High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in apolipoprotein (apo) E-deficient mice is decreased. It has been suggested that apoA-I is lost from HDL in these mice because it must substitute for apoE as a structural protein for the abnormal cholesterol-rich lipoproteins. Therefore, we examined in vivo the influence of selective apoE ...

Total serum lipids, as well as apolipoproteins A-I (apo A-I) and B (apo B), were determined in 74 patients with chronic liver failure without cholestasis and in 82 normal subjects. The VLDL, LDL and HDL lipid fractions were reduced in the liver failure group by 36%, 24% and 46%, respectively ...

Apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B) is the principal structural and functional protein of the pro-atherogenic lipoproteins, but its homeostasis in man has not been clearly established. The hepatic availability of cholesterol substrate may be a determining factor. We examined whether there was a direct correlation between plasma concentrations of mevalonic acid ...

Recent studies have suggested that variations in apoE genotypes may influence the magnitude of plasma lipid changes in response to dietary interventions. We examined the ability of apoE genotype to predict plasma lipid response to reductions in percent of calories from total fat (TF) and saturated fat (SF) in a ...

Progressive glomerulosclerosis is a major complication in patients with familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency. The lack of LCAT activity results in the accumulation of an abnormal lipoprotein, lipoprotein-X (Lp-X), in the plasma of these patients. Lipoprotein-X contains high levels of unesterified cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine. Lp-X may play a role in ...

The premature presence of senile plaques (SP) in coronary artery disease (CAD), and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) as well as SP in hypertension (HyperT), suggest a neuropathologic link between CAD, HyperT, and AD. Previous MI, CAD and HyperT often occur in and may increase the risk of AD. Expression of Apo-E4 ...

The anti-atherogenic role of high density lipoprotein is well known even though the mechanism has not been established. In this study, we have used a novel model system to test whether removal of lipoprotein cholesterol from a localized depot will be affected by apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) deficiency. We compared ...

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical fitness, lipids, and apolipoproteins in a cross-sectional study using a two-stage probability sample of the population of Northern Ireland. The main outcome measures were physical fitness using VO2max estimated by extrapolation from submaximal oxygen uptake while walking on ...

We have identified a kindred in Providence, RI, deficient in hepatic triglyceride lipase (HL). The two affected brothers have coronary heart disease and elevated levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and apolipoprotein [apo] A-I. The lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity is normal. We and others have postulated that ...

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) containing apo A-I but no apo A-II (LpA-I) can promote cholesterol efflux from cells, while HDL containing apo A-I and apo A-II can not. Pre beta1-HDL, a minor fraction of LpA-I, is the initial acceptor of cellular cholesterol. To determine whether the pre beta1-HDL:LpA-I ratio is constant ...

An analytical free flow capillary isotachophoresis (cITP) procedure for the detailed analysis of lipoproteins on commercially available capillary electrophoresis systems has been developed. The technique is based on the specific staining of lipoproteins with the fluorescent lipophilic dye 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD)-ceramide before separation. Prestained lipoprotein samples are applied between leading and ...

To elucidate how the apolipoprotein (apo) E polymorphism and modifiable factors interact in explaining plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels, we studied 1448 young adults (18 to 26 years old), participating in the European Atherosclerosis Research Study (EARS). Venous blood was collected after an overnight fast. Modifiable factors, eg, body mass ...

A 49 year-old hypercholesterolemic male with marked electrocardiographic ST segment depression on exercise testing was found to have an apo E E3/3 phenotype by isoelectric focusing, but an APOE E4/3 genotype using HhaI restriction isotyping. DNA sequence analysis of the proband's APOE gene found a G-->C point mutation at codon ...

Lipid response to dietary fat and cholesterol is, to a large extent, genetically controlled. Apoprotein (apo) A-IV has been related to fat absorption and to the activation of some of the enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. One mutation has been described in the apo A-IV gene that causes substitution of ...

Variation at the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene locus has demonstrated a consistent impact on lipoprotein levels. APOE typing was performed for 488 healthy, caucasian, premenopausal women participating in the Women's Healthy Lifestyle Project (WHLP) aimed at reducing total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol intake and promoting physical activity. Women in ...

Postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women are at risk for cardiovascular disease and are encouraged to follow low-fat (LF) (< or = 30% energy) diets. However, these diets may have undesirable effects on high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) and triglycerides, whereas diets high in monounsaturated fats do not. Twenty ...

BACKGROUND: Studies are divided as to whether or not apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) is a better marker for coronary artery disease (CAD) than high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We hypothesized that the detergent Tween 20, which is thought to expose antigenic sites in apo A-I, would improve automated kit apo A-I assays ...

