The influence of dietary fiber on energy regulation remains controversial. This review summarizes published studies on the effects of dietary fiber on hunger, satiety, energy intake, and body composition in healthy individuals. Under conditions of fixed energy intake, the majority of studies indicate that an increase in either soluble or ...

To determine the effects of weight loss on intramyocellular energy substrates, vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were taken from six obese subjects (body mass index 34 +/- 5 kg/m(2)) before, after 15 wk of energy restriction (ER; -700 kcal/day), and after a further average 20.7 +/- 1.6 wk of endurance training ...

Brewer's yeast cell wall (BYC) was tested on constipated male Sprague-Dawley rats that had been induced by loperamide (2 mg/kg of body weight). The preventive effect of BYC on constipation was examined and compared with that of a non-fiber diet (NF) as the control. The dose-response of BYC and the ...

We tested the effects of feeding a diet very high in fiber from fruit and vegetables. The levels fed were those, which had originally inspired the dietary fiber hypothesis related to colon cancer and heart disease prevention and also may have been eaten early in human evolution. Ten healthy volunteers ...

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that consumption of a high-fat diet leads to an increase in UCP mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle. In a group of endurance athletes, with a range in fiber type distribution, we hypothesized that the effect of the high-fat diet on UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare fermentation characteristics of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and other fiber substrates that are commonly found in canine diets. SAMPLE POPULATION: Fecal samples from 3 adult dogs. PROCEDURE: The ability of fiber substrates to be used in microbial fermentation reactions was assessed by use of an in vitro fermentation system. ...

Two recent studies question the role of dietary fiber in the prevention of colorectal cancer. However, the duration of dietary intervention, dose of fiber, and the complexity of polyp formation and transformation to carcinomas make interpretation of such studies difficult. Multiple rationales exist for promoting the consumption of high-fiber, low-fat, ...

All during fish postmortem evolution, structural muscle proteins are targets for various proteases. During the prerigor period (24 hours at 4 degrees C for sea bass), cytoskeletal proteins are affected by the first proteolytic events. These cleavages disrupt connections between myofibrils and the extracellular matrix, induce segmentation of myofibril cores, ...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate effects of isomalto-oligosaccharides (IO) on the bowel function and nutritional status of elderly men. METHODS: Seven older male subjects participated in this study that consisted of a 30-day control low fiber period followed by a 30-day IO-supplemented (10 g active components) experimental period. Bowel functions such as ...

Dietary fibers, major phenolics, main minerals, and trace elements in persimmons and apples were analyzed and compared in order to choose a preferable fruit for an antiatherosclerotic diet. Fluorometry and atomic absorption spectrometry following microwave digestion were optimized for the determination of major phenolics and minerals. Total, soluble, and insoluble ...

The association between elevated plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations and increased risk for heart disease has made the scientific community aware of dietary sources that might effectively reduce plasma cholesterol levels. Several large-scale cohort studies have documented that dietary fiber lowers the risk for coronary heart disease. In addition, there is substantial ...

The clinical significance of fiber on metabolic control among people with type 2 diabetes is debatable. Patients with type 2 diabetes who consumed a diet containing food naturally rich in fiber (e.g., 50 g fiber/day, 50% soluble) for 6 weeks had significant improvements in glycemic control and lipid panels when ...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of oats, a cereal rich in soluble fiber, on body composition changes and dietary compliance during consumption of a weight loss diet. METHODS: Subjects were 41 healthy men and women aged 18 to 78 years. Weight maintenance energy requirements were established over two weeks during ...

Chapter 5 described the use of self-generated gradients of iodixanol for the fractionation of human plasma lipoproteins into the major classes: high-density, low-density, and very low density (HDL, LDL, and VLDL). During the metabolism of plasma HDL and LDL, the lipid and apoprotein composition of the lipoprotein particles changes in ...

Liquid diet (LD) is known to be protective against indomethacin-induced enteropathy, which is thought to be associated with ischemic change. We tested the hypothesis that the solid component of diet modulates small intestinal blood flow (SIBF) following indomethacin administration. In the first experiment, male Wistar rats were divided into 18-hr-fasted ...

Processed wheat aleurone flour (WAF) is a source of insoluble fermentable dietary fiber that comes from the outer layers of the wheat kernel. A study was designed to evaluate WAF, wheat bran (WB) and alpha-cellulose as the source of dietary fiber (5 g/100 g of diet) in a semipurified high ...

The major classes of plasma lipoprotein, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL), are characterized on the basis of differences in density and charge ( Table 1 ). Centrifugation is the 'gold-standard' for the analysis of plasma lipo-protein classes and beta quantitation, and other analytical ...

