibers decreases the incidence of colorectal carcinoma. Reduced risk of colorectal carcinoma is reported when populations with diet ...

The ability of a novel chitosan formulation to influence gastrointestinal fat absorption in vivo was examined in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study by determining the content of total fat in feces in two groups of subjects. Twenty-nine normal healthy subjects were recruited for the study. Twenty-four participants completed the test ...

Dietary fiber has important health benefits in adolescence, especially in promoting normal laxation and reducing the future risk of some chronic diseases. The purpose of this survey was to examine the dietary fiber intake among Costa Rican adolescents. Prospective 3-d diet records were used for dietary fiber data collection. The ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of dietary fiber consumption and lifestyle on serum lipids in adult men with non-restricted diet and physical activity. METHODS: Two groups of 19 men were classified as high (48 g/day) and low fiber groups (27 g/day). Anthropometry, food frequency, ...

The effect of increased nutrients (protein, lipid, vitamins and minerals) on dioxin-induced toxic manifestations such as immune suppression, hepatic hypertrophy, splenic atrophy and enzyme induction was investigated in mice after oral administration of 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD (HxCDD) as one of a representative compound of dioxin isomers. Consequently, it appeared that increased minerals ...

We analyzed stress-strain curves in transverse sections at three different root levels of the cervical, middle, and apical regions of the distal root of the mandibular first molar in hamsters fed a high-carbohydrate (experimental group) or standard (control group) diet for 8 weeks. Each section was loaded in vitro at ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of incorporating two self-regulation strategies (goal setting and self-monitoring) into a nutrition education class to enhance dietary fiber self-efficacy and foster a positive change in dietary fiber consumption. DESIGN: College students in an introductory nutrition class (n = 113) were randomly assigned to one of ...

The effects of mushroom fibers on serum cholesterol and hepatic low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor mRNA in rats were investigated. Rats were fed a cholesterol-free diet with 50 g/kg cellulose powder (CP), 50 g/kg maitake (Grifola frondosa) fiber (MAF), 50 g/kg shiitake (Lentinus edodes) fiber (SF), or 50 g/kg enokitake (Flammulina ...

Plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin following a meal were compared in twelve Thoroughbred mares fed a pelleted concentrate (PC), a traditional sweet feed high in sugar and starch (SS), or a feed high in fat and fiber (FF). The feeds had similar DE and CP but differed in fat ...

OBJECTIVES: Arabinogalactan (AG) is a non-digestible soluble dietary fiber that resists hydrolytic enzyme action and enters the large bowel intact where it is fermented by resident microflora. To determine whether AG has similar physiological properties to other soluble dietary fibers, we examined the effect of 15 and 30 g per ...

Dietary fiber may be related to body-weight regulation through plausible physiologic mechanisms that have considerable support in the scientific literature. Many short-term studies suggest that high-fiber foods induce greater satiation and satiety. Epidemiologic studies generally [figure: see text] support a role for fiber in body-weight regulation among free-living individuals consuming ...

PURPOSE: Dietary fiber has been implicated in colorectal neoplasia, despite conflicting evidence. This is a review of the currently available data on the role of dietary fiber in colorectal carcinogenesis. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using the MEDLINE database. All case-control, longitudinal, and randomized, controlled studies published in English ...

Two studies were conducted regarding the effects of guar gum on accumulation and metabolism of trichloroethylene (TCE). In study 1, 6- and 14-weeks-old rats were given a single oral dose of 100 mg of trichloroethylene (TCE). Ten hours after administration of TCE, a marked positive correlation was noted between relative ...

BACKGROUND: Human studies have shown that dietary fiber affects stool composition and consistency. Because fecal incontinence has been shown to be exacerbated by liquid stools or diarrhea, management strategies that make stool consistency less loose or liquid may be useful. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of a fiber supplement containing ...