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) plays a key role in lipoprotein metabolism and may have other important biological functions. In humans, there are three common, naturally occurring isoforms of apoE that are associated with differences in lipid levels and atherosclerosis. However, the direct in vivo effects of the apoE isoforms on lipoprotein ...

The plasma lipid response to changes in dietary fat and cholesterol can vary between individuals. The SstI polymorphism, arising from a cytosine to guanosine substitution in the 3' untranslated region of the APOC3 gene distinguishes between two alleles--S1 and S2. The S2 allele has been associated with elevated plasma triacylglycerol, ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of serum lipids, lipoprotein fractions, and apolipoprotein (apo) A-1, B and E on mortality from vascular and nonvascular causes in an unselected elderly population. The random sample of 347 community-living individuals aged 65 years or older was obtained in 1982. ...

Apolipoprotein A-IV (apo A-IV, protein; apo A4, gene) is a major constituent of triglyceride-rich and high-density lipoprotein particles and may, therefore, play an important role in lipid metabolism. We studied the distribution of two apo A4 polymorphisms at codons 347 (alleles A and T) and 360 (alleles 1 and 2) ...

We studied lipids, apolipoprotein-E (apo-epsilon) genotypes and other coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors of 67 CAD patients (male/female ratio 5) in Curaçao. Compared with 57 controls, male CAD patients had higher cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, apo-B and decreased HDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol/cholesterol concentrations. Other CAD risk factors were: increased fasting glucose ...

The effect of apolipoprotein (apo) E phenotype on the concentration and chemical composition of plasma lipoproteins was studied in 73 male alcohol abusers and 50 male controls. The apo E phenotype was confirmed by genotyping to avoid possible effects of posttranslational modifications by alcohol or its metabolites. The lipid and ...

Serum lipids were determined in 10 untreated patients with recently diagnosed epilepsy, 21 patients treated with carbamazepine (CBZ), 10 patients treated with valproate (VPA) and in 15 healthy children. In relation to the controls, patients receiving CBZ showed increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), apolipoprotein A (Apo-A) and apolipoprotein B ...

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays a pivotal role in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) metabolism. Within the circulation, the VLDL population is heterogeneous with respect to both size and composition. Several studies have investigated the action of LPL in vitro on different VLDL subfractions, but little is known of the action of LPL ...

Our aim was to assess the impact of a monounsaturated fat-enriched (Mono) diet and a diet recommended by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) on plasma levels of fibrinogen and activities of factor VII (FVII:C) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and the impact of genetic polymorphisms of these variables (HaeIII, ...

We investigated the association of the apolipoprotein (apo) E isoform phenotype with the basal serum cholesterol level and cholesterol response to diet therapy in outpatients with primary hypercholesterolemia. The basal levels of serum cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol in the 132 subjects were 286 +/- 26 mg/dl, 154 +/- 83 mg/dl ...

We hypothesized that common genomic variants would be associated with variation in lipoprotein phenotypes in young subjects. We determined genotypes of FABP2, PON, APOC3, and APOE in 188 aboriginal Canadians, aged 9 to 17 years. We found that 13 of 32 possible genotype-phenotype associations were significant: (1) the FABP2 codon ...

The effect of hepatic lipase (HL) deficiency on the susceptibility to atherosclerosis was tested using mice with combined deficiencies in HL and apoE. Mice lacking both HL and apoE (hhee) have a plasma total cholesterol of 917 +/- 252 mg/dl (n = 24), which is 184% that of mice lacking ...

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the association between the G/A polymorphism in the apolipoprotein A-1 (apo A-1) promoter region and plasma lipid levels, as well as their responses to dietary change, in Finnish adults. SUBJECTS AND DESIGN: Blood samples from 86 subjects (42 men. 44 women) who attended a dietary intervention study ...

Apolipoprotein (apo) E7 was originally identified by Yamamura et al. in subjects with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (J. Clin. Invest. 1984;74:1229). However, the lipoprotein abnormalities associated with apo E7 phenotype have not been elucidated. In the current study, to clarify the physiological roles of apo E7, lipoprotein abnormalities were studied in ...

Lipoprotein lipids and apo B from 254 male patients were compared with bilirubin as a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Patients were classified as: 1, Normal, all vessels < 20% stenosis, n = 83; or 2, CAD, at least one vessel > 70%, n = 171. Diagnostic accuracy ...

The effect of diet on blood lipids has been under intensive study during recent decades. However, diet in the context of the hyperapobetalipoproteinemia (hyperapoB) phenotype has received less attention. The hyperapoB phenotype is commonly encountered in patients with premature coronary heart disease. It is defined as a combination of an ...