Transport of triglycerides (TGs) and cholesteryl esters (CEs) in plasma can be viewed as taking place via two major groups of lipoproteins, the TG-rich lipoproteins (chylomicrons and VLDL), on one hand, and the cholesterol-rich lipoproteins (LDL and HDL), on the other. The metabolism of these groups is linked by exchange ...

Apolipoprotein E (apo E) is a 299-amino acid plasma protein involved in cholesterol transport and is found in chylomicrons, very low density lipopro-tein, intermediate-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein (1,1).

Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) was first discovered in 1963, by Kare Berg, as a variant of the beta-lipoproteins. Many years later, Lp(a) has been identified as an independent risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease (1). During the last two decades the structure and composition of Lp(a) has been investigated ...

BACKGROUND: Dietary changes are recommended as first-line treatment and prevention strategies of chronic diseases. The African-American diet in particular has been characterized as high in sodium and fat while lacking in fiber. METHODS: Using a 24-hour diet recall with a modified food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), we assessed the diet/nutritional status ...

A residue consisting of tomato peel and seeds is a byproduct of the tomato paste industry. This product had, after drying and grinding, 101.4 g water, 175.6 g protein, 95.9 g lipids, 36.4 g ash and 590.7 g total carbohydrates per kilogram of residue. The carbohydrates in the residue were ...

Crude dietary fiber samples were prepared from beet, cabbage, Japanese radish, onion and mung bean sprouts (BF, CF, RF, OF and MF, respectively). These samples contained total dietary fiber at the levels of 814, 699, 760, 693 and 666 g/kg, respectively. To examine the effect of these dietary fiber sources ...

Current dietary guidelines recommend a decrease in fat intake and an increase in fiber consumption. Decreased bioavailability (BV) of carotenoids is thought to be associated with both of these recommendations. A 2 x 4 factorial design was used to test the effects of dietary fat level at 10 or 30% ...

This study addressed the following question: What is the effect of fermentable and nonfermentable fiber-rich diets on intestinal immune cells' function and metabolism? For this purpose, weaning rats received, for 8 weeks, two types of fiber-enriched (30%) diets with different fermentable/nonfermentable fiber ratios, that is, oat bran (0.3) and wheat ...

Dietary fibers are widely used in hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic, slimming diets. It is probable that their ingestion coincides with the oral administration of drugs and a modification of their pharmacokinetics can appear. In the present study, the influence of two soluble fibers (guar gum and psyllium) was evaluated on the pharmacokinetics ...

BACKGROUND: Fiber supplementation during enteral nutrition has been recommended, but the effect of soluble compared with insoluble fiber supplements on antroduodenal motility is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare antroduodenal motor patterns in 8 healthy volunteers during and after gastric infusion of 3 different diets: a ...

Plasma cholesterol concentration is reduced by feeding some dietary fibers and mushroom fruit body, but the mechanism is not fully understood. We examined the effects of mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) fiber and sugar beet fiber on serum cholesterol and hepatic LDL receptor mRNA in rats. Rats were fed a cholesterol-free diet ...

Twenty nonpregnant Angora does were used to determine seasonal effects on fleece traits, including fiber growth and follicle activity. Does grazed pastures and were supplemented with a 50% concentrate diet at a level near that required for BW maintenance. Clean fiber growth rate was greatest (p<0.05) among seasons in summer ...

BACKGROUND: In addition to increasing stool weight, supplements of psyllium seed husk produce stools that are slick and gelatinous. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that a gel-forming fraction of psyllium escapes microbial fermentation and is responsible for the characteristics that enhance laxation. DESIGN: Fifteen healthy adults consumed ...

OBJECTIVE: Stool diluting effects of relatively inert material, such as unfermentable dietary fiber, has been proposed as an effect of fiber beneficial to the colon. Stool dilution by increasing bacterial mass may be beneficial or deleterious, depending on bacterial metabolic products. The purpose of this study was to determine the ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of drug-induced changes in mean transit time (MTT) on the activity of human fecal flora in vitro. METHODS: The activity of fecal flora was estimated by the ability of a fecal inoculum to ferment a substrate (beet fiber) in vitro in a batch system for ...

Arabinoxylan is a major dietary fiber component of many cereals. Its physiological effects in the colon are largely unknown. This study examined the effects of an arabinoxylan-rich fiber (AX) extracted from a by-product of wheat flour processing in the rat colon compared with well-characterized soluble/rapidly fermentable and insoluble/slowly fermentable fibers. ...

BACKGROUND: Premenopausal African American women have a 2-3 times greater incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) than do white women. The plasma lipid responsiveness to dietary fat, which may be associated with CHD, has not been adequately studied in premenopausal African American or white women. OBJECTIVE: The objective of our ...

This cross-sectional study was to assess the nutrients in terms of protein, fat, minerals, and hormones in heat-dried human placenta. Thirty heat-dried human placentas, 15 from male and 15 from female, were analyzed for protein (amino acids), fiber, fat, moisture, minerals (sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese), ...

The effect of diet supplemented with 5% and 15% cellulose or with 15% fiber isolated from red beet (Beta vulgaris var. rubra) on the development of alimentary hypercholesterolemia and chemically induced colon carcinoma was studied in male Wistar rats. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by a diet containing 0.3% of cholesterol and ...

BACKGROUND: The effect of increasing the intake of dietary fiber on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is controversial. METHODS: In a randomized, crossover study, we assigned 13 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to follow two diets, each for six weeks: a diet containing moderate amounts ...

Pectin is a soluble indigestible polysaccharide that stimulates cecal polyamine formation in rats. Bacteroides and fusobacteria, two numerically dominant bacterial population groups in the large intestine, were found to synthesize in vitro high amounts of spermidine and putrescine. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of pectin ...

In order to investigate the possible role of fiber in the etiology of acute appendicitis, 203 consecutive appendectomized children with histologically proved appendicitis and 1922 controls were studied by the diet history method. Statistics were performed by multivariate analysis of variance, discriminant analysis and chi 2. Appendectomized children had statistically ...

OBJECTIVE: Both epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests a protective effect of dietary fiber against disease, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. The effects of fiber on lipoproteins are modest, indicating that other mechanisms may be involved. As the hemostatic effects of different types of fiber are poorly known, we compared ...

BACKGROUND: We tested the hypothesis that dietary intervention can inhibit the development of recurrent colorectal adenomas, which are precursors of most large-bowel cancers. METHODS: We randomly assigned 2079 men and women who were 35 years of age or older and who had had one or more histologically confirmed colorectal adenomas ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of diets differing in type and quantity of fiber on glycemic control in dogs with naturally occurring insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. DESIGN: Prospective randomized crossover controlled trial. ANIMALS: 7 dogs with well-regulated naturally occurring insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PROCEDURE: Dogs were fed 1 of 3 diets for ...

Eight mature dogs (17.2 +/- 0.2 kg) surgically fitted with ileal T-cannulas were used in a replicated 4-x-4 Latin-square-design experiment to evaluate nutrient disappearance at the terminal ileum and through the digestive tract. Two fiber types, cellulose, a crystalline, slowly fermented fiber, and pectin, a soluble, rapidly fermented fiber, were ...

The influence of fiber source on fiber digestion in rabbits was investigated. Six fibrous feedstuffs with wide differences in chemical composition and particle size were selected: paprika meal, olive leaves, alfalfa hay, soybean hulls, sodium hydroxide-treated barley straw, and sunflower hulls. Six diets were formulated to contain one of these ...

The relative protective effects of modifying dietary protein, fat, fiber, and energy content vs moderate food or dietary restriction (DR) on spontaneous cardiomyopathy of Charles River male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was evaluated at 1 and 2 years. For 2 years, SD rats were fed Purina Rodent Chow 5002 (21.4% protein, ...

BACKGROUND: Soluble fibers, including those from psyllium husk, have been shown to augment the cholesterol-lowering effects of a low-fat diet in persons with hypercholesterolemia. As evidence of this, the US Food and Drug Administration recently authorized the use of health claims on food products containing soluble fiber from psyllium that ...

Dietary fiber has many functions in diet, one of which may be to aid in energy intake control and reduced risk for development of obesity. The role of dietary fiber in energy intake regulation and obesity development is related to its unique physical and chemical properties that aid in early ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of fat and fiber intake on energy and nutrient intake of 15-year-old adolescents. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls were collected on a random sample of 15-year-olds. Subjects were then categorized into groups based on fat and fiber intake, with 319 students meeting criteria for 1 ...

This study was designed primarily to assess the localization of apoptosis cascade proteins along the rat colonic crypt and secondarily to test whether the activity and/or localization of these proteins are affected by the enrichment of the diet with the soluble fiber pectin. Expression of apoptosis cascade proteins was assessed ...

The objective of this work was to obtain information on Amaranthus greggii S. Wats., related to its nutritional value, its agricultural application as leaf vegetable and for animal consumption. The following variables were analyzed: dampness, ashes, protein, mineral, ethereal extract (fat), brute fiber, oxalic acid, nitrates and carbohydrates.