Fish-eye disease (FED) in humans is characterized by corneal opacities and markedly decreased plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) AI, and apo All, but no tendency to precocious atherosclerosis is present. To elucidate this paradox, the structure of HDL, the potential of serum to promote cholesterol efflux ...

We assessed the effect of a diet high in leafy and green vegetables, fruit, and nuts on serum lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Ten healthy volunteers (seven men and three women aged 33 +/- 4 years [mean +/- SEM]; body mass index, 23 +/- 1 kg/m2) consumed their habitual ...

Transgenic mouse lines carrying several copies of the mouse apo A-IV gene were produced. Lipoprotein composition and function, and aortic lesion development were examined. Apo A-IV levels in the plasma of transgenic mice were elevated threefold compared with nontransgenic littermates on a chow diet, and sixfold in mice fed an ...

Our objective was to establish the role of the apoprotein (apo) E phenotype in determining serum cholesterol levels in infants fed exclusively on high-fat, high-cholesterol human milk and in those fed a low-cholesterol, high-unsaturated fat formula. The total and lipoprotein cholesterol, apoB, and triglyceride concentrations in serum were quantified and ...

The goal of the present study was to assess the influence of mealtime on postprandial lipemia. Thirteen healthy subject aged 19-32 y were given the same meal at night (0100) or during the day (1300) in random order: the meal contained 40% of estimated daily energy expenditure. Blood samples were ...

The effects of National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Step 2 diets on plasma lipoprotein profiles in 72 men [mean (+/- SD) age: 44 +/- 15 y, range: 19-81 y] and 48 women (mean age: 50 +/- 21 y, range: 21-78 y) participating in five previously published studies were examined. Subjects ...

Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 (FDB) is a frequently inherited disorder of lipoprotein metabolism. The glutamine-for-arginine substitution at position 3500 of apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 leads to defective binding of apo B-100 to the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and accumulation of LDL in the plasma. We recently identified a patient homozygous ...

We describe a new method for the direct measurement of LDL-apolipoprotein (apo) B by using a commercial kit that isolates LDL by immunoseparation. We evaluated immunoseparation of LDL for apo B and cholesterol measurement in 46 dyslipidemic patients with LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) between 1.5 and 8.2 mmol/L, 11 of whom had ...

The purpose of the study was to answer the following two questions. First, are the diet-induced changes in the plasma cholesterol concentration associated with a change in blood pressure? Second, is the possible diet-induced change in blood pressure related to the apolipoprotein E (apo E) phenotype? Two hundred employees of ...

Apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV is primarily associated with HDL or with the lipoprotein-free fraction of plasma, and in small amounts with chylomicrons and VLDL. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of a fatty meal on the postprandial variation in plasma apo A-IV and on its distribution ...

We evaluated serum concentrations of apoprotein (APO) A1, B, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density cholesterol (LDL-C) in twelve obese subjects whose body mass index (BMI) was > or = 30 before and after a clinically significant weight loss was obtained utilizing a very-low calorie diet ...

OBJECTIVE: Although lipid abnormalities are well described in hypothyroidism, effects on apolipoproteins are less well understood. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of thyroid dysfunction on plasma lipids and apolipoproteins. DESIGN: A prospective study of lipids and apolipoproteins before and after treatment of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. ...

Patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Elevated lipoprotein(a) (LP(a)) levels have been shown to be an important risk factor for CVD. This study examined Lp(a) changes during the progression of renal disease in patients following different dietary regimens. Fifty-seven patients with CRF ...

Hyperlipidaemia of 18 male and 20 female patients following successful renal transplantation was treated with daily 20 mg fluvastatin (Lescol) for 12 weeks. The patients were several months after transplantation, and their total cholesterol levels exceeded 6.5 mmol/l following an 8-week diet. The effect of fluvastatin on the levels of ...

BACKGROUND: Variation at the apolipoprotein E (apo E) locus influence lipid and lipoprotein levels in the normal population, and is associated with premature coronary artery disease. Patients with end-stage kidney disease or undergoing dialysis treatment are particularly prone to develop accelerated atherosclerosis. METHODS: To evaluate the influence of genetic variation ...

Differences in lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels across populations have been described and blacks are known to have higher Lp(a) values compared to whites. However, environmental factors which influence Lp(a) levels have been difficult to identify. We took advantage of the large environmental contrast which exists against a common genetic background between ...

The clinical picture in chronic renal failure (CRF) shows great variability depending on age, sex, aetiology of disease, grades of renal injury and type of treatment. Significant increases of triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-chol) and and apo B concentrations, significant decreases of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-chol) levels and apo ...